نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 دانشیار، بخش زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
3 دانشیار بخش بیوتکنولوژی دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
چکیده
برای ارزیابی پارامترهای ژنتیکی عملکرد و صفات مرتبط با آن از یک جمعیت دی آلل شامل نه رقم گندم نان و نتایج 2F حاصل از تلاقی‌های یک‌طرفه آن‌ها استفاده شد. ژنوتیپ‌ها در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار و در دو شرایط نرمال و تنش خشکی آخر فصل کشت شدند و صفات ارتفاع (سانتی‌متر)، طول ریشک (سانتی‌متر)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (تن در هکتار)، تعداد دانه در سنبله، تعداد پنجه بارور، تعداد روز تا گلدهی، طول دوره پرشدن و عملکرد دانه (تن در هکتار) اندازه‌گیری شد. محاسبات ژنتیکی نشان داد که تنوع مناسبی در جمعیت از لحاظ این صفات وجود داشته است. برای اکثر صفات میانگین مربعات ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی و اثر افزایشی a و غیر افزایشی b معنی‌دار بود که نقش اثرات افزایشی و غیرافزایشی را توأم با هم در کنترل این صفات روشن کرد. بیشترین وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی مربوط به طول ریشک (80/0) و تعداد روز تاگلدهی (57/0) بود. وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی عملکرد در شرایط نرمال به طورقابل توجهی بیشتر از شرایط تنش خشکی بود. صفات ارتفاع و طول ریشک در هر دو شرایط و تعداد دانه در سنبله در شرایط تنش خشکی با توجه به آزمون فرضیات مدل هیمن و عدم وجود اپیستازی در کنترل آن‌ها و دارا بودن وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی بالا صفات مناسبی برای استفاده در برنامه‌های اصلاحی شناخته شدند. با توجه به نقش زیاد واریانس غیرافزایشی در کنترل اکثر صفات در جمعیت مورد نظر روش‌هایی همچون بالک و بالک تک‌بذر برای اداره این جمعیت مناسب می‌باشند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis
نویسندگان [English]
- Khadijeh Mokhtarifar 1
- Roohollah Abdoshahi 2
- SH P 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield in drought-prone environments may be considered to be affected by three factors including yield potential, appropriate phenology and drought tolerance. Despite the positive correlation between grain yield in drought stress and normal conditions indirect selection based on yield potential, mean yield under non-stress conditions may not give the best results for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Grain yield is strongly affected with genotype by environmental interaction. On the other hand, this interaction is relatively small for secondary traits. Hence, evaluation of genetic control of yield and yield related traits was the main objective of the present study.
Materials and methods
In order to estimate genetic parameters of yield and its related traits in bread wheat, a half diallel mating design was generated using nine (9) cultivars including Mahdavi, Azar2, Roushan, Ghods, Kavir, Excalibur, Shiraz, Kalhaydari, Shiraz and Shahpasand, and their F2 progenies. For this purpose, genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design under normal and drought stress conditions. Plant height (cm), awn length (cm), biomass (t/ha), grain number per spike, fertile tiller number, days to flowering (days), grain filling period and grain yield (t/ha) were evaluated in this research. Hayman and Jinksdeiallel method was used to estimate genetic parameters including additive and dominant variance. In addition, variances of general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffingmethod.
Results
Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variation for all traits. Diallel analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive effects were valuable for genetic control of most characters. Awn length and days to flowering had the highest narrow sense heritability. Narrow sense heritability of grain yield under normal conditions was significantly higher than drought stress conditions. Plant height and awn length in both conditions and grain number per spike under drought stress condition were identified as the most appropriate traits in wheat breeding programs. These traits had high narrow sense heritability and low non-additive effects.
Discussion
Genetic analysis of evaluated traits showed that non-additive effects played a significant role in genetic control of the most characters. Based on these results, bulk and single seed descent are recommended methods for breeding in this population even though, awn length and days to flowering showed high narrow sense heritability.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Bread wheat
- Heritability
- Half diallel design
- Bulk method
- Abdolshahi, R., Nazari, M., Safarian, A., Sadathossini, T.S.,Salarpour, M., and H. 2015. Integrated selection criteria for drought tolerance in wheat (Triticumaestivum) breeding programs using discriminant analysis. Field Crops Research, 174: 20-29.
- Ahmad, F., Khan, S., Latif, A., Khan, H., Khan, A., and Nawaz, A. 2011. Genetics of yield and related traitsin bread wheat over different planting dates using diallel analysis. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(6): 1564-1571.
- Ahmed, N., Ghowdhry, M.A., Khaliq, I., and Maekawa, M. 2007. The inheritance of yield and yield components of five wheat hybrid populations under drought conditions. Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(2): 53-59.
- Ahmadi, J., Zali, A.A., Yazdi-Samadi, B., Talaie, A., Ghanadha, M.R., and Saeidi, A. 2003. A Study of combining ability and gene effect in bread wheat under drought stress condition by diallel method. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 44(2): 317-326. [in Farsi]
- Al-Hamdani, Gh. 2010. Genetic analysis of F2 diallel crosses in durum wheat. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture, 38(4): 7pp.
- Ataollahi, R., Abdolshahi, R., and Maghsoudimoud, A. 2014. Genetic study of drought tolerance parameters in different wheat cultivars using diallel analysis. The tesis of M.Sc. in agronomy. Shahid bahonar university of kerman, Faculty of agricultural. Department of Agronomy & Plant Breeding, 117pp. [In Farsi]
- Baker, R.J. 1978. Issues in diallel analysis. Crop science. 18: 533-537.
- Eid, M.H. 2009. Estimation of heritability and genetic advance of yield traits in wheat under drought conditions. International Journal of Genetics and Molecular Biology, 1(7): 115-120.
- Foroozanfar, M., Bihamta, M., Peighambary, A., and Zeinali, H. 2011. Evaluation of bread wheat genotypes under normal and water stress conditions for agronomic Traits. Sustainable Agriculture and Production Science, 21(3): 33-46. [In Farsi]
- Griffing, B. 1956. Concept of general and specific combining ability in relation to diallel crossing systems. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 463-493.
- Hayman, B.I. 1960. The theory and analysis of diallel crosses. III. Genetics, 45(2): 155-172.
- Joshi, S.K.; Sharma, N.; Singhania, D.L. and Sain, R.S. 2004. Combining ability in the F1 and F2 generation of diallel cross in hexaploid wheat.Hereditas, 141: 115-121.
- Kamali_Zadeh, M., Hossein_Zadeh, A., and Zeinali Khaneghah, H. 2013. Inheritance of some quantitative traits in bread wheat under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 44(2): 317-326. [In Farsi]
- Landjeva, S., Neumann, K., Lohwasser, U., and Borner, A. 2008. Molecular mapping of genomic regions associated with wheat seedling growth under osmotic stress. Biologia Plantarum, 52: 259-266.
- Mather, K. and Jinks, J.L. 1982. Biomaetrical genetics. Chapman & Hall Ins. London.
- Mohammadi, A., Majidi, E., Bihamta, M.R., and Heidari-Sharifabad, H. 2006. Evaluation of drought stress on agro - morphological characteristics in some wheat cultivars. Research and Development in Agriculture and Horticulture, 73: 184-192. [In Farsi]
- Mohammadi, S.H. and Khadambashi-Emami, M. 2007. Graphical analysis for grainyield of wheat and its components using diallelcrosse. Seed and plant journal, 24(3): 475-486. (In Farsi)
- Mondal, A.B. and Desgupta. 1998. Diallel analysis in wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 48: 167-170.
- Rebetzke, G.J., Richards, R.A., Condon, A.G., and Farquhar, G.D. 2006. Inheritance of carbon isotope discrimination in bread wheat (Triticumaestivum). Euphytica, 150: 97-106.
- Sabouri, H. and Mohammadinejad, Gh. 2009. Biometrical genetics. Gorgan cultural-publishing establishment. Ghom, Iran, 412pp. [In Farsi]
- Safarian, A. and Abdolshahi. R. 2014. Study the inheritance of water use efficiency in bread wheat under drought stress condition. Electronic Journal of Crops Production, 7(1): 181-199. [In Farsi]
- Singh, R.P. and Singh, S. 1992. Estimation of genetic parameters through generation mean analysis in bread wheat. Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 52: 369-375.
- Tahmasebi, S., Khadambashi, M., and Resaei, A. 2006. Evaluation of genetic parameters of wheat grain yield and its relative traits using diallel method in normal and drought stress conditions. Water and Soil Sciences, 11(1): 229-240. [In Farsi]
)