تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

تأثیر سطوح مختلف پلوییدی بر قابلیت باروری دانه‌گرده، جوانه‌زنی بذر و نشاپذیری گیاهچه تولیدی بادمجان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه تولیدات گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربت حیدریه، تربت حیدریه، ایران

2 استادیار‌، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

 
به منظور بررسی اثر اتوتتراپلوییدی در گیاه بادمجان (Solanum melongenaL.)، بر قابلیت باروری، تعداد روز تا تشکیل میوه، سرعت و درصد جوانه‌زنی بذر و نشاپذیری؛ آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی برروی چهار رقم کشتزار، یلدا، چاه‌بلند و پاسارگاد انجام گرفت. در آزمایشی جداگانه و در سه تکرار اندازه‌گیری درصد و سرعت جوانه‌زنی در هر رقم و سطح پلوییدی انجام گرفت. بذور تتراپلویید از گیاهان اتوتتراپلویید که با تیمار کلشیسین به‌دست آمده ‌بودند، تهیه شدند. برای مقایسه صفات بین سطوح مختلف پلوییدی موجود، بذرها در شرایط گلخانه‌ای در تخته پرورش نشا، کشت‌شده و درصد و سرعت ظهور گیاهچه محاسبه گردید. با گذر از دوره دانهالی، نشاها به گلخانه با بستر خاکی منتقل شدند. از زمان کشت بذرها در جعبه کاشت، سرعت نمو مراحل مختلف نونهالی (دو برگی شدن، چهار برگی شدن)، اندازه‌گیری شد. تعداد روز تا تشکیل میوه، خصوصیات بذر و دانهال و سرعت نمو در مراحل دانهالی به‌طور معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 5 درصد تحت تأثیر تغییرات ‌القا‌شده در تعداد دسته‌جات کروموزومی ‌بودند. رنگ‌آمیزی دانه‌های گرده با استوکارمن به منظور تعیین درصد باروری آن‌ها نشان‌داد که با افزایش سطح پلوییدی، قابلیت باروری دانه‌های گرده در سطح احتمال 5 درصد افزایش می‌یابد. در تلاش برای تولید گیاهان تری‌پلویید، هیچ یک از تلاقی‌های انجام‌شده بین دو فرم دیپلویید و تتراپلویید موفقیت‌آمیز نبوده و میوه‌ای تشکیل نگردید.
تتراپلویید، سرعت نمو، کلشیسین

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Different Ploidy Levels on Pollen Grain Fertility, Seed Germination and Seedling Transplanting Ability of Eggplant

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Kaveh 1
  • H. Neamati 2

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Torbat Heydarieh, Torbat Heydarieh, Iran

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is an economically important crop with a wide range of fruit shapes and colors. Breeding programs in eggplant focus mainly on fruit quality. Production of commercial triploid cultivars and emission of seeds in fruits may increase acceptability by consumer and increase fruit quality. Induced tetraploidy and cross between di and tetraploid parental line is a conventional method used in different fruits and vegetables like watermelon. The current study aim to find how may induced tetraploidy affect pollen grain quality, its fertility, seed and transplant vigor in different eggplant cultivars.
Materials and Methods
Aiming to investigate autotetraploidy in four qultivars of Solanum melongena L., Keshtzar, Yalda, Chahboland and Passargad on fertility, number of days till fruit-set, germination rate and percentage and successful transplanting percentage, a survey was done in a completely randomized design. Tetraploid plants were derived from seed maceration/shoot tip treatment (0.5, 1 and 2 percent of colchicine). To ensure ploidy level, chromosome counting of root tips and flow-cytometry was done during the experiment. To quantify germination percentage and rate, 15 seeds of each cultivar in each ploidy level were placed in petri-dishes in three replications. The seeds of each ploidy form were sown in seedling trays and after seedling period, plugs were transplanted in field for evaluation of characteristics in different ploidy levels. Growth and development rate of plant in seedling stage observed since seeds were cultivated. As soon as hypocotyl appeared on the surface, they were counted. Then seedling emergence and rate were calculated. To test viability of pollen grains, they were stained using acetocarmen. In order to find best parental lines, 18 plants from each cultivar and in each ploidy level were cultivated in the greenhouse condition in three replications. Then all plants were crossed competley (direct and reciprocal). Di and tetraploid plants were tested to find out which one would be better as which parent.
Results
Number of days till fruit-set, characteristics of seed and seedling and growth rate in seedling stage were significantly (P≤5%) influenced by changes on levels of poloidy. Pollen grain staining with acetocarmine for evaluation of fertility percentage in pollen grains showed that with an increase in ploidy level, fertility may significantly increase (P≤5%). In an effort to triploid plant production, none of the crosses between di and tetraploid plant could bear fruit.
Discussion
With the overall results, despite slower growth, can be tetraploid plant, due to improved germination and seedling emergence, survival and reproductive capabilities, higher transplanting success in this category of plants, induced increase in the number of chromosomal bundles can be considered as a good way to create genetic variation and prepare parental lines with desirable traits for use in the breeding programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Development rare
  • Colchicine
  • Tetraploidy
مراجع
Adachi, Y., Komori, S., Hoshikawa, Y., Tanaka, N., Abe, K., Bessho, H., Watanabe, M. and Suzuki, A. (2009). Characteristics of fruiting and pollen tube growth of apple autotetraploid cultivars showing self-compatibility. Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science, 78(4), 402-409.
Aversano, R., Caruso, I., Aronne, G., De Micco, V., Scognamiglio, N. and Carputo, D. (2013). Stochastic changes affect Solanum wild species following autopolyploidization. Journal of Experimental Botany, 64(2), 625-635.
Blakeslee A. F. and Avery, A. G. (1937. Methods of inducing doubling of chromosomes in plants. Journal of Heredity, 28(12), 393-411.
Bretagnolle, F., Thompson, J. D. and Lumaret, R. (1995). The influence of seed size variation on seed germination and seedling vigour in diploid and tetraploid Dactylis glomerata L. Annals of Botany, 76(6), 607-615.
Dhawan, O. P. and Lavania, U. C. (1996). Enhancing the productivity of secondary metabolites via induced polyploidy: A review. Euphytica, 87(2), 81-89.
Dijkstra, H. and Speckman G. I. (1980). Autotetraploidy in Caraway (Carum carvi L.) for the increase of the aetheric oil content of seed. Euphytica, 29(1), 89-96.
Dirks, R., Petrus Adrianus Roeland Voermans, W., Oosterwijk, S. A. M., Henrikus Jacobus Van, D. E. J., Pieter, J. and Haanstra, W. (2010). Google Patent: Seedless triploid eggplant EP 2247177 A. Retrieved from http://www.google.com/patents/EP2247177A1?cl=en (Access may 2017).
Gonzalez, L. D. J. and Weathers, P. J. (2003) Tetraploid Artemisia annua hairy roots produce more artemisinin than diploids. Plant Cell Reports, 21(8), 809-813.
Isshiki, S. and Taura, T. (2003). Fertility restoration of hybrids between Solanum melongena L. and S. aethiopicum L. Gilo Group by chromosome doubling and cytoplasmic effect on pollen fertility. Euphytica, 134(2), 195-201.
Kaveh, H., Vatandoost Jartoodeh, S., Aruee, H. and Mazhabi, M. (2011). Would trichoderma affect seed germination and seedling quality of two muskmelon cultivars, Khatooni and Qasri and increase their transplanting success?. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences, 5(15), 169-175.
Kondorosi, E., Roudier, F. and Gendreau, E. (2000). Plant cell-size control: Growing by ploidy?. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 3(6), 488-492.
Lavania, U. C. (2005). Genomic and ploidy manipulation for enhanced production of phyto-pharmaceuticals. Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, 3(2), 170-177.
Levin, S. A. (1983). Coevolution. In Population biology (pp. 328-334). Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.
Medina, D. M., da Cruz, N. D., Longo, C. R. L., Conagin, C. H. T. M. and Azzini, L. E. (1972). Poliploidização em berinjela (Solanum melongena L.): II - Observacoes em plantas resultantes de tratamentos com colquicina. Bragantia, Campinas, 31(24), 289-310.
Milo, J., Levy, A., Palevitch, D. and Ladizinsky, G. (1987). Thebaine content and yield in induced tetraploid and triploid plants of Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Euphytica, 36(2), 361-367.
Omidbaigi, R., Mirzaee, M., Hassani, M. E. and Sedghi Moghadam, M. (2010a). Induction and identification of polyploidy in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) medicinal plant by colchicine treatment. International Journal of Plant Production, 4(2), 87-98.
Omidbaigi, R., Yavari, S., Hassani, M. E. and Yavari, S. (2010b). Induction of autotetraploidy in dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) by colchicine treatment. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 18(1), 23-35.
Rauf, S., Ahmad Khan, I. and Ahmad Khan, F. (2006). Colchicine-induced tetraploidy and changes in allele frequencies in colchicine-treated populations of diploids assessed with RAPD markers in Gossypium arboretum L. Turkish Journal of Biology, 30, 93-100.
Rey, H. Y., Sansberro, P. A., Collavino, M. M., Davina, J. R., Gonzalez, A. M. and Mroginski, L. A. (2002). Colchicine, trifluralin, and oryzalin promoted development of somatic embryos in Ilex paraguariensis. Euphytica, 123(1), 49-56.
Shao, J. and Chen, C. (2003). In vitro induction of tetraploid in pomegranate (Punica granatum). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 75(3), 241-246.
Stebbins, G. L. (1984). Polyploidy and the distribution of the arctic-alpine flora: New evidence and a new approach. Botanica Helvetica, 94(1), 1-13.
Ye, Y. M. and Tong, J. (2010). Morphological and cytological studies of diploid and colchicine-induced tetraploid lines of crape myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 124(1), 95-101.
Zhang, W. and Hao, H. (2010). Tetraploid muskmelon alters morphological characteristics and improves fruit quality. Scientia Horticulturae, 125(3), 396-400.
تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 1-12
فایل ها
هم رسانی
ارجاع به این مقاله
آمار