نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

3 مربی، گروه زیست‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم الانبیاء بهبهان

چکیده

گیاه شقایق (Papaver somniferum L.) یکی از قدیمی‌ترین گیاهان داروئی شناخته شده است. با توجه به این‌که پتانسیل مواد دارویی گیاهان دارویی درشرایط طبیعی بسیار محدود می‌باشد، از این رو کشت بافت گیاهی بهعنوان یکی از روشهای کاربردی نقش مهمی در راستای تولید صنعتی متابولیت‌های ثانویه در گیاهان دارویی دارد. از میان سیستم‌های کشت بافت، سیستم ریشه‌های موئین در شرایط کشت بدون تنظیمکننده رشد بسیار پایدار است و به دلیل ثبات ژنتیکی و بیوشیمیایی ذاتی، متابولیت‌های ثانویه را در طی یک دوره‌ی طولانی تولید می‌کنند. در این پژوهش به منظور بهینهسازی شرایط کشت ریشه‌های موئین از سویه‌های مختلف آگروباکتریوم رایزوژنز (ATCC15834،A4  و GMI9534)، محیط‌های کشت MS و ½MS، دو دمای 25 و 17 درجه سلسیوس در دوره هم‌کشتی و دو نوع ریزنمونه‌ی اندام هوایی و محور زیرلپه استفاده گردید. صفت‌های درصد تحریک ریشه موئین، تعداد ریشه موئین در ریزنمونه و تعداد انشعاب فرعی ریشه موئین در طول یک سانتی‌متر از ریزنمونه اندازه‌گیری شد. واکاوی نتایج نشان داد که سویه‌ی ATCC15834، محیط کشت ½ MS، دمای 25 درجه سلسیوس همکشتی و ریزنمونه اندام هوایی بهترین ترکیب تیماری جهت تحریک ریشه موئین در گیاه شقایق هستند. با استفاده از واکنش PCR تأیید تراریختی ریشه‌های موئین با آغازگرهای اختصاصی ژن rolB انجام گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Induction of Transgenic Hairy Roots in Medicinal Plant Poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) by Agrobacterium Rhizogenes-Mediated Transformation

نویسندگان [English]

  • A Jalilian 1
  • A A 2
  • F N 2
  • S.Z H 3

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum L.) is one of the oldest known medicinal plants. Since the potential of medicinal components production in medicinal plants is very limited in natural conditions, plant tissue culture, as a new technology, has an important role in industrial production of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Among different tissue culture systems, hairy root is very stable in hormone-free culture conditions and these roots stably produce secondary metabolites over a long period due to their inherent genetic and biochemical stability. Hence, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of some different parameters on optimization of hairy production in P. somniferum.
Materials and methods
In the present research, for the optimization of hairy root in papaver, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with 4 replications. The factors included different Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (ATCC15834, A4 and GMI9534), medium (MS and ½ MS medium), two temperatures (17 and 25 °C) at co-cultivation period, and two different explants (excised shoot and hypocotyl). Different traits were evaluated including percentage of induced hairy roots, number of lateral branches/1cm, number of hairy root per explants and days after inoculation (DAI).
Results
Hairy roots were induced at the wound site of explants after weeks of culture. Analysis of the results showed that strain ATCC15834, ½ MS medium, temperature 25 °C and excised shoot explant were the best treatment combination for hairy roots induction in the poppy plant. Transformed hairy roots were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using rolB gene specific primers.
Discussion
All of the A. rhizogenes strains led to hairy root induction, but there were no hairy roots formed from control explants. Differences in virulence, morphology and growth rate can be partially explained by the variety of plasmids harbored by the A. rhizogenesis strains. In the present study, excised shoot explants were highly and significantly susceptible to infection by each strain of A. rhizogenes and hypocotyl explants showed low rate of hairy root induction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Hairy roots
  • Agrobacterium rhizogenes
  • Explant
  • Opium poppy
  • Strain
  • Medium
  • Temperature
References
Akramian, M., Tabatabaei, S.M.F., and Mirmasoumi, M. 2008. Virulence of different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on genetic transformation of four Hyoscyamus species. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, 3: 759-763.
Alpizar, E., Dechamp, E., Espeout, S,. Royer, M., Lecouls, A.C., Nicole, M., Bertrand, B., Lashermes, P., and Etienne, H. 2006. Efficient production ofAgrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots and composite plants for studying gene expression in coffee roots. Plant Cell Reports, 25: 959-967.
Balandrin, M.F., Klocke, J.A., Wurtele, E.S., and Bollinger, W.H. 1985. Natural plant chemicals: Sources of industrial and medicinal materials. Science, 228: 1154-1160.
Baron, C., Domke, N., Beinhofer, M., and Hapfelmeier, S. 2001. Elevated temperature differentially affects virulence, virB protein accumulation, and t-pilus formation in different Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium vitis strains. Journal of Bacteriology, 183: 6852-6861.
Bensaddek, L., Villarreal, M.L., and Fliniaux, M.A. 2008. Induction and growth of hairy roots for the production of medicinal compounds. Electronic Journal of Integrative Biosciences, 3: 2-9.
Bivadi, V., Zakaria, R.A., Zare, N., and Yazdani, B. 2014. Effects of different tissue culture conditions in hairy roots induction in Hypericum perforatum L. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences,8: 597-604.
Cao, D., Hou, W., Song, S., Sun, H., Wu, C., Gao, Y., and Han, T. 2009. Assessment of conditions affecting Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of soybean. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 96: 45-52.
Chandra, S. 2012. Natural plant genetic engineer Agrobacterium rhizogenes: Role of T-DNA in plant secondary metabolism. Biotechnology Letters, 34: 407-415.
Desgagne Penix, I., and Facchini, P.J. 2012. Systematic silencing of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthetic genes reveals the major route to papaverine in opium poppy. The Plant Journal, 72: 331-344.
Edwards, K., Johnstone, C., and Thompson, C. 1991. A simple and rapid method for the preparation of plant genomic DNA for PCR analysis. Nucleic Acids Research, 19: 13-49.
Furner, I.J., Huffman, G.A., Amasino, R.M., Garfinkel, D.J., Gordon, M.P., and Nester, E.W. 1986. An Agrobacterium transformation in the evolution of the genus Nicotiana. Nature, 319: 422-427.
Gamborg, O.L.C., Miller, R.A., and Ojima, K. 1968. Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Experimental Cell Research, 50: 151-158.
Le Flem-Bonhomme, V., Laurain-Mattar, D., and Fliniaux, M.A. 2004. Hairy root induction of Papaver somniferum var. album, a difficult-to-transform plant, by A. rhizogenes LBA 9402. Planta, 218: 890-893.
Majumdar, S., Garai, S., and Jha, S. 2011. Genetic transformation of Bacopa monnieri by wild type strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes stimulates production of bacopa saponins in transformed calli and plants. Plant Cell Reports, 30: 941-954.
Mishra, B.N. and Ranjan, R. 2008. Growth of hairy‐root cultures in various bioreactors for the production of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 49: 1-10.
Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bio assays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.
Ozyigit, I.I., Dogan, I., and Tarhan, E.A. 2013. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation and its biotechnological applications in crops. In Crop Improvement, pp: 1-48.
Park, S.U. and Facchini, P.J. 2000. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation of opium poppy, Papaver somniferum L., and California poppy, Eschscholzia californica Cham., root cultures. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51: 1005-1016.
Pirian, K., Piri, Kh., and Ghiyasvand, T. 2012. Hairy roots induction from Portulaca oleracea using Agrobacterium rhizogenes to noradrenaline’s production. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 3: 642-649.
Rostampour, S., Sohi, H.H., Jourabchi, E., and Ansari, E. 2009. Influence of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on induction of hairy roots and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids production in Persian poppy (Papaver bracteatum Lindl.): preliminary report. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 25: 1807-1814.
Sevon, N. and Caldentey, K. 2002. Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation: Root cultures as a source of alkaloids. Planta Med, 68: 859-868.
Sharafi, A., Sohi, H., Mousavi, A., Azadi, P., Razavi, K., and Otang Ntui, v. 2013. A reliable and efficient protocol for inducing hairy roots in Papaver bracteatum. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 113: 1-9.
Sharifi, S., Sattari, T.N., Zebarjadi, A., Majd, A., and Ghasempour, H. 2014. The influence of Agrobacterium rhizogenes on induction of hairy roots and ß-carboline alkaloids production in Tribulus terrestris L. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 20: 69-80.
Tetenyi, P. 1997. Opium poppy (Papaver somniferum), botany and horticulture. Horticultural Reviews,19: 373-408.
Yoshimatsu, K. and Shimomura, K. 1992. Transformation of opium poppy (Papaversomniferum L.) with Agrobacterium rhizogenes MAFF 03-01724. Plant Cell