نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانشیار، بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

3 دانشیار بخش بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

برای ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با آن از یک جمعیت دی آلل شامل نه رقم گندم نان و نتایج 2F حاصل از تلاقی‌های یک‌طرفه آن‌ها استفاده شد. ژنوتیپ‌ها در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در دو شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی آخر فصل کشت شدند و صفات ارتفاع (سانتی‌متر)، طول ریشک (سانتی‌متر)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (تن در هکتار)، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، طول دوره پرشدن و عملکرد دانه (تن در هکتار) اندازه‌گیری شد. محاسبات ژنتیکی نشان داد که تنوع مناسبی در جمعیت از لحاظ این صفات وجود داشته است. برای اکثر صفات میانگین مربعات ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی و اثر افزایشی a و غیر افزایشی b معنی‌دار بود که نقش اثرات افزایشی و غیرافزایشی را توأم با هم در کنترل این صفات روشن کرد. بیشترین وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی مربوط به طول ریشک (80/0) و تعداد روز تاگلدهی (57/0) بود. وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی عملکرد در شرایط نرمال به طورقابل توجهی بیشتر از شرایط تنش خشکی بود. صفات ارتفاع و طول ریشک در هر دو شرایط و تعداد دانه در سنبله در شرایط تنش خشکی با توجه به آزمون فرضیات مدل هیمن و عدم وجود اپیستازی در کنترل آن‌ها و دارا بودن وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی بالا صفات مناسبی برای استفاده در برنامه‌های اصلاحی شناخته‌ شدند. با توجه به نقش زیاد واریانس غیرافزایشی در کنترل اکثر صفات در جمعیت مورد نظر روش‌هایی همچون بالک و بالک تک‌بذر برای اداره این جمعیت مناسب می‌باشند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Khadijeh Mokhtarifar 1
  • Roohollah Abdoshahi 2
  • SH P 3

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield in drought-prone environments may be considered to be affected by three factors including yield potential, appropriate phenology and drought tolerance. Despite the positive correlation between grain yield in drought stress and normal conditions indirect selection based on yield potential, mean yield under non-stress conditions may not give the best results for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Grain yield is strongly affected with genotype by environmental interaction. On the other hand, this interaction is relatively small for secondary traits. Hence, evaluation of genetic control of yield and yield related traits was the main objective of the present study.
Materials and methods
In order to estimate genetic parameters of yield and its related traits in bread wheat, a half diallel mating design was generated using nine (9) cultivars including Mahdavi, Azar2, Roushan, Ghods, Kavir, Excalibur, Shiraz, Kalhaydari, Shiraz and Shahpasand, and their F2 progenies. For this purpose, genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design under normal and drought stress conditions. Plant height (cm), awn length (cm), biomass (t/ha), grain number per spike, fertile tiller number, days to flowering (days), grain filling period and grain yield (t/ha) were evaluated in this research. Hayman and Jinksdeiallel method was used to estimate genetic parameters including additive and dominant variance. In addition, variances of general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffingmethod.
Results
Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variation for all traits. Diallel analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive effects were valuable for genetic control of most characters. Awn length and days to flowering had the highest narrow sense heritability. Narrow sense heritability of grain yield under normal conditions was significantly higher than drought stress conditions. Plant height and awn length in both conditions and grain number per spike under drought stress condition were identified as the most appropriate traits in wheat breeding programs. These traits had high narrow sense heritability and low non-additive effects.
Discussion
Genetic analysis of evaluated traits showed that non-additive effects played a significant role in genetic control of the most characters. Based on these results, bulk and single seed descent are recommended methods for breeding in this population even though, awn length and days to flowering showed high narrow sense heritability.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bread wheat
  • Heritability
  • Half diallel design
  • Bulk method
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