نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار ، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 مربی، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مشهد، ایران

4 مربی، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زرقان شیراز، ایران

5 مربی، بخش تحقیقات چغندرقند، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

حدود نیمی‌از اراضی تحت کشت چغندرقند در ایران آلوده به بیماری ریزومانیا می‌باشد که شدت آلودگی در مزارع با یکدیگر متفاوت است. لذا انتخاب ارقامی‌که بتوانند در شرایط مختلف آلودگی عملکرد قابل قبولی داشته باشند مهم می‌باشد. این پژوهش با هدف مقایسه هیبریدهای امیدبخش مقاوم به بیماری ریزومانیا در شرایط دارای سطوح مختلف آلودگی در چهار منطقه اجرا شد. در این پژوهش نوزده هیبرید دیپلوئید منوژرم مقاوم به ریزومانیا به همراه شاهدهای حساس و مقاوم در قالب یک آزمایش بلوک کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار با یکدیگر مقایسه شدند. در منطقه غیرآلوده درصد بوته سبز شده نسبت به میانگین شاهد مقاوم، میانگین تعداد برگ، وضعیت قرار گرفتن برگ، سبزی برگ و یکنواختی بوته‌ها در اوایل فصل رشد تعیین شد. در زمان برداشت در مناطق آلوده، شدت آلودگی به بیماری ریزومانیا برای هر ژنوتیپ برآورد شد. در کلیه مناطق در زمان برداشت علاوه بر تعداد بوته در هر کرت، صفات کمی و کیفی ریشه هر تیمار اندازه‌گیری شد. به‌طورکلی با افزایش شدت علائم آلودگی به بیماری، عملکرد ریشه، تعداد ریشه، عملکرد قند، درصد قند و مقدار نیتروژن ریشه به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش و در مقابل مقدار ناخالصی‌های سدیم و پتاسیم ریشه افزایش یافت. معادله‌ای جهت پیش‌بینی عملکرد نهائی قند با استفاده از شاخص شدت علائم آلودگی به بیماری ریزومانیا ارائه شد. در مجموع با توجه به نتایج حاصل هیبرید SB26 به دلیل صفات کمی و کیفی مطلوب و هم‌چنین علائم کم آلودگی به بیماری به‌عنوان هیبرید برتر انتخاب شد. این ژنوتیپ هم‌چنین در شرایط غیرآلوده نیز از نظر صفات کمی و کیفی ذکر شده و هم‌چنین تعدادی از صفات ظاهری مورد بررسی در محدوده ژنوتیپ‌های ایده‌آل قرار داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Performance of Sugar Beet Hybrids in Different Levels of Rhizomania Disease Severity

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Mohammadian 1
  • S.B Mahmoudi 2
  • H Shahbazi 3
  • S Darabi 4
  • A. Pedram 5

1 Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran

3 Instructor, Khorasan Razavi Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Mashhad, Iran

4 Instructor, Fars Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Shiraz, Iran

5 Instructor, Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, West Azerbaijan Research Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Agriculture Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection of appropriate varieties which could have high yields in different infected conditions is important.
Material and method
To compare promised resistant hybrids to rhizomania in different conditions of infection to the disease levels, an experiment was conducted in four regions including disease free and infected areas with different infection levels. In the this study, 19 monogerm diploid hybrids resistant to rhizomania were compared with foreign and domestic resistant varieties in randomized complete block design with four replications. In the disease free location, the percentage of seedlings emergence in domestic genotypes relative to the average of foreign resistance varieties, leaf number, leaf arrangement, green intensity and uniformity of crops were determined in the early growing season. At the harvest time in infected areas, the disease severity index was determined. In all areas, number, yield and quality of roots in each treatment were measured.
Results
Results confirmed that disease intensity of experimental regions was different. There was a significant variation among promising hybrids in the investigated properties.
Discussion
Generally, with increasing disease severity, root number, root yield, sugar yield, sugar content and nitrogen of roots were significantly reduced. In contrast, the gross amount of sodium and potassium increased in roots. Hybrid SB26 because of high root numbers, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield and low sodium content of root as well as low disease severity was chosen as a superior hybrid. The results of this study confirmed that also in condition of disease free, a resistant variety has better quantitative and qualitative characteristics in comparison to a susceptible variety.
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Disease severity index
  • genotype
  • Morphologic
  • Sugar yield
  • Uniformity of Crops
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