نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

2 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 محقق گروه پروتئومیکس مؤسسه CNR فلورانس، ایتالیا

چکیده

چکیده
شوری و قلیائیت خاک‌ها اثرات مخربی بر 932 میلیون هکتار از زمین‌های جهان دارد. هم‌چنین سبب کاهش تولید محصول در 100 میلیون هکتار از زمین‌های قاره آسیا شده است. این تحقیق به ‌منظور ارزیابی اثرات متقابل منابع نیتروژن و سطوح بی‌کربنات سدیم بر خصوصیات رشدی، فیزیولوژیکی و پارامترهای فلورسانس کلروفیل دو ژنوتیپ سفید و بنفش سیر در گلخانه هیدروپونیک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی‌عصر (عج) رفسنجان در سال 1395 انجام شد. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه فاکتور بی‌کربنات سدیم در سه سطح (صفر، 10 و 20 میلی‌مولار)، نیتروژن در سه سطح (سولفات آمونیوم، نیترات آمونیوم و نیترات کلسیم با غلظت پنج میلی‌مولار نیتروژن) و دو ژنوتیپ سیر (سفید و بنفش) با 3 تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد منابع نیترات آمونیوم و سولفات آمونیوم اثر منفی بی‌کربنات را بر وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و وزن تر و خشک ریشه کاهش داد. گیاهان تغذیه‌شده با سولفات آمونیوم بیش‌ترین مقدار قند محلول در هر دو ژنوتیپ سیر (4/1 و 32/1 میلی‌گرم برگرم وزن تر برگ به‌ترتیب در ژنوتیپ سفید و بنفش) را به خود اختصاص دادند. میزان پرولین با افزایش غلظت بی‌کربنات سدیم در هر دو ژنوتیپ سیر افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی تحت تأثیر بی‌کربنات در گیاهانی مشاهده شد که با نیترات آمونیوم و سولفات آمونیوم تغذیه شده بودند. منابع نیتروژن، بی‌کربنات سدیم و برهمکنش آن‌ها بر شاخص‌های فلورسانس کلروفیل تأثیری نداشت و تنها اثر ژنوتیپ بر این صفت معنی‌دار شد. در مجموع، کاربرد سولفات آمونیوم و نیترات آمونیوم سبب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی ژنوتیپ‌های سیر در شرایط تنش قلیائیت شد. براساس یافته‌های این مقاله می‌توان به این نکته اشاره کرد که با تغییر در محلول‌های غذایی مورد‌نیاز گیاهان در شرایط تنش می‌توان از میزان خسارت به آن‌ها کاست و از این تغییر سبب بهبود خصوصیات رشدی و عملکردی گیاهان در شرایط تنش شد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Proteome Analysis of Osage Orange Leaf (Maclura pomifera) in Response to Drought Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Alireza Khaleghi 1
  • Rohangiz Naderi 2
  • Seyed Alireza Salami 3
  • Mesbah babalar 2
  • Biancaelena Maserti 4

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

4 National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR-IPSP), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Introduction
Drought stress is one of the most important environmental factors, which limit the growth of plants. By the end of the 21st century, the incidence of drought stress is expected to increase because of the global warming phenomenon. As a consequence, trees growth and viability in the forests and urban greenspace will reduce. Thus, selection of plants that are more tolerant to severe drought stress and are able to cope with such environmental conditions needs to be considered in future silvicultural strategies. This study was carried out to identify candidate drought-tolerance proteins in Maclura pomifera. Therefore, we aimed to explore the performance of Maclura pomifera under a severe drought stress and analyse the proteome changes of Maclura pomifera leaf in response to drought.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was carried out on 4-year-old Maclura pomifera saplings genotypes cultivated on a flat field in the Botanical Garden of University of Tehran. Saplings were exposed to irrigation regimes of 100% and 25% field capacity in a completely randomized design. Leaf samples were collected and were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and then stored at −80C to be used for further analyses. Experiments were performed using the gradient pH 3-10 NL IPG strips for the isoelectric focusing. IEF was carried out using the PROTEAN IEF. Strips were then equilibrated first for 15 min in reducing solution and then 15 min in alkylating solution. Equilibrated IPG strips were then placed and fixed using hot agarose on the top of home-made 12 % SDS- polyacrylamide gels. Separation of proteins in the second dimension was carried out in Protean XL cell. The protein spots were visualized by staining with BioSafe Coomassie gel stains following manufacturer’s instructions.
 
Results and Discussion
After doing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 25 protein spots that had displayed significant protein level changes were identified. Differentially expressed, proteins were divided in three groups. The first group included stress and defense proteins such as lipoxygenase, two types of heat shock protein, Allergen, Convicilin and legumin A2 precursorm; the second group included oxidative stress proteins such as Catalase, Chloroplast stromal ascorbate Peroxidase, Cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, Iron superoxide dismutase and Manganese superoxide dismutase. The
third group included energy and metabolism proteins such as Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit, Ribulose -1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase /oxygenase small subuni, Translation elongation factor, Aldolase, Hydroxy-acid oxidase, Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and glyoxalase. The present results indicate that most proteins have been identified and their changes caused an increase in tolerance and adaptation of Maclura pomifera to drought stress. Also, our data suggest that drought tolerance of M. pomifera might be correlated with diminishing oxidative damage by activation of the antioxidant systems.
 
Conclusion
The present results indicate that most proteins have been identified and their changes caused an increase in tolerance and adaptation of Maclura pomifera to drought stress. Also, our data suggest that drought tolerance of M. pomifera might be correlated with diminishing oxidative damage by activation of the antioxidant systems.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant enzymes
  • Heat shock protein
  • Lipoxygenase
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