نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران استادیار پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی و صنعتی، اردکان، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشکده گیاهان دارویی و صنعتی، اردکان، ایران استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
داودی (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) یکی از پرطرفدارترین گل‌های تولیدی در دنیا است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر عصاره پوست سه رقم انار (شهوار دانه سفید، رباب دانه قرمز و ملس پوست سیاه یزد) هر کدام در چهار غلظت صفر، 15، 25 و 50 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و اسانس‌های رزماری و درمنه با چهار غلظت صفر، 25، 50 و 75 میلی‌گرم در لیتر روی عمر گلجایی گل شاخه بریده داودی رقم ‘Ramat’ در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکراردر سال 98-1397 در دانشگاه اردکان، انجام شد. تمام تیمارها حاوی سه درصد ساکارز بودند. بر اساس نتایج گل‌هایی که با 15 میلی‌گرم در لیتر عصاره پوست انار رقم "شهوار دانه سفید" تیمار شدند، بیشترین عمر گلجایی (66/14 روز) را نشان دادند که 10/34 درصد نسبت به شاهد بیشتر بود. کمترین تعداد باکتری در انتهای ساقه گل‌های بریده تیمار‌شده با 25 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسانس رزماری حاصل شد که 14/70 درصد نسبت به شاهد کمتر بود. با افزایش غلظت عصاره و اسانس، جمعیت باکتری در انتهای ساقه بریده شده به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. بیشترین محتوای آب گلبرگ (66/75 درصد) در تیمار 75 میلی‌گرم در لیتر اسانس رزماری حاصل شد. به‌طورکلی همه تیمارهای مورد بررسی نسبت به شاهد قادر به افزایش عمر گلجایی و کاهش وزن تر و بار میکروبی انتهای گل شاخه بریده داودی بودند. همچنین در میان سه عصاره پوست انار، عصاره "شهوار دانه سفید" بیشترین اثر را در افزایش عمر گلجایی، کاهش وزن تر، نشت یونی و بار میکروبی انتهای ساقه نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Pomegranate Peel Extract, Rosmarinus and Artemisia Essential Oils on Vase Life of Cut Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoumeh Ebrahimipour Bafghi 1
  • Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani 2
  • Jalal Gholamnezhad 3

1 M.Sc. Student of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran Assistant Professor, Medicinal and Industrial Plant Research Institute, Ardakan, I. R. Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Medicinal and Industrial Plant Research Institute, Ardakan, I. R. Iran Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium R.) is one of the most popular cut flowers in the world. Stem end blockage and water stress are two problems in shortening the vase life of cut Chrysanthemum. Essential oils are noble alternative substitutes for silver and chemical compounds because of their antimicrobial activities and environmentally friendly nature of the extracts. A pomegranate peel extract (PGE) was evaluated as a natural antifungal preparation for the control of postharvest rots.
 
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of pomegranatepeelextract of three cultivars (‘Shahvar dane sefid’, ‘Rabab dane ghermez’ and ‘Malas Poost Siah Yazdi’) in four concentration of 0, 15, 25 and 50 mg/l and Rosmarinous and Artemisia essential oils in four concentrations of 0, 25, 50 and 75 mg/l on vase life of cut chrysanthemum in a completely randomize design (CRD). Evaluated characteristics were consisted of vase life, stem end bacteria, petals water content, fresh weight loss, electrolyte leakage, protein content and peroxidase enzyme activity.
 
Results
According to the results, flowers treated by 15 mg/l pomogrante peel extract of ‘Shahvar dane sefid’ showed the highest effect on vase life of chrysanthemum with 34.10% higher than control. The lowest population of bacterial in stem end of flowers was obtqined by 25 mg/l Rosmarinus essential oil with 70.14% lower than control. By increasing the extract and essential oils concentrations, bacterial population in stem end of cut flower significantly increased, while peroxidase activity significantly decreased. The lowest fresh weight loss was observed in stems treated with 75 mg/l pomegranate peel extract of ‘Shahvar dane sefid’, 15 mg/l Pomogrante Peel Extract of ‘Rabab Daneh Ghermez’, 25 mg/l Artemissia essential oil and 25 and 50 mg/l Rosmarinous essential oil. The highest petals water content (75.66%) was obtained in 75 mg/l Rosmarinus essential oil. The lowest petals water content (44.66%) was obtained in 75 mg/l Artemisia essential oil. The lowest electrolyte leakage was observed in cut stem floweres that were treated by 15 and 25 mg/l pomegranate peel extract cv.’Malas Poost Siah Yazdi’.
Discussion
Generally, compared to control, all treatments were able to extend vase life and decrease fresh weight and microbial stem end of cut flowers. Also, among three pomegranate peel extracts, extracts of cv. ‘Shahvar dane sefid’ showed the highest effect on extending vase life, decreasing the fresh weight, electrolyte leakage and stem end bacteria, and thus, recommended for extending the vase life of cut flowers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Peroxidase
  • Petals
  • Weight loss
References
Adachi, M., Kawabata, S. and Sakiyama, R. (1999). Changes in carbohydrate content in cut chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat) Kitamura) 'Shuhou-no-chikara' stems kept at different temperature during anthesis and senescence. Journal of Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 68(3), 505-512.
Aguilar, C. N., Aguilera-Carbo, A., Robledo, A., Ventura, J., Belmares, R. and Martinez, D. (2008). Production of antioxidant nutraceuticals by solid-state cultures of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and Creosote Bush (Larrea tridentata) leaves. Journal of Food Technology and Biotechnology, 46(2), 218-222.
Akhtar, S., Ismail, T., Fraternale, D. and Sestili, P. (2015). Pomegranate peel and peel extracts: Chemistry and food features. Food Chemistry, 174(1), 417-425.
Bahraminejad, S., Asenstorfer, R. E., Riley, I. T. and Schultz, C. J. (2008). Analysis of the antimicrobial activity of flavonoids and saponins isolated from the shoots oats (Avena sativa L.). Journal of Phytopathology, 156(1), 1-7.
Bolkhina, O., Virolainen, E. and Fagerstedt, K. (2003). Antioxidants, oxidative damage and oxygen deprivation stress. A Review Annals of Botany, 91(2), 179-194.
Da Silva, J. A. T. (2003). The cut flower: Postharvest considerations. Online Journal of Biological Sciences,3(4), 406-442.
Daham, S. S., Ali, M. N., Tabassum, H. and Khan, M. (2010). Studies on antibacterial and antifungal activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science, 9(3), 273-281.
Damunupola, J. W., Qian, T., Muusers, R., Joyce, D. C., Irving, D. E. and Van Meeteren, U. (2010). Effect of S-carvone on vase life parameters of selected cut flower and foliage species. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 55(1), 66-69.
Elfalleh, W., Hannachi, H., Tlili, N., Yahia, Y., Nasri, N. and Ferchichi, A. (2012). Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, seed, leaf and flower. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(32), 4724-4730.
Farhodi, N., Salehi Salmi, M., Yari, F. and Shahbazi, E. (2018). Effects of Satureja hortensis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Citrus limon L. essential oils and 8-hydroxyquinoline citrate in dry and wet storage conditions on vase life of cut lily (Longiflorum × Asiatic Hybrids cv. CebDazzle) flowers. Plant Productions, 41(2), 41-54. [In Farsi]
Glazer, I., Masaphy, S., Marciano, P., Bar–Ilan, I., Holland, D., Kerem, Z. and Amir, R. (2012). Partial identification of antifungal compounds from Punica granatum peel extracts. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(19), 4841-4848.
Hashemabadi, D., Bagheri, H., Shafiei, M. R. and Alipour, M. R. (2017). Antimicrobial effect of Zhumeria majdae extraction and 8- HQS on longevity of cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus ‘White Liberty’). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47(4), 785-796. [In Farsi]
Hashemi, M., Mirdehghan, S. H. and Farahmand, H. (2013). The effects of thymol, menthol and eugenol
on quality and vase-life of chrysanthemum cut flowers. Iran Agricultural Research, 32 (2), 55-70. [In
Farsi]
He, S., Joyce, D. C. Irving D. E. and Faragher J. D. (2006). Stem end blockage in cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’ inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41(1), 78-84.
Hejazi, M. A. and Gan, E. K. (2009). Influences of some essintial oils vase life of Gladiolus hybrid L. ‘Spikes’. International Journal for Agro Veterinary and Medical Sciences, 3(1), 19-24.
Ibrahium, M. (2010). Efficiency of pomegranate peel extract as antimicrobial, antioxidant and protective agents. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 6(4), 338-344.
Jiang, Y. M. and Chen, F. (1995) A study on polyamine change and browning of fruit during cold storage of litchi fruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 5(3), 245-250.
Karimian Fariman, Z. and Tehranifar, A. (2011). Effect of essential oils, ethanol and methanol to extend the vase life of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 5(14), 91-94.
Kazemi, M., Hadavi, E. and Hekmati, J. (2011). Role of salicylic acid in decreases of membrane senescence in cut carnation flowers. American Journal of Plant Physiology, 6(2), 106-112.
Li Destri Nicosia, M. G., Pangallo, S., Raphael, G., Romeo, F. V., Strano, M. C., Rapisarda, P., Droby, S. and Schena, L. (2016). Control of postharvest fungal rots on citrus fruit and sweet cherries using a pomegranate peel extract. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 114(1), 54-61.
Li, Y., Gue, C. H., Yang, J., Wei, J., Xu, J. and Cheng, Sh. (2006). Evaluation of antioxidant properties of pomegranate peel extract in comparison with pomegranate pulp extract. Journal of Food Chemistry, 96(2), 260-254.
Martos, V., Lopez, J. F. and Alvarez, J. A. P. (2010). Pomegranate and its many Functional Components as related to human health. Journal of Food Science and Food Safety, 9(4), 635-659.
Meman, M. A. and Dabhi, K. M. (2006). Effects of different stalk length and certain chemical substances
on vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Savana Red’). Journal of Applied Horticulture,8(2), 147-150.
Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture of Iran. (2018). Annual agricultural statics. Retrieved from www.maj.ir.
Nabigol, A., Naderi, R., Babalar, M. and Kafi, M. (2006). Increasing vase life of chrysanthemum cut flowers by using floral preservatives and recuting. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 7(4), 207-216. [In Farsi]
Osorio, E., Floresa, M., Hern-andeza, D., Venturab, J., Rodriguezb, R. and Aguilarb, C. N. (2010). Biological efficiency of polyphenolic extracts from pecan nuts shell (Carya Illinoensis), pomegranate husk (Punica granatum) and creosote bush leaves (Larrea tridentata Cov.) against plant pathogenic fungi. Indian Crops Products, 31(1), 153-157.
Reid, M. S. and Wu, M. J. (1992). Ethylene and flower senescence. Plant Growth Regulation,11(1), 37-
43.
Reuveni, M., Agapov, V. and Reuveni, R. (1995). Induced systematic protection to powdery mildew in cucumber by phosphate and potassium fertilizers: Effect of inoculum concentration and post-inoculation treatment. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, 17(3), 245-251.
Scariot, V., Paradiso, R., Rogers, H. and De Pascale, S. (2014). Ethylene control in cut flow-ers: Classical and innovative approaches. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 97(1), 83-92.
Solgi, M. and Taghizadeh, M. (2017). The effects of silver nitrate, thymol, green silver nanoparticles
and chitosan on vase life of carnation cut flowers cv. white liberty. Plant Productions, 40(2), 1-13. [In Farsi]
Solgi, M., Kafi, M., Taghavi, T. S. and Naderi, R. (2009). Essential oils and silver nano particles (SNP) as novel agents to extend vase life of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii cv. Dune) flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 53(3), 155-158.
Tayel, A. A., Salem, M. F., El Trasb, W. F. and Brimerc, L. (2011). Exploration of Islamic medicine plant extracts as powerful antifungals for the prevention of mycotoxigenic aspergilli growth in organic silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(12), 2160-2165.
Tehranifar, A., Selahvarzia, Y., Kharrazia, M. and Bakhshb, V. J. (2011). High potential of agro-industrial by-products of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) as the powerful antifungal and antioxidant substances. Indian Crop Production, 34(3), 1523-1527.
Teissedre, P. L. and Water House, A. L. (2000). Inhibition of oxidation of human low-density lipoproteins
by phenolic substances in different essential oils varieties. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry, 48(9), 3801-3805.
Trippi, V. and Paulin, A. (1984). The senescence of cut carnation: A phasic phenomenon. Physiologia Plantarum, 60(2), 221-226.
Vahdati Mashhadian, N., Tehranifar, A., Bayat H. and Selahvarzi Y. (2012). Salicylic and citric acid treatments improve the vase life of cut chrysanthemum flowers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,14(1), 879-887.
Van Leperen, W., Nijsse, J., Keijzer, C. J. and Van Meeteren, U. (2001). Induction of air embolism in xylem conduits of pre-defined diameter. Journal of Experimental Botany,52(358), 981-991.
Van Meteren, U., Van Gelder, H. and Van Leperen, W. (2000). Reconsideration of use of deionized Water as vase water, in postharvest experiments of cut flowers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 18(2), 169-181.
Zarezadeh, M. R. (2008). Extraction and identification of nutritional and pharmaceutical compounds from pomegranate peel of three dominant Iranian varieties. M.Sc. Thesis of food Industrial Engeeniring, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan. [In Farsi]
Zhang, F. H., Wang, Y. J., Li, L. and Liu, T. (2013). Effects of phosphine fumigation on posthar-vest quality of four Chinese cut flower species. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 86(1), 66-72.
 
 © 2020 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)