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به‌گزینی ژنوتیپ‌های گردوی ایرانی برای برخی از صفات کمّی و کیفی و بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی نمونه‌های امیدبخش بر اساس نشانگر ISSR

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
در این پژوهش، 119 ژنوتیپ گردوی ایرانی در سال 1393 و 1394 از مناطق مختلف غرب کشور جمع‌آوری‌شده بودند، بر اساس صفات مربوط به خشک میوه در آزمایشگاه گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه ایلام مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. ارزیابی اولیه ژنوتیپ‌های گردو نشان داد که تنوع بالایی در صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده مرتبط با خشک میوه و مغز وجود دارد. در بین صفات خشک میوه، چروکیدگی مغز دارای بیشترین مقدار ضریب تنوع (02/114 درصد) بود، در‌حالی‌که کمترین ضریب تنوع مربوط به قطر خشک میوه (68/8 درصد) بود. در بین ژنوتیپ‌های گردو، وزن خشک میوه و مغز به‌ترتیب از 7 تا 8/19 گرم و 8/2 تا 20/9 گرم متغیر بود. بر اساس ارزیابی اولیه، از بین 119 ژنوتیپ مورد بررسی، 30 ژنوتیپ برتر که دارای صفات مطلوبی در ویژگی‌های خشک میوه و مغز مانند وزن خشک میوه و مغز، درصد مغز، سهولت جدایی مغز از خشک میوه، گوشتی و توپر بودن مغز بودند، انتخاب شدند و سپس تنوع ژنتیکی بین آن‌ها با استفاده از 10 آغازگر ISSR بررسی و تنوع قابل توجهی مشاهده گردید. آغازگرهای ISSR در مجموع 79 آلل میان ژنوتیپ‌ها تولید کردند که 77 آلل دارای چندشکلی بودند. اندازه قطعات تکثیر‌شده در محدوه 200 تا 1700 جفت‌باز قرار داشت. تعداد آلل مشاهده‌شده برای هر مکان در دامنه سه (HB10) تا 13 آلل (UBC-807) با میانگین 77/7 آلل برای هر مکان به‌دست آمد. شاخص محتوی چندشکلی (PIC)برایمکانUBC-807  دارای بیشترین مقدار (82/0) و برای مکان HB10 دارای کمترین مقدار (51/0) بود و میانگین آن در همه مکان‌های ISSR برابر با75/0 بود. دامنه تشابه ژنتیکی میان ژنوتیپ‌ها از 31/0 تا 85/0 متغیر بود. تجزیه خوشه‌ای با استفاده از داده‌های ISSR به روشUPGMA ، ژنوتیپ‌ها را در فاصله ژنتیکی 58/0، به هفت گروه اصلی تقسیم کرد. نتایج کلی این تحقیق نشان داد برخی از این ژنوتیپ‌ها (16، 4، 24، 26، 11 و 17) دارای صفات مطلوبی در خشک میوه و مغز هستند که می‌توانند از طریق روش‌های رویشی تکثیر و به صورت تجاری کشت شوند و یا در اصلاح سنتی گردو و مطالعات پیشرفته بیوتکنولوژی برای دستیابی به نتاج بهتر مورد استفاده قرار گیرند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Screening of Persian Walnut Genotypes Based on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characters and the Investigation of Genetic Diversity among Promising Samples Using ISSR Marker

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Zare-Rashnodi 1
  • Javad Erfani Moghadam 2
  • Arash Fazeli 3

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Horticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

2 Associate Professors, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

3 Associate Professors, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) belongs to the family of Juglandaceae and is one of the most important nut crops in Iran. Until recently, all of the fruitful walnut trees grown in Iran are seedling originated and thus, they exhibit a significant variation, especially in nut and kernel characteristics. Therefore, the identification of the promising genotypes based on the phenotypic traits is essential in breeding programs. The aims of the current work were to evaluate 119 Persian walnut trees in different western regions of Iran based on nut and kernel characteristics, and then to detect genetic relationships among desirable genotype using ISSR marker.
 
Materials and Methods
In this research, 119 Persian walnut genotypes collected from different parts of the west of Iran were evaluated based on nut characteristics. Based on the primary evaluation, 30 superior genotypes that had desirable characters in nut and kernel properties, such as nut and kernel weight, kernel percentage, kernel removal from the nut, kernel plumpness, and kernel filled were selected and then, the genetic variation among them was evaluated using 10 ISSR primers.
 
Results
The preliminary evaluation of 119 walnut genotypes illustrated that most of the evaluated genotypes showed high variability for the measured traits related to nut and kernel. Among the nut and kernel characters, the kernel shriveling showed the highest coefficient of variation (114.02%), while the lowest CV was related to the nut diameter (8.68%). Among walnut genotypes, both nut and kernel weight varied from 7-19.8 g and 2.8-9.20 g, respectively. The genetic relationship among 30 promising genotypes with ten ISSR primers indicated a considerable level of variability. All of the ISSR primers were polymorphic and produced a total of 79 alleles among the 30 genotypes, which 77 alleles were polymorphic. The size of the amplified fragments ranged from 200 bp to 1700 bp. The number of the observed alleles for each locus ranged from 3 (HB10) to 13 (UBC-807), with an average of 7.7 alleles per locus. Polymorphic index content (PIC) was observed to be highest (0.82) in the UBC-807 locus, while the HB10 locus had the lowest value (0.51) with an average of 0.75 among ISSR locus. The Jaccard’s genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.31 to 0.85 among the genotypes. The cluster analysis performed based on ISSR data using UPGMA, divided the genotypes into seven major groups.
 
Discussion
Finally, the results of this study showed that there was high variability among walnut genotypes in terms of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the nut and the kernel. In this study, the average nut and kernel weight among walnut genotypes varied. The difference in nut and kernel properties of germplasm under the same geographical conditions may be the result of genotypic factors. The results indicated that some genotypes (16, 4, 24, 26, 11, and 17) had desirable traits in the nut and kernel. Moreover, the Persian walnut is of most important horticultural crops grown in Iran. Therefore, these genotypes can be propagated according to the vegetative methods and used for commercial cultivation or utilized for traditional breeding and advanced biotechnology studies to achieve superior progenies.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Allele
  • Cluster analysis
  • Fruit diameter
  • Kernel percentage
  • Polymorphism
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 42، شماره 2
تیر 1398
صفحه 279-294
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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