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ارزیابی صفات فیزیولوژیک بادام‌زمینی (Arachis hypogaea L.) در واکنش به سرزنی بوته‌ها و روش‌های کاربرد نانوکلات‌های روی و کلسیم

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

4 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران

چکیده

به ‌منظور ارزیابی اثر سرزنی بوته‌ها و مصرف عناصر روی و کلسیم و روش‌های کاربرد آن‌ها بر صفات فیزیولوژیک بادام‌زمینی در منطقه رشت، آزمایشی در بهار سال 1395 در مزرعه آزمایشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گیلان به‌صورت کرت‌های دو بار خرد‌شده با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل مصرف نانوکلات روی، نانوکلات کلسیم، استفاده تلفیقی از آن‌ها و عدم مصرف کود (شاهد) به‌عنوان کرت اصلی، روش کاربرد نانوکلات‌ها نظیر مصرف خاکی، محلول‌پاشی و کاربرد تلفیقی آن‌ها به‌عنوان کرت فرعی و سرزنی ساقه اصلی گیاه از ارتفاع 10 و 20 سانتی‌متر و عدم سرزنی (شاهد)، به‌عنوان کرت فرعی فرعی بود. در این آزمایش، بیشترین عملکرد دانه، عملکرد زیست‌توده، عملکرد میوه (غلاف) و تولید پوسته بادام‌زمینی تحت تأثیر کاربرد توام نانوکلات‌های روی و کلیسم به روش تلفیقی مصرف خاکی و محلول‌پاشی و سرزنی ساقه اصلی بادام‌زمینی از ارتفاع 20 سانتی‌متری به‌دست آمد. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه تر و علوفه خشک تحت شرایط کاربرد نانوکلات کلسیم به‌روش تلفیقی خاکی و محلول‌پاشی و سرزنی ساقه اصلی بادام‌زمینی از ارتفاع 10 سانتی‌متری مشاهده شد. ولی، بالاترین درصد غلاف‌های پوک در بوته و شاخص برداشت میوه در شرایط عدم سرزنی ساقه بادام‌زمینی به‌دست آمد. به‌نظر می‌رسد که کاربرد مجزای کلسیم می‌تواند رشد زایشی بادام‌زمینی را بهبود بخشد. ولی، کمبود عنصر روی در طول دوره رشد زایشی سبب افزایش تعداد غلاف‌های پوک به ‌دلیل کاهش احتمالی ظرفیت فتوسنتزی گیاه می‌شود. به‌طور‌کلی، کابرد توام نانوکلات‌های روی و کلسیم و روش تلفیقی کاربرد آن‌ها و سرزنی بوته‌های بادام‌زمینی از ارتفاع 20 سانتی‌متری سبب افزایش عملکرد میوه و دانه بادام‌زمینی در شرایط اقلیمی گیلان گردید.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Physiological Characteristics in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Response to Plant Cutting and Application Methods of Zn and Ca nano-Chelates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Nobahar 1
  • Marefat Mostafavi Rad 2
  • Hamid reza Zakerin 3
  • Saeed Sayfzadeh 3
  • Ali reza Valadabadi 4

1 Ph. D Student, Agronomy Depertment, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran

4 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Takestan Branch, Islamic Azad Uiversity, Takestan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
 
Background and Objectives
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important legume crops and it is rich in oil (47-53 %) and protein (25-36 %). Peanut has very high nutrient requirement. On the contrary severe mineral nutrient deficiency due to inadequate and imbalanced use of nutrients is one of the major factors responsible for low yield in peanut (Kabir et al., 2013). Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the production of biomass. Furthermore, Zn may be required for chlorophyll production, pollen function and fertilization (Kaya and Higgs, 2002; Pandey et al., 2006). Among the nutrients, Zn deficiency causes yield loss to the maximum of 40% in peanut (Arunachalam et al., 2013). Plant response to Zn deficiency occurs in terms of decrease in membrane integrity, susceptibility to heat stress, decreased synthesis of carbohydrates, cytochromes nucleotide, auxin and chlorophyll (Singh, 2007). Calcium (Ca) is required by peanut plants from the initial stage of pegs appearance until pods maturity. Ca deficiency aborts or shrivels fruit and leads to high percentage of empty pods. The comparison of the various methods of peanut plants fertilization is more important. Peanuts need full sun and topping of main stem in peanut plants could improve solar radiance penetration in to the canopy. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of plant topping, Zn and Ca nano-fertilizers and their application on peanut yield.
 
Materials and Methods
This experiment was carried out in 2016 cropping season as split split plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nano-chelates including nano-chelated Zn, nano-chelated Ca and simultaneous usage of nano-chelated Zn and nano-chelated Ca fertilizers and check as the main plots, the application of methods such as the soil utilization of nano-chelates, foliar application and integrated method of the soil utilization and foliar application of fertilizers as sub plots, and topping of the main stem at 10 and 20 centimeters above the floor and no topping as control comprised the experimental treatments.
 
Results
In this experiment, the highest seed yield, biological yield, fruit (pod) yield and peanut hull production were observed as affected by simultaneous usage of Zn and Ca nano- chelates, integrated method of the soil utilization and foliar application of Zn and Ca nano- chelates and topping of the main stem at 20 centimeters above the floor. The greatest fresh forage and hay yield was shown under simultaneous usage of Zn and Ca nono- chelates integrated method of the soil application and foliar spraying of Zn and Ca nano-chelates and topping of the main stem at 10 centimeters above the floor. But the highest percentage of hollow pods per plant and fruit harvest index were achieved under no topping of the peanut stem.
 
Discussion
It seems that dividing Ca nano-chelate application could improve peanut reproductive growth. But Zn deficiency during the reproductive growth enhanced hollow pod numbers due to probable photosynthetic capability increment of peanut plant.In general, simultaneous application of Zn and Ca nano-chelates and integrated methods of their usage and topping of the main stem at 20 centimeters above the floor increased fruit and grain yield of peanut under Guilan climatic condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agronomic traits
  • Nano-chelate
  • Photosynthetic capability
  • Radiance
  • Yield
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 4
اسفند 1397
صفحه 97-110
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هم رسانی
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