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بررسی تجمع سدیم در برگ‌های ارقام حساس و متحمل به شوری گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، همدان، ایران

چکیده

انتقال مقادیر اندک سدیم به اندام هوایی و تحمل غلظت‌های بالای املاح در برگ از طریق محفظه‌بندی سدیم در واکوئل دو مکانیسم مهم تحمل به شوری در گیاهان می‌باشد. به منظور درک مکانیسم‌های تحمل به شوری و الگوی تجمع یون سدیم در برگ‌ها، سه رقم گندم نان (کویر، مهدوی و تجن) که از لحاظ مقاومت به شوری متفاوت بودند در چهار سطح شوری (صفر، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار کلرید سدیم) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. آزمایش در سال 1394 به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی و با سه تکرار اجرا شد. در واکنش به افزایش شوری، سدیم برگ‌ها پس از 14 روز در همه ارقام افزایش یافت، اما غلظت آن در رقم حساس تجن بیش از ارقام متحمل کویر و مهدوی بود. اختلاف معنی‌داری در سرعت رشد نسبی و نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه بین ارقام مختلف مشاهده نشد. نتایج نشان داد که اختلاف بین ارقام در انتقال سدیم موجب تفاوت در غلظت سدیم اندام هوایی می‌باشد. غلظت سدیم ریشه در همه ارقام یکسان بود اما ارقام متحمل دارای مقدار بیشتری از نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم اندام هوایی بودند. وزن خشک اندام هوایی به‌طور معنی‌داری در شوری 150 میلی‌مولار کاهش یافت اما مقدار این کاهش در همه ارقام تقریباً مشابه بود. به نظر می‌رسد اثر مهم شوری بر وزن خشک اندام هوایی به دلیل تأثیر اسمزی املاح می‌باشد نه اثرات ویژه یونی در داخل گیاه. نتایج نشان داد رقم کویر دارای تحمل بیشتری نسبت به غلظت‌های بالای سدیم در برگ‌ها بوده و رقم مهدوی نیز نسبت به دو رقم دیگر دارای کمترین غلظت سدیم در برگ‌ها بود. در نهایت مقایسه ارقام نشان داد که حداقل دو مکانیسم مهم تحمل به شوری در گندم وجود دارد. اول میزان پایین تجمع سدیم در اندام هوایی و دوم تحمل غلظت‌های بالای سدیم توسط بافت‌ها.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Sodium Accumulation in Leaves of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) Cultivars Differing in Salt Tolerance

نویسنده [English]

  • V. Atlassi Pak

Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Hamedan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Two main mechanisms for salt tolerance in plants are low rate of salt transport to shoots and tolerance of high leaf salt concentrations by sequestration of Na+ within cells vacuoles. Recently research for genetic variation in Na+ accumulation within bread wheat has revealed large variation in leaf Na+ concentration. The control of Na+ accumulation in leaf is an important physiological process conferring salt tolerance to wheat. Many studies have shown that low sodium concentration in leaves correlate with salt tolerance. Sodium concentration in leaves may be influenced by sodium uptake by roots and transport from root to shoot.
Materials and Methods
In order to understand the salt tolerance mechanisms and the pattern of Na+ accumulation, 3 bread wheat cultivars differing in salt tolerance (Kavir, Mahdavi and Jajan), were evaluated through two factorial experiments based on completely randomized design in three replications. Experiment 1 used 3 cultivars (Kavir, Mahdavi and Jajan) with four salt treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl) and experiment 2 used three cultivars (Kavir, Mahdavi and Jajan) with two salt treatments (0 and 150 mM NaCl).
Results
Leaf Na+ concentration of genotypes was increased in response to increasing salinity after 14 days but Na+ concentration was greater in sensitive genotype (Tajan) than tolerant genotypes (Kavir and Mahdavi). There were no significant differences between genotypes in RGR and shoot: root ratio. Results showed that the differences between genotypes in Na+ transport were responsible for differences in shoot Na+ concentrations. Na+ concentration in the root of all genotypes was the same but salt tolerant genotypes maintained higher K+: Na+ ratio in shoot. Shoot biomass was significantly reduced at 150 mM NaCl, whereas this reduction was almost the same for all genotypes. Kavir had the highest ability to tolerate high leaf tissue concentrations of Na+ and leaf Na+ concentrations were much lower in Mahdavi than two other cultivars.
Discussion
It seems that the major effect of salinity on shoot biomass was due to the osmotic effect of salt, not due to Na+-specific effects within the plant. Differences in Na+ transport rates from roots to shoots may cause different patterns of sodium accumulation through time. The comparison of genotypes suggests that at least there are two main mechanisms for salt tolerance in hexaploid wheat. One is a lower rate of Na+ accumulation in shoot and the other is tolerance of tissue to high concentrations of Na+.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Osmotic effect
  • Relative growth rate
  • Na+ transport
  • wheat
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 43-56
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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