تأثیر اسانس‌های رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) و درمنه (Artemisa persica) در کنترل پوسیدگی و خصوصیات کیفی میوه انبه در مدت انبار

گلستانی, عاطفه; رستگار, سمیه

doi:10.22055/ppd.2017.13118

تأثیر اسانس‌های رزماری (Rosmarinus officinalis) و درمنه (Artemisa persica) در کنترل پوسیدگی و خصوصیات کیفی میوه انبه در مدت انبار

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

عاطفه گلستانی ¹

سمیه رستگار ²

¹ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پس از برداشت، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، هرمزگان، ایران

² استادیار، گروه باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، هرمزگان، ایران

10.22055/ppd.2017.13118

چکیده

بیماری‌های پس از برداشت یکی از دلایل مهم ضایعات انباری میوه انبه می‌‌باشد. شیوع بیماری‌ها می‌‌تواند کیفیت میوه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد و عمر ماندگاری محصولات باغبانی را کاهش دهد. هدف این مطالعه بررسی اثر اسانس‌های گیاهان دارویی رزماری و درمنه بر کنترل پوسیدگی ناشی از قارچ آسپرژیلوس (Aspergillus niger) به‌عنوان یکی از بیماری‌های مهم میوه انبه می‌‌باشد. میوه‌ها پس از مایه‌کوبی با قارچ مورد نظر با غلظت‌های (500‌، 1000 ماکرولیتر در لیتر) اسانس رزماری و درمنه اسپری شدند و در دمای 25 درجه سانتی‌گراد نگهداری شدند. سپس درصد پوسیدگی، سفتی میوه،کاهش وزن، ویتامین ث و شاخص‌های رنگ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای استفاده شده تأثیر معنی‌داری (در سطح پنج درصد) در جلوگیری از پوسیدگی میوه انبه در مدت انبارمانی داشته‌اند. در پایان آزمایش تیمارهای اسانس رزماری (500 ماکرولیتر در لیتر) و بعد از آن درمنه (1000 ماکرولیتر در لیتر) به‌ترتیب با درصد پوسیدگی 12 و 3/13 درصد کمترین پوسیدگی را نشان دادند. اسانس‌های گیاهی تأثیر مثبتی بر کیفیت میوه نشان دادند. به‌طوری‌که اسانس‌های استفاده شده سفتی بیشتری نسبت به شاهد نشان دادند. بیشترین سفتی بافت میوه ( kg/cm²7/3) در غلظت‌های مختلف رزماری مشاهده شد. میوه‌های تیمار شده دارای میزان آسکوربیک اسید بیشتری نسبت به شاهد بودند. نتایج این پژوهش امکان استفاده از اسانس‌های گیاهی به‌عنوان قارچ‌کش برای کنترل پوسیدگی پس از برداشت میوه انبه را نشان می‌‌دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

انبه

پوسیدگی

اسانس

انبارمانی

کیفیت میوه

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Rosemary and Artemisia Essential Oil on Decay Control and Quality Characters of Mango Fruit During Storage

نویسندگان English

A. Golestani ¹

S. Rastegar Rastegar ²

¹ M.Sc. Student of Post-Harvest, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, University of Hormozgan, Hormozgan, Iran

چکیده English

Background and Objectives
Postharvest diseases are one of the major causes of storage losses of mango. The incidence of postharvest diseases can affect the quality and limits the shelf life of the horticultural fresh products. Generally, there is a great interest in using essential oils (EOs) as biological control to increasing shelf life of fruits. Mango is one of the most important tropical fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo effectiveness of Artemisia persica and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils against Aspergillus niger, which are one of the most important postharvest diseases of mango.
Material and Methods
Inoculation of artificial fungal was done at room temperature. One day after inoculation, fruits were treated with different concentrations of EOs. The fruits were placed into boxes and kept in 25°C for three weeks. Then decay, weight loss, firmness, ascorbic acid and values of surface color were determined during storage. Fruits surface color was measured using a chromameter (CR 400, Minolta) which provided (CIE L*, a*, and b*). Firmness values were measured by using a texture analyzer.
Results
Results showed that all treatments had significant effects in preventing fruits decay during storage. Rosemary essential oil at low concentration (500 μl/l) (13.3%) significantly reduced deterioration of mango fruits, followed by Artemisa persica (1000 μl/l) (12%). Quality of fruits was also affected by essential oil. Fruit treated by Rosmarinus officinalis showed the highest firmness (3.7 kg/cm²) rather than other treatments. Different treatments showed more firmness rather than control and different concentrations of treatment did not show any significant difference.
Discussions
Modifications induced by EOs might be due to theirs components interactions with cell wall synthesis, which affects fungal growth and morphology. Moreover, the presence of an aromatic nucleus and one hydroxyl group is important for their antimicrobial activity. Some reported that efficacy of plant EOs depends on their composition

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Mango

Decay

Essence

Storage

Fruit quality

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