تولیدات گیاهی

شماره جاری

بر اساس شماره‌های نشریه

بر اساس نویسندگان

بر اساس موضوعات

نمایه نویسندگان

نمایه کلیدواژه ها

درباره نشریه

اهداف و چشم انداز

بانک ها و نمایه نامه ها

پرسش‌های متداول

اخبار و اعلانات

راهنمای تهیه مقاله

فرم های نشریه

اثر محلول پاشی عنصر روی بر روند رشد لوله گرده در مادگی چند رقم سیب

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد میوه‌کاری، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران

4 دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شاهد، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بیشتر ارقام سیب خودناسازگار بوده و برای تشکیل میوه نیازمند به دگر گرده‌افشانی می‌باشند. عنصر روی یکی از عوامل تأثیرگذار در جوانه‌زنی دانه گرده روی کلاله است و از این طریق باعث افزایش تشکیل میوه می‌شود. در این پژوهش اثر محلول‌پاشی روی با سه غلظت صفر، 3000 و 5000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بر روی جوانه‌های گل چهار رقم فوجی، گلدن دلیشز، رد دلیشز و گالا بررسی و تأثیر این عنصر بر درصد جوانه‌زنی و روند رشد لوله گرده در مادگی‌های حاصل از تلاقی‌های چهار رقم در دو زمان 72 و120 ساعت پس از گرده افشانی با میکروسکوپ فلورسنت مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. این آزمایش در سال 1393 در باغ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه شاهد، تهران انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اثر عنصر روی بر درصد جوانه‌زنی در سطح کلاله و میزان نفوذ لوله‌های گرده در قسمت ابتدا خامه، میانه خامه و تخمدان در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. هم‌چنین، بیشترین درصد جوانه‌زنی در ترکیب تلاقی ارقام ♀Golden Delicious × Gala♂ با تیمار 3000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر روی و در زمان 120 ساعت با درصد جوانه‌زنی 40/59 درصد در سطح کلاله مشاهده شد و بیشترین نفوذ لوله گرده به قسمت ابتدایی تخمدان با 08/18 درصد در ترکیب تلاقی ♀Gala × Fuji♂ در زمان 120 ساعت و با تیمار 5000 میلی‌گرم در لیتر روی به‌دست آمد. در مجموع محلول‌پاشی عنصر روی باعث افزایش درصد جوانه‌زنی و میزان رشد لوله گرده شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Zinc Foliar Spray on Pollen Tube Growth in Pistils of Some Apple Cultivars Crosses

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Fallah Moafi 1
  • Y. Sharafi 2
  • Ayatoallh Rezaei 3
  • Mohammad Hosain Fotokian 4

1 M.Sc. Student of Pomology, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant professor of Department Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

4 Associate professor Department of agronomy and plant breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Apple is one the most important horticultural crops in Iran. As the most apple cultivars are self-incompatible, having a good fruit set requires favorable cross-pollination. However, this phenomenon is related to a series ofcomplex processeswhich happens on thestigma. Zinc is one of the main factors that affects pollination and has an important role in increasing the percentage of pollen germination thereby increasing fruit set. It has been reported that zinc is referred to be as a main growth element because of its role in hormone production in buds specially auxin biosynthesis. Auxin is the most important hormone which affects pollen tube penetration to the style and so, fruit set in plants. Zinc deficiency in the apple orchards primarily affects the above ground portions of trees, resulting in poor leaf and shoot growth, reduced flowering and fruit set, and reduced size and coloring of fruit. Zinc is also important in the movement of calcium within the tree. Using zinc sprays is the most consistent and cost effective way to apply this element in apple tree orchards.
Materials and Methods
In this research, the effect of zinc solution in three levels (0, 3000 and 5000 mg.l) was studied on pollen penetration to the ovary in the crosses  among four apple cultivars including Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, Gala, Fuji. Pollen penetration was studied 72 and 120 hours using fluorescent microscopy technique in the laboratory after field pollination. Crosses among the cultivars included 1- ♀Red delicious × Golden delicious♂, 2- ♀Galla × Fuji♂, 3- ♀Red delicious × Fuji♂, 4- ♀Golden delicious × Fuji♂ and ♀Golden delicious × Galla♂.
Results
Results showed that the effects of zinc, crosses and their interaction were significant on pollen germination and tube penetration in the primary, middle of the stigma and top of the ovaries. The highest percentage (59.4%) of germination on the stigma was observed in the cross (♀Golden Delicious × Gala ♂), in 120 hours and the highest penetration of pollen tube in ovary (18.08%) was observed at the cross point of 5000 ppm of Zinc, in 120 hours respectively.
Discussion
In this research the foliar application of Zinc (until 3000 mg.l) increased pollen germination and tube growth on the stigma in all of the studied four apple cultivars. Although, increasing zinc concentration to 5000 mg.l showed negative effects on the both characteristics which showed the tolerance range of the cultivars to the zinc concentration based on their genetic traits. However, increasing the Zinc concentration to 5000 mg.l led to increased pollen tube growth and penetration to the different parts of the styles in all of the crosses linearly.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cross
  • Florescent microscopy
  • Ovary
  • Pollen germination
مراجع
References
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 40، شماره 3
آذر 1396
صفحه 1-14
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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