نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مربی مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری اکولوژی گیاهان زراعی، دانشکده علوم ومهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
به‌منظور مقایسه عملکرد علوفه و تعیین بهترین نسبت کاشت در کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله، جو، شبدر لاکی و ماشک علوفه‌ای، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی شامل شانزده تیمار در سه تکرار طی دو سال زراعی 1392-1391 و 1393-1392 در اراضی شالیزاری مؤسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در رشت اجرا شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کشت خالص تریتیکاله، شبدر لاکی، ماشک علوفه‌ای و جو و کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله و شبدر لاکی به نسبت‌های 70 :30، 50 :50 و30 :70، کشت مخلوط تریتیکاله و ماشک علوفه‌ای به نسبت‌های 70 :30، 50 :50 و30 :70، کشت مخلوط جو و شبدر لاکی به نسبت‌های 70 :30، 50 :50 و30 :70 وکشت مخلوط جو و ماشک علوفه‌ای به نسبت‌های 70 :30، 50 :50 و30 :70 بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بین تیمارهای آزمایشی از نظر اکثر صفات مورد مطالعه تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت. مقایسه میانگین داده‌ها نشان داد که کشت مخلوط 70 درصد تریتیکاله و 30 درصد ماشک علوفه‌ای، با میانگین عملکرد 48844 و 15269 کیلوگرم در هکتار به‌‌ترتیب بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر و خشک را دارا بود. نسبت برابری زمین در اغلب تیمارهای کشت مخلوط بزرگتر از یک به‌دست‌آمد. تیمارکشت مخلوط 70 درصد تریتیکاله و 30 درصد ماشک علوفه‌ای با نسبت برابری زمین 31/1 و 54/1 به‎ترتیب برای علوفه تر و خشک نسبت به سایر نسبت‌های کشت از برتری قابل ملاحظه‌ای برخوردار بود و به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین الگوی کشت مخلوط در اراضی شالیزاری استان گیلان قابل توصیه می‌باشد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Yield and Advantages of Forage Legumes with Cereals Intercropping as Second Crop in Paddy Fields

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad rabiee 1
  • fatemeh farahdahr 2

1 Instructor Researcher of Rice Researcher Institute of Iran, Agricultural research Education and Extension Organization, Theran, Iran

2 Ph.D. Student of Crop Ecology, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
One of the key strategies in sustainable agriculture is to restore diversification into agricultural ecosystems and its effective management. The results of various studies have shown that the ecological advantage of intercropping is due to the efficient use of environmental resources. The purpose of mixed cultivation experiments, especially forage plants, is to increase the yield of forage in quantitative and qualitative terms, maintain the ecological balance and stabilize the system.
 
Materials and Methods
In order to compare the forage yield and determine the best planting ratio in mixed cropping of Triticale, Barley, Crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), and Vicia sativa, an experiment was conducted based on the complete randomized block design with sixteen treatments and three replications in paddy fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran (Rasht) during 2012-2014 for two years. Experimental treatments included pure planting of Triticale, Crimson clover, Vicia sativa, and Barley, planting mixtures of Triticale and Crimson clover with ratios of 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70, planting mixtures of Triticale and Vicia sativa with ratios of 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70, planting mixtures of Barley and Crimson clover with ratios of 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70 as well as planting mixtures of Barley and Vicia sativa with ratios of 70:30, 50:50 and 30:70. The studied traits included plant height, number of stems, number of tillers, number of plants per m2, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield as well as land equivalent ratio (LER) values for fresh and dry forages. The obtained data were analyzed by SAS software and mean comparisons were performed using LSD test.
 
Results
The results of analysis of the variance showed significant differences between the experimental treatments in most traits. Mean comparison showed that planting ratio of 30% Vicia sativa + 70% Triticale had maximum fresh and dry forage yields with averages of 48844 and 15269 kg. ha-1, respectively. Most treatments had LER of greater than one. Planting ratio of 70% Triticale and 30% Vicia sativa showed LER values of 1.31 and 1.54 for fresh and dry forage yields. The treatment is recommended for planting in paddy fields of Guilan area due to its relative advantage with respect to other planting ratios.
Discussion
Considering that the main objectives of crop forage production in rice paddy fields are the optimum use of paddy fields, sustainability of rice production, production of forage for livestock, and increasing farmers' incomes, the cultivation of all treatments tested as pure and mixed crops in rotation with rice has no problem with regard to the interference of harvesting of the forages with the time of cultivating the seedling rice.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crimson clover
  • Cropping pattern
  • Land equivalent ratio
  • Triticale
  • Vicia sativa
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