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بررسی پارامترهای مختلف فلورسانس کلروفیل علف‌هرز فالاریس (Phalaris minor) تحت تأثیر علف‌کش مزوسولفورون‌متیل + یدوسولفورون‌متیل

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد کاووس ، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

اندازه‌گیریفلورسانسکلروفیل،روشیغیرتخریبیوبسیارحساساستکهاطلاعاتمهمیدررابطهبادستگاهفتوسنتزگیاهبه‌دست می‎دهد. این پژوهش با هدف امکان‌سنجی بهره‎گیری از پارامترهای مهم فلورسانس کلروفیل در تشخیص زودهنگام اثرات تخریبی علف‎کش مزوسولفورن متیل + یدوسولفورون متیل قبل از بروز علایم ظاهری آن در علف‎هرز فالاریس انجام شد.آزمایش گلخانه‎ایبا شش تیمار وپنجتکرار، به صورت کاملاً تصادفی،جهتبررسیپارامترهایفلورسانسکلروفیل شامل Fvj (فلورسانس نسبی در مرحله J)، Fv/Fm (حداکثر کارایی عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم دو)، PI (شاخص فتوسنتز)و Area (حداکثر ظرفیت کوئینونی فتوسیستم دو) در فالاریستا هفتروزپسازپاششعلف‎کشمزوسولفورون ‌متیل + یدوسولفورون ‌متیل انجامشد.نتایج نشان داد که واکنش صفات Area و Fv/Fm به مصرف مزوسولفورون ‌متیل + یدوسولفورون‌ متیل آهسته بود؛ در حالی‎که صفات Fvj و PI واکنش سریعی نشان دادند. تقریباً از همان روز اول پس از سم‎پاشی دو صفت Fvj و PI کاهش محسوسی نشان دادند که این روند کاهشی در PI شدیدتر اما همراه با خطای استاندارد بیشتری نسبت به Fvj بود. با افزایش میزان علف‎کش مزوسولفورون ‌متیل+ یدوسولفورون‌ متیل، هر دو پارامتر PI و Fvj کاهش یافتند. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که این دو پارامتر PI و Fvj حساسیت ویژه‌ای به علف‎کش نشان دادند و قبل از ظهور علائم ظاهری علف‎کش تصویری از تأثیرات مخرب فیزیولوژیک آن در اختیار قرار دادند؛ به‌طوری‌که در روز هفتم مقادیر پارامترهای PI و Fvj به‌ترتیب 94 و 75 درصد کاهش نشان داد.

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عنوان مقاله [English]

Studying the Effect of Mesosulfuron Methyl + iodosulfuron Methyl on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Phalaris Minor

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Avarseji 1
  • E. Mohammadvand 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad Kavous University, Gonbad Kavous, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Measuring of chlorophyll fluorescence is a nondestructive and sensitive way to give important information about photosynthesis apparatus. Fluorescence spectrum is different from the absorbed one by chlorophyll and it has higher wave length so the fluorescence yield could be measured by exposing a leaf with a defined wave length of light and then quantifying the higher reflected wave. The purpose of this experiment was to make comparison among chlorophyll fluorescence important parameters for early prediction of destructive effects of mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl before revealing the symptoms of Phalaris minor.
Materials and Methods
A greenhouse experiment with five replications and six treatment based on completely randomized design was conducted to evaluate the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Phalaris minor sprayed by mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl up to seven days after spraying.Herbicide doses were 18, 12, 8, 5.3 and 3.5 g a. i./ha with an untreated treatment as control. Herbicide was applied at three leaf stage of Phalaris minor with MATABI elegance plus sprayer equipped by tee-jet 8001 nozzle at 300 kpa pressure. Fluorescence measurements were conducted by Handy PEA fluorimeter that flashes a wave length of 650 nm at 300 μ mol/m2.s intensity during 10 seconds on dark adapted leaf one day after spraying at 10 a.m. every day until seven days after spraying.
Results
The results indicated that Fv/Fm and Area parameters showed slow response to mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl application whereas Fvj and PI showed a fast reaction. Approximately from the first day after spraying the two mentioned parameters drastic reduction happened which was more intense but with bigger standard errors in PI compared to Fvj. with an increase in mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl dose both PI and Fvj parameters were decreased.
Discussion
It could be concluded that these two parameters show special sensitivity to the mesosulfuron methyl + iodosulfuron methyl application and before the symptoms of the herbicide appears, they give a picture of physiological destructive effects of the herbicide.Whereas the Fvj parameters during all seven days after spraying shows a steady reduction with low standard errors, PI index shows reduction with higher standard errors which make the Fvj parameters more reliable. The two Fv/Fm and Area which were repeatedly reported as a sensitive factor to the stresses at this experiment were not appropriate indices. The common dose response methods of herbicide can be replaced by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements and it can offer fast, accurate, and an important information about herbicide efficiency very fast and accurate.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area
  • Fvj
  • Fv/Fm
  • PI
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 3
آذر 1397
صفحه 63-72
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هم رسانی
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