نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کشاورزی‌، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار‌‌، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار‌، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
گیاه مرزه رشینگری متعلق به خانواده نعناعیان یکی از گونه‌های مرزه انحصاری ایران است که به دلیل داشتن کارواکرول در صنایع دارویی استفاده آن رو به گسترش می‌باشد. پس از غربالگری اولیه جمعیت‌های این گیاه، 58 ژنوتیپ که سازگاری مناسبی به شرایط مزرعه داشتند انتخاب و کلون گردیدند. به‌ منظور بررسی صفات مرفولوژیکی و عملکردی این کلون‌ها در شرایط اقلیمی دزفول، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. صفات مرفولوژیکی و عملکرد ی کلون‌ها در سال دوم کشت و در مرحله گلدهی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از تجزیه واریانس  نشان داد که در بین 58 کلون از نظر تمامی صفات در سطح یک درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری وجود دارد. صفات ارتفاع بوته بین 83/27 تا 50/71 سانتی‌متر، وزن تر بوته بین 26/20 تا 71/289 گرم در بوته، وزن خشک گل و برگ بین 05/4 تا 83/62 گرم در بوته و عملکرد اسانس بین 07/0 تا 54/1 گرم در بوته در بین کلون‌ها متنوع بود. همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار بین صفت وزن برگ و گل با صفات ارتفاع بوته، تعداد شاخه اصلی و فرعی، عرض برگ، سطح مقطع بوته، وزن تر گیاه، وزن خشک گیاه و عملکرد اسانس مشاهده شد. براساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه کلاستر، 58 کلون مرزه رشینگری در دو گروه اصلی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه به عامل‌ها نشان داد که سه عامل اول توانستند 62/70 درصد از کل واریانس را توجیه نمایند. کلون‌های Z28، Z19، K48، E7، H82، F14، G48 از نظر صفات وزن برگ و گل خشک و عملکرد اسانس در بین کلون‌ها، برتر بودند و برای کشت تجاری در منطقه دزفول توصیه می شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Survey on Diversity of Morphological and Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gh. Eghlima 1
  • J. Hadian 2
  • A.R. Motallebi Azar 3

1 M.Sc. Graduate of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been recently used 
Abstract
Background and Objectives
Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been recently used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its high level of carvacrol in the essential oil. In order to select suitable clones for commercial cultivation in Dezful climatic conditions, in this study morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones of Satureja rechingeri were evaluated.
Materials and Methods
After initial screening of plant populations, 58 genotypes were selected based on their adaptation into field conditions. To evaluate the morphological and biological production traits of these clones in Dezful climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones were evaluated in the second year of cultivation at the flowering stage.
Results
Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all studied traits (p< 0.01) among 58 clones. The most important traits varied in terms of plant height (27.83-71.50 cm), fresh weight (20.26-289.71 g/p), flower and leaf weight (4.05 to 83.62 g/p), and plant oil yields (0.07 to 1.54 g/p). Flowers and leaf dry weight had a significant and positive correlation with plant height, number of the main branches and lateral branches, leaf width, plant diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and essential oil yield. Cluster analysis grouped the 58 clones within two main groups. Factor analysis showed that three main factors justified 70.62 percent of the whole variation. Clones of Z28, Z19, K48, E7, H82, F14 and G48 were superior with regard to weight of dry leaves, flowers and essential oil yield.
Discussion
Superior S. rechingeri clones could be used for commercial cultivation in Dezful climate conditions. The most important biological production traits, yield of leaf and flower fraction, essential oil content and yield showed significant variation between clones. These variations could be used to breed high-quality and desirable cultivars for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • Morphological diversity
  • Principle coordinate analysis
  • Satureja rechingeri
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