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تأثیر کاربرد برخی کود‌های آلی و شیمیایی بر صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی شنبلیله (Trigonella foenum- graecum L.)

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کاربرد کودهای آلی و شیمیایی بر خصوصیات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی گیاه دارویی شنبلیله، آزمایشی در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با چهار تیمار؛ کاربرد عصاره جلبک دریایی (محلول‌پاشی با غلظت یک میلی‌گرم در لیتر)، هیومیک‌اسید (محلول در آب آبیاری با غلظت 500 میلی‌گرم در لیتر)‌، کود شیمیایی پرمصرف (نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاس به‌ترتیب به مقدار 08/0‌، 06/0 و 1/0 گرم در کیلوگرم خاک گلدان) و شاهد (بدون استفاده از کود) و 7 تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) در سال 1395 انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین ارتفاع بوته (93/24 سانتی‌متر)، بیشترین وزن تر بوته (66/14 گرم)، بیشترین وزن خشک بوته (73/9 گرم)، بیشترین تعداد نیام در بوته (12/12 عدد) و بالاترین وزن هزار دانه (22/10 گرم)، در حضور کاربرد عصاره جلبک حاصل گردید. در رابطه با صفت تعداد بذر در نیام، تیمارهای عصاره جلبک، هیومیک اسید و کود شیمیایی به لحاظ آماری در یک سطح قرار گرفته و تفاوت معنی‌داری بین آن‌ها مشاهده نشد. هم‌چنین تیمار عصاره جلبک، بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل کل (98/1 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تازه)، بالاترین مقدار کلروفیل‌های a و b (به‌ترتیب 3/1 و 68/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تازه)،‌ بیشترین مقدار اسکوربیک اسید (4/0 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم برگ تازه)، بالاترین مقدار کارتنوئید (27/0 میلی‌گرم در گرم برگ تازه) و بیشترین درصد اسانس (97/0 درصد) را باعث گردید. به لحاظ آماری تفاوت معنی‌داری بین درصد اسانس تحت تأثیر رژیم‌های کودی مختلف دیده نشد و هر سه کود عصاره جلبک، هیومیک اسید و کود شیمیایی سبب افزایش مقدار اسانس در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شدند. مصرف هیومیک اسید نیز تأثیر معنی‌داری بر افزایش کلروفیل a و اسید اسکوربیک نشان داد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Some Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Morphological and Biochemical Factors of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

نویسنده [English]

  • S. Mafakheri

Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Sciences Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Plant Resources, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Any improvement in agricultural system that results in higher production should reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture and enhance the sustainability of the system. Seaweed extracts (SWE) are known to cause many beneficial effects on plants as they contain growth promoting hormones, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids. Humic acid plays a vital role in soil fertility and its application increases the plant growth and nutrient uptake. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of SWE, humic acid and chemical fertilizers on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L.
Material and methods
The experiment was carried out in 2016 at the Agricultural Research Greenhouse at Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with four treatments including: SWE, humic acid, chemical fertilizers and control and 7 replications. The pots were filled with 5kg of farm soil, which was evenly mixed with recommended level of chemical fertilizers (N; 0.08, P; 0.06 and K; 0.1 g/kg soil) for chemical fertilizer treatment. Seeds were sown at a depth of 1.5 cm in each pot. Seedlings were thinned to five plants per pot 10 days after emergence.  In 4 leaves, appearance stage, SWE and humic acid treatments were applied as a foliar spray every 14 days, for three times before harvesting. Growth parameters were measured in correct time. The biochemical constituent pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids and also total ascorbic acid in leaf were estimated in control and treated plants using standard methods. Dried seeds of Fenugreekwere subjected to hydro distillation for 3h using a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce oil and essential oil percentage was measured.
Results
In relation to the mean comparisons, the maximum shoot length and the highest number of pods per plant was obtained in plants receiving SWE and NPK. Maximum plant fresh and dry weights were observed in plants received SWE. All fertilizer treatments increased the number of seeds per pod but there were no significant differences between the treatments. The highest chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, total carotenoids, ascorbic aicd and essential oil percent were obtained in plants that received SWE.
Discussion
Foliar application of seaweed extract fertilizer on fenugreek plants significantly increased all the examined growth parameters of the plants compared to the control. These results agree with previous studies where growth and plant vigor of dill, coriander and fenugreek plants were enhanced by seaweed extracted treatment. Seaweed extracts create equilibrium in growth as a result of the present auxins which will increase vitamins and hormones produced in the treated plants. Results showed that treatments had a significant effect on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll 'a' and 'b', total carotenoids and essential oil content of fenugreek. Seaweed extracts contain cytokinins as well which induce the physiological activities and increase the total chlorophyll, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in the plant.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carotenoid
  • Chlorophyll
  • Essential Oil
  • Humic acid
  • Seaweed extract
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 40، شماره 3
آذر 1396
صفحه 27-40
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هم رسانی
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