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مدل‌سازی اثر تراکم گیاهی بر تولید و پیر شدن برگ دو رقم گندم در شرایط قطع آبیاری آخر فصل

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

2 محقق بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

3 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران

4 دانشجوی دکتری زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد گرگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

برای مدل‌سازی تولید و پیر شدن برگ گندم، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار در مزرعه‌ای واقع در صالح‌آباد استان خراسان رضوی در سال زراعی 91-1390 انجام شد. تیمارهای این آزمایش شامل تراکم‌های کاشت (50، 100، 200، 300، 400 و 500 بوته در متر مربع) و ارقام (گاسکوژن و پیشتاز) بودند. در این آزمایش ساقاب و دانه‌آب انجام نشد. فیلوکرون در گندم حدود 102 درجه روز رشد بود و برگ‌های ساقه اصلی بعد از دریافت حدود 900 درجه روز رشد به اتمام رسیدند. تراکم بوته بر ظهور برگ و فیلوکرون تأثیری نداشت. پیری برگ در ساقه اصلی وقتی شروع شد که ساقه اصلی حدود 5 برگ داشت و به ازای هر واحد افزایش درجه روز رشد کسر برگ‌های پیر شده در ساقه اصلی 7/0 درصد افزایش یافت. تولید برگ در بوته در مقابل تعداد برگ روی ساقه اصلی در دو مرحله اتفاق افتاد. در مرحله اول تعداد برگ در بوته به آهستگی و مستقل از تراکم افزایش یافت و در مرحله دو تولید برگ با سرعت بیشتری رخ داد و به تراکم بوته وابسته بود. رابطه نزدیکی بین کسر برگ‌های پیر در بوته و کسر برگ‌های پیر در ساقه اصلی مشاهده شد. طول عمر متوسط هر برگ در بوته با افزایش تراکم کاهش یافت. گاسکوژن توانسته بود تعداد برگ و طول عمر برگ بالاتری را به خود اختصاص دهد. نتایج نشان داد که تولید و پیری برگ گیاه گندم را در تراکم‌های مختلف تحت شرایط آبیاری آخر فصل می‌توان در قالب معادلات مختلف به‌صورت کمی توصیف کرد.

تازه های تحقیق

 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Modeling the Effect of Plant Density on Leaf Production and Senescence of Wheat in Terminal Stage Water Holding Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • S.A. Razavi 1
  • H. Hamidi 2
  • Gh. Azizi 3
  • R. Asghari 4

1 Assistant Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran.

2 Researcher, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Mashhad, Iran

3 M.Sc. Graduate of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Neyshabour Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabour, Iran

4 Ph.D. Student of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gorgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's major cereal crops. Approximately, one sixth of the total arable land is cultivated with wheat. Plant density is an important management factor on crop yield. A major component in a crop growth model is leaf area development which has a major influence on photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves senesce because of the natural biological process of ageing, but the effect of water deficit can markedly reduce leaf longevity. The aim of this research was to model the effect of plant density on the production and aging leaves of two wheat cultivars (Gascojen and Pishtaz) under irrigation cut off conditions at the end of growth period.
Materials and Methods
In order to model of leaf production and senescence in wheat, the experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Saleh abad, Torbatjam, Iran in 2011. Treatments of this experiment were plant densities (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 plant in m2) and cultivars (Gaskojen and Pishtaz). In this experiment, irrigation was removed in stem elongation and seed development stages.
Results
Phyllochron in wheat approximately was 102 GDD and showed ending after receiving 900 GDD. Plant density had no effect on leaf appearance and phyllochron. Leaf senescence in the main stem started when the main stem had about 5 leaves and proceeded at a rate of 0.7 per unit increase in GDD. Leaf production per plant versus main stem leaf number occurred in two phases; phase 1. Production increased when plant leaf number occurred with a slower and density-independent rate: phase 2. Production increased with a higher and density-dependent rate of leaf. A close relationship was found between the fraction of senesced leaves per plant and the same fraction on the main stem. Leaf lifetime average decreased with increasing density. Gaskojen was paramount to pishtaz variety in number and lifetime of leaf.
Discussion
The results showed that leaf production and senescence of wheat in different plant densities on terminal stage water holding conditions could be quantified using different equations

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gascojen
  • Leaf appearance
  • Lifetime of leaf
  • Phyllochron
  • Pishtaz
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تولیدات گیاهی
دوره 41، شماره 1
خرداد 1397
صفحه 117-129
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