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ارزیابی تحمل به شوری دانهال‌های پسته با بررسی رشد، آسیب‌های اکسیداتیو و ترکیب عناصر معدنی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شور شدن زمین‌های مناطق مرکزی ایران سبب محدود شدن کشت و تولید پسته در طی دهه اخیر شده است. در این پژوهش دانهال‌های پسته قزوینی و اکبری و یک هیبرید بین گونه‌ای قزوینی × آتلانتیکا تحت تیمار غلظت‌های کلریدسدیم (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار) در محلول غذایی هوگلند نیم غلظت قرار داده شدند. در انتهای دوره آزمایش، شاخص‌های رشد، غلظت رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی، شاخص پایداری غشاء، و عناصر معدنی غذایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. تنش شوری به‌صورت معنی‌داری رشد گیاهان را محدود نمود. بیشترین و کمترین حجم ریشه و میانگین تعداد برگ به ترتیب در دانهال‌های پسته اکبری و قزوینی × آتلانتیکا مشاهده شد. سطح برگ دانهال‌های اکبری در مقایسه با دیگر دانهال‌ها بیشتر بود. همچنین در اثر تنش شوری غلظت کلروفیل کل، شاخص پایداری غشاء، نسبت کلروفیل به کاروتنوئیدها و شاخص سبزینگی برگ به‌صورت معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. به گونه‌ای که در مقایسه با شاهد، کمترین میزان این شاخص‌ها در سطح 150 میلی‌مولار تنش کلریدسدیم مشاهده شد. با افزایش غلظت کلرید سدیم، غلظت سدیم در شاخساره و ریشه به‌صورت معنی‌داری افزایش یافت و کاهش معنی‌داری در غلظت پتاسیم و کلسیم در اندام‌های گیاه مشاهده گردید. از طرفی در این شرایط، نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم و نسبت سدیم به کلسیم در شاخساره و ریشه دانهال‌های پسته افزایش یافت. کمترین نسبت سدیم به پتاسیم و کمترین نسبت سدیم به کلسیم در دانهال‌های قزوینی × آتلانتیکا مشاهده شد. در مجموع، پسته اکبری با توجه به حفظ قدرت رشد، ریزش برگ کمتر و آسیب‌های محدودتر، متحمل‌ترین ژنوتیپ معرفی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Screening Salt Tolerance in Pistachio Seedlings by Evaluating Growth, Oxidative Damages and Mineral Composition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Mirfattahi 1
  • M.R. Roozban 2
  • S. Karimi 2
  • V. Tavallali 3
  • S. Aliniaeifard 2

1 M.Sc. student of Horticultural Science, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Salinization of the central lands of Iran has had limited pistachio cultivation and production during the recent decade.
Materials and Methods
In this study, seedlings of Pistacia vera ‘Akbari’ and ‘Ghazvini’, and an interspecific hybrid of P. vera ‘Ghazvini’ × P. atlantica (G × A)were subjected to different NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) in half strength Hoagland’s solution for 90 days.
Results
Salt stress significantly reduced growth of the plants. The highest and the lowest root volumes were observed in ‘Akbari’ and G×A respectively. The leaf area of ‘Akbari’ seedlings was significantly higher than the other genotypes under salt stress. Moreover, salt stress significantly reduced total chlorophylls, membrane stability index, the ratio of chlorophyll: carotenoid and greenness of the leaves. In comparison to the control, the lowest values of the mentioned parameters were observed under 150 mM NaCl stress. By increasing NaCl concentration in the growing medium, concentration of Na+ significantly increased in shoot and root and significant decrease in K+ and Ca2+ concentration was observed in the shoot and root. Accordingly, Na+: K+ and Na+:Ca2+ ratios in the root and shoot were increased. The lowest Na+: K+ and Na+:Ca2+  ratioswere found in G×A.
Discussion
According to the capability of preserving vigor, and the lowest leaf abscission and oxidative damages under salt stress, pistachio ‘Akbari’ was introduced as the most salt tolerant genotype among the studied genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcium
  • Carotenoids
  • Hoagland’s solution
  • Leaf area
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Total chlorophylls
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 13-28
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هم رسانی
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