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اهداف و چشم انداز

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تأثیر زمان برداشت و شوری خاک بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی علوفه پنج رقم یونجه (Medicago sativa L.) در اهواز

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، گروه زراعت، پردیس علوم و تحقیقات خوزستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران

3 مربی پژوهشی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

جهت بررسی تأثیر زمان‎های مختلف برداشت بر خصوصیات مختلف ارقام گرمسیری یونجه، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 91-90 به‌صورت کرت‎های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با 4 تکرار در شرایط خاک شور با هدایت‌الکتریکی 5/7 دسی‎زیمنس ‎بر ‎متر در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان اجرا گردید. کرت‎های اصلی ارقام مختلف یونجه شامل مساسرسا، بغدادی، نیک‌شهری و بمی و زمان‎های برداشت در ماه‎های شهریور، مهر و آذر (به‌ترتیب چین تابستانه، پاییزه اول و پاییزه دوم، در مجموع سه‎چین هم‌چنین مرحله رشدی برداشت بر مبنای 15-10 درصد گل‎دهی برای چین‎های تابستانه و چین پاییزه اول و ارتفاع جوانه پای طوقه (8-6 سانتی‌متر) برای چین پاییزه دوم بود) به کرت‎های فرعی تعلق گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد ارقام مورد آزمایش از نظر بیشتر صفات به غیر از نسبت برگ به ساقه، غلظت کلسیم و نسبت سدیم به کلسیم تفاوت معنی‎دار با یکدیگر داشتند. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک به رقم بغدادی در چین سوم تعلق داشت (93/4 تن در هکتار). کمترین درصد فیبر گیاه در چین سوم (پاییزه دوم) در ارقام بمی و مساسرسا به‌ترتیب با میانگین‎های 32/21 و 35/21 مشاهده شد که تفاوت معنی‎داری با یکدیگر نداشتند. بررسی نسبت سدیم به کلسیم نشان داد بیشترین و کمترین مقدار این صفت به‌ترتیب به رقم مساسرسا در چین پاییزه اول و به رقم بمی در چین تابستانه تعلق داشت. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، در میان ارقام مورد مطالعه، رقم‎های مساسرسا و بغدادی و در میان چین‎ها نیز چین دوم پاییزه وضعیت مناسب‎تری داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment Effect of Cutting Time and Soil Salinity on Quality and Quantity Forage Yield of Five Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Varieties under Ahvaz Condition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Nekoyanfar 1
  • Sh. Lack 2
  • Gh.R. Abadouz 3

1 Graduate of M.Sc. Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

3 Research Instructor, Seed and Plant Improvement Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
The cutting schedule imposes strong effects on yield and forage quality of alfalfa varieties. In Khuzestan province (south west of Iran), there are many influential factors on alfalfa cutting time such as temperature, sunlight duration, height of water table and amounts of salts in soil. The aim of this research was to evaluate forage production in continuous cuttings of alfalfa varieties in saline soils of Ahvaz conditions.
Materials and Methods
In order to study the effect of cutting time on quantitative and qualitative yield of alfalfa varieties an experiment was carried out as split plots in time, based on randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with four replications in saline soil (Electrical conductivity=7.5 ds.m-1) at the research farm of Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2011 and 2012 crop seasons. The main plot included varieties (Mesasirca, Baghdadi, Nikshahri and Bami) and the sub plot included three cutting times (23 Aug., 1 Oct. and 20 Dec.). These cutting times characterized, summer cut, first autumn cut and second autumn cut. Nine traits including Fresh Forage yield, Dry Forage yield, Leaf stem Ratio, Crude protein, Crude fiber, Na concentration in plant, Ca concentration in plant, Na/Ca were determined. Concentrations of Na and Ca in plant were assessed by using flame photometer.
Results
The results of ANOVA showed that genotypes had a significant effect on all of traits, except Leaf Stem ratio, Ca concentration in plan, Na /Ca. The highest dry forage yield (4.93 t.ha-1) and fresh forage yield (15.15 t.ha-1) belonged to Baghdadi in the second autumn cut. The lowest Crude Fiber percentage was owned by Bami in the second autumn cut (21.32%) and Mesasirca in the second autumn cut (21.35%) which did not have a significant difference with each other. The highest amount of Na/Ca trait belonged to Baghdadi in the first autumn cut and the lowest Na/Ca belonged to Bami in summer cut. Baghdadi variety at the second cutting treatment has the highest (0.95%) Na concentration and Nickshahri at summer cutting has the lowest amount of Na (0.44%). Mesasersa (45.9 cm) and Baghdadi (45 cm) varieties had the highest plant height; also, Nickshahri (41.1 cm) and Bami (43.1 cm) had the lowest plant height.
Discussions
Considering results of this research, it is suggested that among varieties, Mesasirca and Baghdadi were the best genotypes and the second autumn cut has suitable conditions for producing of alfalfa high forage quantity and quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crude protein
  • Cut
  • Na/Ca
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 40، شماره 3
آذر 1396
صفحه 113-127
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هم رسانی
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