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فرم های نشریه

بررسی برخی شاخص‌های رشدی و کیفی توتون (.Nicotiana tabacum L) تحت تأثیر کودهای شیمیایی و آلی

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

3 استاد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور بررسی اثر کودهای شیمیایی و آلی بر شاخص‌های رشدی و کیفی توتون رقم بارلی، در سال زراعی 1392 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه شهرکرد در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای کودی شامل کمپوست، ورمی‌کمپوست و کود شیمیایی بر اساس نیاز گیاه، 50 درصد کمپوست + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی، 50 درصد ورمی‌کمپوست + 50 درصد کود شیمیایی و تیمار شاهد (بدون کود) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کاربرد تمامی کودهای شیمیایی و آلی، شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت جذب خالص، سرعت رشد محصول و وزن خشک کمربرگ توتون را افزایش دادند. بیشترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول، سرعت جذب خالص و وزن خشک کمربرگ (2833 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در تیمار کود شیمیایی به‌دست آمد. پس از تیمار کود شیمیایی بیشترین مقادیر پارامترهای ذکر شده به تیمار حاوی کمپوست اختصاص داشت که نسبت به شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری نشان داد.بیشترین میزان نیکوتین و کمترین میزان خاکستر برگ در تیمار ورمی‌کمپوست مشاهده شد. در مجموع نتایج این تحقیق نشان‌دهنده تأثیر بیشتر کودهای شیمیایی و پس از آن کمپوست بر شاخص‌های رشدی و وزن خشک کمربرگ بود اما صفات کیفی توتون متأثر از ورمی‌کمپوست بوده و افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به این تیمارها نشان داد.لذا جهت حصول کیفیت بالا استفاده از ورمی‌کمپوست و جهت تولید ماده خشک بیشتر، استفاده از کود شیمیایی یا کمپوست قابل توصیه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Some of Growth and Quality Indices of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Reisi 1
  • Mahmoud Reza Tadayon 2
  • S. Fallah 3

1 M.Sc. Student of Agroecology, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

3 Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The yield and quality of tobaco plants depends upon several factors, such as nutritions and good cultivation practice which plays a significant role in leave pruduction and the qualitative characteristics such as nicotin content. The main purpose of fertilization is to consider quantity
and quality in tobacco production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on some of growth and quality indices of tobacco in field conditions.
Material and Methods
In order to study the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on physiological, growth indices and quality of tobacco (Burley Cv.) an experiment was counducted at Shahrekord University in 2013 as a randomized complete block design with three replications.Treatments included compost based on the tobacco demand, vermicompost based on the tobacco demands, chemical fertilizer based on the tobacco demands, 50 percent compost + 50 percent chemical fertilizer, 50 percent vermicompost + 50 percent chemical fertilizer and control. Sowing in nursery was done in March 2013 and transplanted to field in May 2013. After plowing and disking and leveling by rotary, tobacco seedling was transplanted in the main field. In the current study the space between rows was 80 cm and between plants on rows was 50 cm. The area of every plot was 5×4 m2. Traits of leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), cutters dry weight, nicotine content and ash leaves were evaluated. The data were analyzed by using version 9.1 SAS. Least Significant Difference test was used to compare the means at 1% of significance. Also, the figures were drawn by Excel 2010 software.
Results
The results indicated that the organic and chemical fertilizers increased leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR) and cutters dry weight. Among the treatments, chemical fertilizer had higher values of LAI, CGR and NAR. Maximum cutters dry weight (2833 kg ha-1) were obtained from chemical fertilizer (three fold increased compared to control treatment). After chemical fertilizer treatment, maximum values of LAI, CGR, NAR and cutters dry weight were obtained from the compost treatment. Vermicompost treatment had the highest nicotine content and the lowest ash leaves. The results of this study indicated chemical fertilizer and then compost treatments had the greatest effect on growth parameters and cutters dry weight, however, the qualitative characteristics of plants treated with vermicompost were better than other treatments.
Discussions
The difference in the growth indices and cutters dry weight between organic and chemical fertilizer treatments could be due to differences in the amount of mineral nitrogen available for plant. This increase in the chemical fertilizer treatments can be due to the positive effect of nitrogen on the dry matter changes and increasing the plant's leaf area. Thus, for better quality, vermicompost and for more dry matter production, chemical fertilizer or compost are recommended.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chemical fertilizer
  • Compost
  • Cutters
  • Vermicompost
مراجع
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 40، شماره 1
خرداد 1396
صفحه 15-28
فایل ها
هم رسانی
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