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اثر بسترهای مختلف کشت بر برخی صفات فیزیکوشیمیایی گیاه همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) تحت تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اردکان، یزد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه اردکان، یزد، ایران

چکیده

شوری یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده رشد گیاه و تولیدات کشاورزی می‌باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر، بررسی اثر سطوح مختلف شوری و اصلاح‌کننده‌های آلی بر برخی شاخص‌های رشدی در گیاه همیشه‌بهار (Calendula officinalis L.) بود. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل پنج سطح از مواد آلی (شاهد (خاک زراعی)، نیم و یک گرم در لیتر عصاره جلبک ‌دریایی،80 درصد خاک زراعی + 20 درصد حجمی گلدان کود گاوی کاملاً پوسیده و 80 درصد خاک زراعی + 20 درصد حجمی گلدان کود ورمی‌کمپوست) و سه سطح شوری (5/3، 5/7 و 5/10 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) با سه تکرار در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه اردکان در سال 1396 به اجرا درآمد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش سطح شوری،شاخص‌های رشدی و میزان جذب عناصر به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت، در‌ حالی‌که فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز افزایش یافت. بیشترین قطر تاج، تعداد برگ، وزن‌ تر و خشک گل و جذب عناصر در تیمار کود گاویو با هدایت الکتریکی 5/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به‌دست آمد.بیش‌ترین قطر گل در تیمار نیم گرم در لیتر جلبک دریایی و با هدایت الکتریکی 5/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر مترمشاهده شد. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده مشخص شد که اگرچه آستانه تحمل به شوری همیشه‌بهار 5/7 دسی‌زیمنس بر مترمی‌باشد، استفاده از بستر کشت مناسب، تحمل گیاه را تا 5/10 دسی‌زیمنس بر مترافزایش خواهد داد. همچنین مشخص شد که کود گاویبهتر از بقیه تیمارها توانست تحمل گیاه را در برابر شوری افزایش دهد و موجب بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی آن گردد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Media Cultures on Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) Plants under Salt Stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Kalhor 1
  • Maryam Dehestani-Ardakani 2
  • Mostafa Shirmardi 2
  • Jalal Gholam nezhad 2

1 M.Sc. Student of Horticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Salinity is an important environmental tension limiting growth and productivity of plants worldwide. The harmful effects of high salinity on plants can be observed in senescence, necrosis of plant organs and decrease productivity. Major processes such as photosynthesis, protein synthesis, and energy and lipid metabolism affect plants during the beginning and development of salinity stress. Calendula officinalis L. belongs to the Asteraceae family; it is an annual with bright or yellow orange daisy-like flowers which are used for medicinal or culinary purposes. Organic fertilizers develop favorable physical, chemical and biological environment in the soil. They stimulate plant root growth, increase nutrient uptake and soil water-holding capacity, decrease evaporation from the soil and surface water runoff, facilitate drainage, regulate soil temperature and provide a rich substrate for soil microbes.
 
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted to determine the effects of soil salinity and organic amendments on some growth characteristics, absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and peroxidase enzyme activity in pot marigold plant (Calendula officinalis L). In a factorial experiment and completely randomized design (CRD), five levels of organic amendments (control, 0.5 and 1 g.L-1 algae extract, 20% v/v of pot volume cow manure and 20% v/v of pot volume vermicompost) and three levels of salinity (3.5, 7.5 and 10.5 dS.m-1) with three replications per treatments were applied. In this experiment, media without organic amendment were considered as control.
 
Results
Results showed that increasing soil salinity levels progressively decreased the growth characteristics and nutrients uptake. The maximum leaf number, fresh and dry weight of flowers and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium absorption were obtained in cow manure treatment and EC = 3.5 dS.m-1, While the highest flower diameter was observed in sea algae treated plants (0.5 g.l-1) in media with EC = 7.5 dS.m-1. Salinity causes growth reduction due to the low osmotic potential of the medium and by a specific ion effect as a secondary cause in several vegetable crops.
 
Discussion
The results of the present study showed that the organic media can improve leaf number, crown diameter and fresh and dry weight of flowers. This can be due to increased media moisture storage and enhanced nutrient absorption. All treatments significantly increased growth characteristics of pot marigold compared to control. The positive effect of cow manure to nutrients uptake could be because of rich N, P, K compared to the others. According to the results, in normal conditions, pot marigold plant could tolerate salt stress until 7.5 dS.m-1 but by suitable media culture its threshold tolerate will be increased up to 10.5 dS.m-1. Also it was revealed that cow manure compared to other treatments could increase plant tolerate to salt stress and growth characteristics.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cow manure
  • Culture media
  • Sea algae
  • Vermicomposting
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 42، شماره 1
فروردین 1398
صفحه 89-102
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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