تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

بررسی تنوع صفات مورفولوژیکی، فنولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی برخی از ژنوتیپ‌های پیاز (Allium cepa L.) جنوب و مرکز ایران از نظر مقاومت به بولتینگ

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اصلاح نباتات، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

گل‌دهی یکی از مراحل اصلی تولید بذر به شمار می‌رود، ولی تشکیل شاخه گل‌دهنده در زمان تولید سوخ پیاز باعث کاهش کیفیت و کمیت محصول می‌شود. بنابراین مطالعه نحوه بروز این پدیده، شرایط محیطی مؤثر و عوامل تحریک‌کننده آن جهت شناسایی ژنوتیپ‌های مقاوم به بولتینگ، مهم است. با هدف بررسی تنوع ژنوتیپ‌های پیاز مرکز و جنوب کشور از نظر گل‌دهی، بذور ۶ ژنوتیپ پیاز بومی ایران (دریافتی از بانک ژن مؤسسه اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر کرج)، ۱۰ توده بومی جمع‌آوری‌شده از مناطق مختلف مرکز و جنوب کشور و نیز دو ژنوتیپ تجاری خارجی در شرایط گلدانی در گلخانه دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه یاسوج کشت شدند. گیاهان به‌دست آمده پس از رسیدن به مرحله هشت برگی، به مدت 45 و 70 روز تحت تیمار دمایی با میانگین 8 درجه سانتی‌گراد قرار گرفتند. سپس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیکی، فنولوژیکی و فیزیولوژیکی آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری شدند. طبق نتایج تجزیه واریانس، برای تمامی صفات اندازه‌گیری‌شده تفاوت معنی‌داری بین همه ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه وجود داشت که حاکی از وجود تنوع بالا در ژنوتیپ‌های مورد مطالعه برای این صفات است، همچنین اثر ژنوتیپ و تیمار برای صفات ارتفاع بوته، درصد گل‌دهی، مواد جامد محلول کل برگ و پروتئین محلول کل برگ معنی‌دار بود. در این مطالعه، ژنوتیپ کرمان به‌عنوان مقاوم‌ترین ژنوتیپ به بولتینگ در هر دو تیمار بهاره‌سازی شناسایی شد. پس از آن ژنوتیپ‌های قلعه‌رئیسی، گلدن و گاردسکو با درصد ناچیزی گل‌دهی بیشترین تحمل به بولتینگ را نشان دادند. ژنوتیپ بادرود نیز بیشترین حساسیت به بولتینگ را داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Morphological, Phonological and Physiological Diversity of Some Center and South Iranian Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes as Regards Bolting Resistance

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. M. Zarrin 1
  • A. Masoumiasl 2

1 M.Sc. Student of Plant Breeding, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
After the potato and tomato, onion production is in the third place in world, but planting it in the fall season is faced with the problem of bolting. Although flower production is one of the main stages of seed production, flowering branches formation by consuming foods stored in the bulb reduces the quality and quantity of products. Critical size of plants for stimulating the production of flowering branches depends on genotype (Brewster, 1985). Temperature requirement for stimulating flower production varies between 5 and 12 degree Centigrade (Khokhar et al., 2007; Wiebe, 1990; Brewster, 1982). Thus, studying how this phenomenon, effective environmental conditions and its inducing factors for identifying bolting resistant genotypes is considered important.
Materials and Methods
The seeds of six Iranian landraces genotypes of onion including Lorestan, Qom, Tehran, Kerman, Hormozgan and Sistan (received from Iranian Gene Bank, Karaj), 10 indigenous genotypes collected from different regions of the center and south of Iran, as well as two foreign commercial cultivars were planted in pots in the greenhouse condition. After reaching the eight leaf stage, plants were transferred to the cold room. The average temperature of cold room was 8 °C and photoperiod was 11 hours brightness to simulate winter condition. To evaluate cold requirement for bolting, two different treatment times (45 and 70 days) were considered. After that treatment, pots were transferred to the greenhouse. Some morphological, phonological and physiological traits were measured.
Results
According to results of analysis of variance, differences of all traits between all studied genotypes were significant showing high variability in genotypes. Also, the effect of genotype and treatment for plant height, flowering percentage, total leaf soluble solids and total leaf soluble protein was significant. In this study, Kerman genotype was identified as the most resistance genotype to bolting in both treatments. Then Ghale Reiysi, Golden and Badrood genotypes, with the small flowering percentage showed the highest resistance to bolting. Badrood genotype had the highest sensitivity to bolting.
Discussion
Kazemi Shahandashti et al. (2011) suggested that cold treatment inhibits cell division so the temperature decrease leads to stoping the growth and changing the synthesis of proteins. However, in some plants during the cold treatment, adaptability to cold is normal and higher height in some genotypes can be attributed to cold adaptability of them. These results generally reflect the diversity between genotypes in terms of flower production and indicate that in line with other studies (Darabi, 2010), the flower production reduced weight, length, diameter and volume of bulb. In general, increase in total soluble solids can be considered as a physiological index for resistance to bolting.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flowering
  • Genetic diversity
  • Leaf soluble solids
  • Protein
مراجع
Abdmishani, S. and Shah Nejat Boushehri, A. A. (2008). Advanced plant breeding. (2 ed.). Tehran: Tehran University Press. [In Farsi]
Ahmadi Moshgenani, F., Nasr Esfahani, M. and Ebrahimi, M. A. (2015). Genetic diversity of Iranian onion genotypes using RAPD marker. Modern Genetic Journal, 10(2), 299-303. [In Farsi]
Alemzadeh Ansari, N. (2010). Onion. (1 ed.). Ahvaz: Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz Press. [In Farsi]
Aminpoor, R. and Jafari, A. (1999). Principles and fundamentals of onion seed production. Esfahan: Jahad e Keshvarzi organization of Esfahan province Press. [In Farsi]
Arshi, Y. (2000). Genetically breeding of crop vegetables. Mashhad: Jahad daneshgahi of Mashhad Press. [In Farsi]
Atici, O., Jim, R. and Nalbantoglu, B. (2003). Antifreeze proteins in higher plants. Phytochemist, 64(7), 1187-1196.
Azimi, M., Masiha, S., Mogaddam, M. and Valizadeh, M. (1999). Assessment genetic diversity of Iranian landraces of onion (Allium cepa L.). Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources Journal, 3(4), 15-25. [In Farsi]
Baghban Sirous, Sh., Kashi, A. K., Khalighi, A., Pasban Eslam, B. and Alizadeh Oskouei, P. (2011). Inspection of some morphological and physiological traitsin twelve Iranian onion populations (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Plant Production, 18 (1), 89-104. [In Farsi]
Bradford, M. M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantites of protein for the utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry Journals, 72(1-2), 248-257.
Brewster, J. L. (1983). Effects of photoperiod, nitrogen nutrition and temperature on inflorescence initiation and development in Onion (Allium cepa L.). Annuals of Botany, 51(4), 429-440.
Brewster, J. L. (1985). The influence of seedling size and carbohydrate status and of photon flux density during vernalization on inflorescence initiation in onion (AIlium cepa L.). Annuals of Botany, 55(3), 403-414.
Brewster, J. L. (1987). Vernalization in the onion a quantitive approach. In J. D. Atherton. (Ed.), The manipulation of flowering (pp. 171-183). England, London: Butterworths.
Darabi, A. (2010). Effects of selection and selfing on agronomical characteristics of progeny lines from behbahan landrace onion. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 26(3), 383-396. [In Farsi]
Dehdari, A., Rezaei A. and Mobli, M. (2001). Evaluation morphological, agronomic characteristics and grouping some Iranian landraces of onion (Allium cepa L.). Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural resources Journal, 2(16), 109-124 [In Farsi]
Farshadfar, E (1998). Application of biometrical genetics in plant breeding. Kermanshah: Razit University Press. [In Farsi]
Ghannadha, M. R., Zahravi, M. and Vahdati, K. (2003). Horticultural plant breeding. (1 ed.). Tehran: Dibagaran Press. [In Farsi]
Kar, M. and Mishra, D. (1976). Catalase, Peroxidase and polyphenolxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology Journal, 57(2), 315-319.
Kazemi Shahandashti, S. S., Amiri Maali, R. and Mansoor, O. (2011). Role of cold shock proteins in cell response to low temperature stress. Genetic in Thid Millennium, 9(2), 2421-2431. [In Farsi]
Landcaster, J. E., Triggs, C. M. and Barrett, L. (1986). Towards a prediction of yield, bulb size and time to maturity in onion crops. Proceedings of Annual Conference of Agronomy Science, 16, 101-105.
Liu, X. and Huang, B. (2000). Heat stress injury in relation to membrane lipid peroxidation in creeping. Crop Science Journal, 40(2), 503-510.
Mirmohammadi Meybodi, A. M. and Tarkash Esfahani, S. (2004). Physiological aspects and crop breeding for chilling and freezing stresses. Tehran: Golbon Press. [In Farsi]
Mobli, M., Dehdari, A. and Rezaei, A. (2002). Genetic diversity and relationship between physiological and agronomic characteristics of Iranian landraces of onion (Allium cepa L.). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 2(3-4), 109-124. [In Farsi]
Stansfield, W. D. (1991). Theory and Problems in Genetics. New York: McGraw-Hill Press.
Streck, N. (2003). A vernalization model in onion (Allium cepa L.). Revista Brasileira de Agrociencia, 9(2), 99-105.
Tayafeh Soltankhani, A. M. and Khodadadi, M. (2010). Onion, planting, growing and harvesting. Tehran: Danesh Negar Press. [In Farsi]
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 117-131
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار