نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
یکــی از نیازهــای مهــم در برنامه‌ریزی زراعی به‌منظور حصول عملکرد بالا و کیفیت مطلوب به‌ویژه در گیاهان دارویی ارزیابی سیســتم‌های مختلف تغذیه گیاه اســت. با روش صحیح افزایش حاصلخیزی خاک و تغذیه گیاه می‌توان ضمن حفظ محیط‌زیســت، کاهش فرســایش و حفظ تنوع‌زیستی، کارآیی نهاده‌ها را افزایش داد. این پژوهش با هدف ارتقای عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه بادرنجبویه با مصرف کودهای زیستی نظیر قارچ میکوریزا، کود فسفاته زیستی و ورمی‌کمپوست مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.آزمایش در  بهار و تابستان 1395 در مزرعه تحت پوشش سازمان جهاد کشاورزی استان گیلان واقع در بخش خشک‌بیجار از توابع شهرستان رشت اجرا شد. در این تحقیق آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل سه عاملی شامل قارچ میکوریزا (M) در دو سطح (عدم تلقیح = M1 و تلقیح = M2)، عامل کود فسفات زیستی (p ) در سه سطح (صفر =p 1، 50 = p 2 و 100 = p 3 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و ورمی‌کمپوست (V) در سه سطح (صفر =V1 ، 5= V2 و 10 =V3 تن در هکتار) در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با هجده تیمار و در سه تکرار انجام شد. همچنین، یک کرت به‌عنوان شاهد کود شیمیایی (مصرف کود شیمیایی اوره 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار، سوپر‌فسفات‌تریپل 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار و سولفات‌پتاسیم 90 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در هر تکرار قرار داده شد و مقایسه آن با تیمارهای میکوریزا، کود فسفات زیستی و ورمی‌کمپوست نیز در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در نظرگرفته شد. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، بیشترین، عملکرد برگ، درصد اسانس، عملکرد زیستی، کلروفیل کل و کاروتنوئید در تلقیح با میکوریزا حاصل شد. کود فسفات زیستی در تیمار 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار در کل صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بهترین نتیجه را داشت. همچنین، بهترین نتیجه در استفاده از 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار در عملکرد بیولوژیک (2/4808 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد اسانس (13/0) و کلروفیل کل (54/1 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تازه) به‌دست آمد. اثرات متقابل هم افزایی مثبت نیز روی برخی صفات مذکور مشاهده گردید که می‌توان به اثر متقابل بین تلقیح میکوریزا و فسفات زیستی بر عملکرد برگ، همچنین هم‌افزایی میکوریزا و ورمی‌کمپوست در شاخص عملکرد زیستی اشاره کرد. طبق نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش، تیمار تلقیح با میکوریزا، مصرف 100 کیلوگرم فسفات زیستی و 10 تن ورمی‌کمپوست درهکتار، می‌تواند شرایط مناسبی را جهت دستیابی به بیشترین عملکرد کمی (5290 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کیفی (26/0 درصد اسانس) در گیاه بادرنجبویه در یک سیستم زراعی پایدار فراهم آورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad reza Mirzajani 1
  • Majid Majidian 2
  • Gholam reza Mohsenabadi 3

1 M.Sc. student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Agronomy, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, especially in medicinal plants. With the correct method of increasing soil fertilization and plant nutrition, it is possible to reduce the erosion and conservation of biodiversity, preserve the environment, and increase the efficiency of inputs. This research was carried out with the aim of improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of lemon balm with bio fertilizers such as mycorrhiza fungi, biophosphate fertilizer, and vermicompost.
 
Materials and Methods
The experiment was conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in a field covered by Agriculture Jihad of Guilan, located in Khoshkabijar District of Rasht, Iran. In this research, the experiment was conducted considering three factors: factorial contains mycorrhizal inoculation (M1 = non-inoculated and M2 = inoculated), phosphate biofertilizers (p < sub>1 = 0, p < sub>2 = 50 and p < sub>3 = 100 kg ha-1) and vermicompost (V1 = 0, V2 = 5 and V3 = 10 tons ha-1) layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Also, one plot was allocated to control in each replication and only chemical fertilizers (use of 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer of urea, triple super phosphate 90 kg ha-1 and potassium sulfate 90 kg ha-1) and data obtained from control plot, mycorrhizal, phosphate biofertilizers, and vermicompost were used based on a randomized complete block.
 
Results
According to the results of this experiment, the highest number of leaf yield, essential oil percentage, biological yield, essential oil yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in inoculation with mycorrhiza was obtained. The application of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers had a significant effect on all measured biofertilizers. Fertilizer treatment of 100 kg ha-1 had the best result in all measured traits. Also, the best result was obtained with the use of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare in biological yield (4808.2 kg ha-1), essential oil (0.13%), and total chlorophyll (1.54 mg gr-1FW). There were positive and synergic interactions between factors. For example, positive interaction between inoculation of mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizers on leaf yield and essential oil yield, and synergic interaction between mycorrhiza and vermicompost on biological yield were obsereved.
 
Discussion
The results of this study show that the treatment of inoculums with mycorrhiza, consumption of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers and 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare could provide the best situation to achieve the highest quantitative (5290 kg ha-1) and qualitative yield (0.26% essential oil) of lemon balm in a sustainable agricultural system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chlorophyll
  • Mycorrhiza
  • Phosphate biofertilizers
  • Vermicompost
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