نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• سید سعید موسوی ¹
• محمدرضا عبداللهی ²
• فریبرز قنبری ³
• همایون کانونی ⁴

¹ استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

² دانشیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

³ دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

⁴ استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان کردستان

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور شناسایی مهم‌ترین صفات مؤثر بر عملکرد دانه 18 لاین امیدبخش نخود به همراه دو رقم شاهد تحت شرایط اکولوژیکی سنندج انجام شد. این آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1391-1390 اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که به‌ترتیب صفات تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته، تعداد غلاف در بوته، تعداد شاخه‌های اصلی در بوته، تعداد دانه در بوته، شاخص برداشت و زیست‌توده دارای بیش‌ترین همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار و صفت روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی دارای بیش‌ترین همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار با عملکرد دانه بودند. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام نیز بیانگر این بود که مهم‌ترین صفات تأثیرگذار بر میانگین عملکرد دانه به ترتیب شامل صفات تعداد شاخه فرعی، زیست‌توده (بیوماس)، شاخص برداشت و روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی (با ضریب رگرسیونی منفی) بودند که در مجموع 98/97 درصد از تغییرات عملکرد دانه را توجیه کردند. طبق نتایج تجزیه علیت هم، به‌ترتیب دو صفت تعداد شاخه فرعی و زیست‌توده دارای بیش‌ترین اثر مستقیم مثبت بر عملکرد دانه بودند. هم‌چنین بیش‌ترین اثر غیر‌مستقیم مثبت مربوط به صفات شاخص برداشت و زیست‌توده (هر دو از طریق افزایش تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی) بود. بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین وراثت‌پذیری به‌ترتیب مربوط به صفات وزن صد دانه و ارتفاع بوته بود. هم‌چنین بالاترین ضرایب تغییرات ژنوتیپی را صفات وزن صد دانه، تعداد شاخه‌های اصلی و فرعی به خود اختصاص دادند. به‌عنوان نتیجه‌نهایی، افزایش صفت تعداد شاخه فرعی در بوته و کاهش صفت روز تا 50 درصد گلدهی یک استراتژی مفید برای افزایش عملکرد تحت شرایط این آزمایش پیشنهاد می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• نخود زراعی
• عملکرد دانه
• تجزیه همبستگی
• تجزیه رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام
• تجزیه علیت

موضوعات

• A: تنش محیطی یا زیستی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Detection and Selection of Effective Traits on Grain Yield in Chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.) Under Normal Moisture Condition

نویسندگان [English]

• S.S. Moosavi ¹
• M.R. Abdollahi ²
• F. Ghanbari ³
• H. Kanouni ⁴

¹ Assistant Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

² Assistant Professor of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu- Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.

³ M.Sc. Student of Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

⁴ Academic Staff of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Kurdestan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Inequality of increasing population and food will be worse as soon as possible, because  the human population is expected to increase to over 8 billion by the year 2020 (Ashraf and Harris, 2006). Therefore, plant breeding is a permanent and economic method to solving the problem. Detection of effective traits on grain yield is an efficient approach to increase crop production. Among agronomy crops, chickpea plays vary important role in human life. KHalighi et al. (2011) showed that grain yield had a significant correlation with pod number per plant, seed number per plant, harvest index and biomass. In another research (Fayyaz and Talebi, 2009), the traits of number of pod and number of seed per plant were proposed as the most important traits for yield increasing in chickpea. Yucel et al. (2006) suggested that seed number per plant and pod number per plant have maximum direct effect on grain yield. Stepwise regression showed that the traits of biomass, harvest index and 100-kernel weight had great effect on chickpea grain yield, so the traits explained the main part of yield variance (Mardi et al, 2003).  Detection and identifying the most effective traits on chickpea grain yield was the main objective of the current research.
Materials and methods
The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications on 18 chickpea promising lines and two cultivars (as control) under normal moisture condition in 2011-2012. The experiment was conducted in agricultural and natural resources research center of Kurdestan, Iran. The traits of day to 50 percent flowering, day to 50 percent podding, day to maturity, relative water content, number of sub-branches, number of main branches, seed number per plant, pod number per plant, plant height, 100- kernel weight, grain yield, harvest index and biomass were measured. Correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and path analysis were used for identifying the best genotypes and traits in the current experiment. Phenotypic coefficient variation, genotypic coefficient variation and broad sense heritability were estimated for all traits.
Results
The results showed that the traits of number of sub-branch per plant, number of pod per plant, number of main-branch per plant, seed number per plant, harvest index and biomass had the maximum, positive and significant correlation with grain yield, while the trait of day to 50% flowering had the maximum, negative and significant correlation with grain yield. Stepwise regression results indicated that the traits of number of sub-branch, biomass, harvest index and day to 50% flowering (with negative beta) were the most important effective traits on the mean of grain yield and explained 97.98% of yield variance. Path analysis results confirmed the obtained results. The path analysis results showed that the traits of number of sun-branch and biomass had the maximum positive direct effect on grain yield. 100-kerenl weight and plant height had the highest and lowest heritability respectively. The maximum genotypic coefficient of variance belongs to 100-kernel weight, number of sub and main branches respectively. Meanwhile, the trait of harvest index and biomass (by increasing the number of sub-branch) had the maximum indirect positive effect on yield. As a result, increasing the sub-branch number and decreasing of day to 50% flowering may be proposed as a useful strategy for yield increase under the current experiment condition.
Discussion
Grain yield is a quantitative trait with low broad sense heritability. Therefore, identifying the traits correlated with grain yield is a suitable strategy for improvement and indirect selection of grain yield. Stepwise regression and path analysis are an efficient and useful statistical approach for reaching were the above aim. According to results, the traits of number of sun-branch, number of main-branch and biomass recognized as the best suitable traits for indirect grain yield selection under normal moisture stress condition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Chickpea
• Correlation analysis
• Stepwise regression analysis
• Path analysis