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اثر نوع محیط کشت، کلات‌کننده آهن و ترکیب هورمونی بر ریزازدیادی انار(Punica granatum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران

2 استادیار،گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش عالی شیروان، شیروان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهان زینتی، جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضوی، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
ریزازدیادی انار از طریق کشت بافت به‌عنوان یک راهکار برای تولید نهال‌های یکنواخت و عاری از بیماری مطرح است. با این حال برخی عوامل از قبیل عدم ریشه‌زایی و قهوه‌ای شدن می‌تواند ریزازدیادی این گیاه را با مشکل مواجه کند. لذا تأثیر عوامل مختلف بر روی ریزازدیادی انار رقم شیشه کپ فردوس در سال 1394 در آزمایشگاه جهاد دانشگاهی خراسان رضویمورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور در دو آزمایش جداگانه برای کنترل قهوه‌ای شدن ریزنمونه‌های گره اثر محیط‌های کشت DKW، MS و WPM و دو نوع کلات‌کننده آهن شاملEDTA و EDDHAو برای حداکثر پرآوری شاخه مقادیر 1 و 2 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر BA در ترکیب با 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر از اکسین‌های IBA، NAA و IAA مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. برای ریشه‌زایی شاخه‌ها اثر اکسین‌های IBA، NAA و IAA در محیط کشت WPM در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بعد از ریشه‌زایی، گیاهچه‌ها جهت سازگاری به بسترهای مختلف منتقل شدند. نتایج نشان داد که استفاده از محیط کشت WPM و کلات‌کننده آهن EDDHA قهوه‌ای شدن ریزنمونه‌ها را نسبت به محیط کشت DKW به میزان 8/55 درصدکاهش داد. بهترین تیمار جهت شاخساره‌زایی، محیط کشت WPM با تیمار هورمونی 2 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر BA و 2/0 میلی‌گرم بر لیترIAA  بود. برای ریشه‌زایی، محیط کشت حاوی 1 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر IAA از نظر درصد ریشه‌زایی، تعداد و طول ریشه تولید‌شده پاسخ بهتری نشان داد. درنهایت برای سازگاری گیاهچه‌های کشت بافتی انار ترکیب پیت ماس و پرلیت (2:1) مناسب‌تر بود.
 

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موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Medium, Iron-Chelating Agent and Plant Growth Regulator on Micropropagation of Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tayyabeh Eshaghi Sanayi 1
  • Mohammad Zare Mehrjerdi 2
  • Ahmad Sharifi 3

1 M.Sc. Student of Agricultural Biotechnology, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan, Shirvan, Iran

2 Assistant Professors, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural, Higher Education Complex of Shirvan, Shirvan, Iran

3 Assistant Professors, Department of Ornamental Plant Biotechnology, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Razavi Khorasan Province, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit tree that originated from Iran and has been cultivated since ancient times. Classical propagation methods of pomegranate like stem cutting and air-layering have seasonal timing and a higher risk of pathogens contamination. Micropropagation by tissue culture could be considered a method for production of steady and pathogen free plants in this species. However, factors such as lack of rooting and browning due to the oxidation of phenolic components under invitro culture can limit its micropropagation efficiency. To overcome these problems, the effects of various factors, including media, iron-chelating agent, and plant growth regulators, were examined on the pomegranate propagation through in vitro conditions.
 
Materials and Methods
To obtain sterile explants, stem cuttings of the pomegranate cultivar Shishe Cap Ferdos were treated with different disinfection treatments. Then, the effect of DKW, MS and WPM basal media and two types of iron chelating agents (EDDHA and EDTA) were evaluated to decrease the secretion of phenolic compound from explant and subsequent browning. In the next step, the effect of plant growth regulators treatments, including 1-2 mg/l of BA in combination with 0.2 mg/l of various auxins (IAA, NAA or IBA) on shoot development and proliferation was studied. After that, rooting of regenerated plantlets was explored at WPM medium supplemented with 0.5 or 1 mg/l IAA, IBA or NAA. Finally, pomegranate plantlets were transferred to different soil mixtures, including eat moss and perlite (2:1), cocopeat and perlite (2:1), peat moss and vermiculite (2:1) and cocopeat and vermiculite (2: 1) for acclimation.
 
Results
The results indicated that sterilization with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 15 minutes followed by washing with 1g/l carbendazim for 10 minutes, and finally culturing the explants in the medium containing 1 g/l carbendazim had the best effect on reducing explant contamination. Among different basal media and iron chelating agents, WPM resulted in the lowest explant browning. Also, EDDHA was more efficient compared to the EDTA so that explant browning in WPM media containing Fe-EDDHA reduced by 55.8% compared to DKW containing Fe-EDTA. In addition, WPM basal medium supplemented with 2 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l IAA induced higher shoot proliferation in node explant of pomegranate. For rooting treatments, after 45 days, WPM supplemented with 1 mg/l IAA induced higher rooting percentage, root length and number in pomegranate shoots. Among different acclimatizing treatments, plantlets that grew on peat moss and perlite (2: 1) had the highest leaf number and stem height.
 
Discussion
Our results suggested that the medium composition and chelating agent affected pomegranate explants browning. EDDHA appears to have a positive effect on reducing browning by chelating copper, which is a phenol oxidase cofactor. Also, EDDHA was more efficient compared to the EDTA.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • In vitro culture
  • Proliferation
  • Rooting
  • Shoot induction
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 43، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 309-322
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هم رسانی
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