ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield, Grain Yield Components and some Phonological Traits of Triticale Genotypes.
Background and Objectives Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the combination of grain quality, productivity, and disease resistance of wheat with the vigor and hardness of rye. Triticale is mainly introduced as a crop which is more adapted under low-potential condition than the wheat and other small cereals. Triticale could be used as a feed grain. As a feed grain, triticale is already well established and of high economic importance. The aim of a triticale breeding program is mainly focused on the improvement of quantitative traits, such as grain yield, nutritional quality and plant height, as well as traits which are more difficult to improve, such as earlier maturity and improved test weight. In order to study the relationship between grain yield and its related traits and to select high yielding lines of triticale, this research was carried-out in a low-potential condition. Material and Methods This research was conducted in Ahvaz Agricultural Research station during 2013-2014 cropping season, with 36 lines, using α-lattice design with two replications. Fertilizers were used based on soil test results. Each line was planted in six 6-meter rows with 0.2 meter spacing in Nov.8 and irrigation was done immediately. Days from germination to heading, physiological maturity and ripening stages, and grain yield and its components were determined. Genetic variation coefficient was calculated based on GC={[(Vg-Ve)/r]/M}×100, equation in which GC, Vg, Ve, r and M are genetic variation coefficient, phenotype variance, variance of error, replication and mean trait, respectively. Data were analyzed using MSTATC software. Results Results indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. Ranges of days from germination to ear emergence and physiological maturity were 89-103 and 129-141 respectively. T he highest grain yield (4790 Kg.ha-1) and grain crop growth rate (14.1 g.m-2.day-1) was belonged to line No.29. The highest genetic variation coefficients were obtained from days from germination to ear emergence (43.6%) and biological yield (36.4%). Range of mean grain yield was 1898-4652 Kg/ha and lines No,:5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26 and 29 with grain yields 4494, 3748, 3820, 3777, 3757, 3717, 4007, 3780 and 4651 Kg.ha-1 respectively, were selected for advanced trails. Discussions Regarding high similarity among grain yields with both grain growth rate (95%) and biological yield (86%) in cluster analysis and high genetic variation of the mentioned traits, the lines with both high biological yielding and grain growth rate were evaluated as the optimum genetic sources for breeding programs of triticale. Lines with both traits have capability to accumulate high amount of dry matter and to allocate a large proportion of this dry matter to grains.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12060_9d13a147cddce0814d070a37ffc89f97.pdf
2016-12-20
1
14
10.22055/ppd.2016.12060
Triticale
Ear emergence
Genetic variation
Biological yield
Harvest index
a
Naderi
ah_naderi36@yahoo.com
1
دانشیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان
LEAD_AUTHOR
Busemeyer, L., Ruckelshausen, A., Moller, K., Melchinger, A.E., Alheit, K.V., Maurer, H.P., Hahn, V., Weissmann, E.A., Reif, J.C., and Wurschum, T. 2013.
1
Precision phenotyping of biomass accumulation in triticale reveals temporal genetic patterns of regulation. Scientific Research Report, 3: 5-13.
2
Ghandi, M., Mehrabi, A., and Agha-Rokh, A. 1998. Study and comparison of yield of dual purpose cereals. Final Report Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. 32 p. [In Farsi]
3
Ghooshchi, F., Siadat, S.A., and Hashemi-Dezfooli, S.A. 2003. Study of yield and yield components of crop population and main stem of six triticale cultivars and Karoon barley cultivar. Journal of Agriculture Science, 2(8): 55-63. [In Farsi]
4
Goral, H., Tyrka, M., and Spiss, L. 2005. Assessing genetic variation to predict the breeding value of winter triticale cultivars and lines. Journal of Applied Genetics, 46(2): 125-131.
5
Guinta, F., Motzo, R., and Deidda, M. 1993. Effect of drought on yield and yield component of durum wheat and triticale in a Mediterranean environment. Field Crops Research, 33: 339-409.
6
Karpenstein, M.M. and Heyne, J. 1992. Yield and yield structure of winter cereals triticale and wheat in the middle mountain areas of northern Hessen. Aerobiological Research, 45: 88-96.
7
Khadarahmi, M., Amini, A., and Bihamta, M.R. 2007. Study of the relationship
8
between traits and path analysis of grain yield of triticale. Journal of Agriculture
9
Science, 1(1-37): 77-83. [In Farsi]
10
Kotschi, J., 2007. Agricultural biodiversity is essential for adapting to climate change. GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, 16: 98-101.
11
Malakooti, J. 1997. Yield increasing by nutrient optimization in order to achieving sustainable agriculture in Iran. 5th Iranian Congress of Soil Sciences. Karaj, Iran. 3 p. [In Farsi]
12
Okuyama, L.A. 1990. Grain yield and yield components of triticale and wheat as a function of water stress. In forme- de- Pesquisa Instituto Agronomico-de-Parana, 14: 53-56.
13
Ozakan, H., Genc, I., Yagbasanler, T., and Toklu, F. 1999. Stress tolerance in hexaploid spring triticale under Mediterranean environment. Plant Breeding, 118: 365-367.
14
Sayre, K.D., Rajaram, S., and Fischer, R.A. 1997. Yield potential progress in short bread wheats in northern Mexico. Crop Science, 37: 36-42.
15
Smith, R.L., Schweder, M.E., and Barnett, R.D. 1994. Identification of gluten in ales in wheat and triticale using PCR generated DNA markers. Crop Science, 34: 1373-1378.
16
Stacey, P., O’Kiely P. Hackett, R., Rice, B., and O’Mara, F.P. 2006. Changes in yield and composition of barley, wheat and triticale grains harvested during
17
advancing stages of ripening. Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research, 45: 197-209.
18
Williams, J.T. 1995. Cereals and pseudo cereals. Published by Chapman and Hall. 2-6 Boundary Row. London. SE18. HN. UK. pp: 187-214.
19
Yagbasanlar, T. and Ozkan, H. 1995. Correlation and path coefficient analysis for ear characters in triticale under Mediterranean climatic condition. Crop Science, 174: 297-300.
20
Yahaya, Y. 2014. Estimate of genetic variability and correlation coefficients for some quantitative characters in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2(7): 163-167.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Some of Iranian Snake Melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) Accessions Using Morphological Markers
Background and Objectives Local accessions have developed traits that may improve their ability to adapt to local invironmental conditions. These accessions may contain genes responsible for resistance to drought, salinity, pathogens and pests. Iran is assumed to be part of diversity centers of Cucumis melo var. flexuosus. Because of high economic and horticultural importance and lack of comprehensive genetic studies, it is necessary to conduct genetic studies on local accessions. Material and Methods Seeds from 12 Flexuosus accessions were collected from different parts of Iran. A randomized block design was used to measure 61 qualitative and quantitative traits suggested by international plant genetic resources institute (IPGRI). Analysis of variance was performed on quantitative traits to compare accessions. The relationship between traits was accessed using Pearson correlation. Cluster analysis was carried out by UPGMA method and Euclidean’s coefficient. Results The results revealed considerable diversity among snake melon accessions in many of the traits. Most of the traits were positively and negatively correlated. Factor analysis showed three important factors accounting for 84.3 percent of the total variation among traits. First to third factor assigned 36.5, 32.0 and 15.8 percent of total variation, respectively. These factors were regarded as photosynthesis, genetic and yield, respectively. Furthermore, cluster analysis grouped flexsuosus accessions into four main groups. Discussions This research showed that grouping of accessions based on morphological markers,was not consistent with the geographical distribution of genetic distances, and accessions that were close were not necessarily close together geographically. This research also showed Iranian Flexuous germplasm is rich in genetic diversity and could have an important role to improve modern melon breeding.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12061_34ba6121ff993c45a9a76c3f9c26dd74.pdf
1970-01-01
15
26
10.22055/ppd.2016.12061
Cluster analysis
Cucumis melo var. flexuosus
Genetic diversity
Morphological markers
Narges
Dastranji
n.dastranji@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
AUTHOR
Abdolali
Shojaeiyan
shojaeiyan@modares.ac.ir
2
استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohsen
Falahati-Anbaran
falahati@ut.ac.ir
3
استادیار، گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده زیستشناسی، دانشگاه تهران
AUTHOR
Sajad
Rashidi-Monfared
rashidims@modares.ac.ir
4
استادیار، گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران
AUTHOR
Azam
Nikzad-Gharehaghaji
azamnikzad@znu.ac.ir
5
استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
AUTHOR
Abd El-Salam, M.M.M., El-Demardash, I.S., and Hussein, A.H. 2010. Phenotypic stability analysis, hertiability and protein patterns of snake cucumber genotypes. American Science, 6: 503-507.
1
Fabriki-Orang, S., Shams Bakhsh, M., Jalali Javaran, M., and Ahmadi, J. 2008. Assessment genetic diversity on some of Iranian melon (Cucumis melo ) using
2
ISSR markers. Journal of Iranian Biology, 22: 271-281.
3
Feyzian, E., Javaran, M.J., Dehghani, H., and Zamyad, H. 2007. Analysis of the genetic diversity among some of Iranian melon (Cucumis melo) landraces using morphological and RAPD molecular markers. JWSS-Isfahan University Technology, 11: 151-163. [In Farsi]
4
Jaberizade, M.M., Daneshvar, M.H., and Alami Saeid, K. 2008. Callus induction and shoot indirect regeneration from cucmis melo var. flexuosus callus in vitro condition. National Conference of Water, Soil, Plant science and Agricultural [In Farsi]
5
Jeffrey, C. 2001. Cucurbitaceae. In: Hanelt, P. and Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (eds.) Mansfeld’s Encyclopedia on Agricultural and Horticultural Crops, Springer, Berlin- Heidelberg-New York. pp: 1510-1557.
6
Kirkbride, J.H. 1993. Biostematic monograph of the genus Cucumis (Cucurbitaceae). Parkway, North Carolina.
7
Lotti, C., Marcotrigiano, A.R., De Giovanni, C., Resta, P., Ricciardi, A., Zonno, V., Fanizza, G., and Ricciardi, L. 2008. Univariate and multivariate analysis performed on bio-agronomical traits of Cucumis melo germplasm. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 55: 511-522.
8
Mohammadi, R., Dehghani, H., Karimzade, Gh., Fenny, D., and Akrami, M. 2014. Study on relationships between yield and its components in iranian cantaloupe genotypes. Journal of Horticulture Science, 45: 1-10.
9
Parvathaneni, R.K., Natesan, S., Devaraj, A.A., Muthuraja, R., Venakatachalam, R., Subramani, A.P., and Laxmanan, P. 2011. Fingerprinting in cucumber and melon (Cucumis ) genotypes using morphological and ISSR markers. Crop Science Biotechnology, 14: 39-43.
10
Pitrat, M., Chauvet, M., and Foury, C. 2000. Diversity, history and production of cultivated cucurbits. Acta Horticulturae, 492: 241-250.
11
Robinson, R.W. and Decker-Walters, D.S. 1997. Cucurbits crop production science in horticulture. Cab International. 66 p.
12
Soltani, F., Akashi, Y., Kashi, A., Zamani, Z., Mostofi, Y., and Kato, K. 2010. Characterization of Iranian melon landraces of Cucumis melo Groups flexuosus and dudaim by analysis of morphological characters and random amplified polymorphic DNA. Breeding Science, 60: 34-45.
13
Staub, J.E., Lopez, A.I., and Fanourakis, N. Diversity among melon landraces (Cucumis melo L.) from Greece and their genetic relationships with other melon germplasm of diverse origins. Euphytica, 136: 151-166.
14
Szamosi, C., Solmaz, I., Sari, N., and Barsony, C. 2010. Morphological evaluation and comparison of Hungarian and Turkish melon (Cucumis melo) germplasm. Scientia Horticulturae, 124: 170-182.
15
Taha, M., Omara, K., and El Jack, A. 2003. Correlation among growth, yield, and quality characters in Cucumis melo Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report, 26: 9-11.
16
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Harvesting Time and Fruit Size on Physical and Biochemical Properties of Pomegranate Fruit cv. ‘Rabab Neiriz’ in Ghalletol-Baghmalak
Background and Objectives Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a nonclimacteric fruit rcent respectively. In general, the results of the present study confirmed that the medium fruit size at the third harvesting time has a better quality as compared to other sizes and harvesting times.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12065_f0eb5e643f54b157ec260a6479b59c79.pdf
2016-03-19
27
38
10.22055/ppd.2016.12065
pomegranate
Size
Vitamin C
Yield
Quality
Fatemh
rashno nuzhad
rashnofatemh@yahoo.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناس ارشد علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز
AUTHOR
norola
moallemi
moalleminoor@gmail.com
2
Professor of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran university
LEAD_AUTHOR
seyad mohamad hasan
Mortazavi
mortazavi_mh@yahoo.com
3
Associate Professor of Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran university
AUTHOR
Bagi, F., Abdosi, V., and Alighasemi, A. (2010). Study of morphological and biochemical characteristics of the fruits of some Iranian local pomegranate cultivars under Isfahan climatic conditions. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 11(4): 277-294. [In Farsi]
1
Barakat, M.Z., Shehab, S.K., Darwish, N., and El-Zoheiry, E. 1973. A new titrimetric method for the determination of vitamin C. Analytical Biochemistry, 53(1): 245-251.
2
Behzadi Shahre Babaki, H. 1998. Distriution and diversity of pomegranate in Iran. Publish Agricultural Education Karaj. 265 p. [In Farsi]
3
Benzie, I.F. and Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Analytical Biochemistry, 239(1): 70-76.
4
Biglari, F., AlKarkhi, A.F., and Easa, A.M. (2008). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palms (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran. Food Chemistry, 107(4): 1636-1641.
5
Fawole, O.A. and Opara, U.L. (2013). Effects of maturity status on biochemical content, polyphenol composition and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate fruit arils (cv.‘Bhagwa’). South African Journal of Botany, 85: 23-31.
6
Gozlekci, S. and Kaynak, L. (2000). Physical and chemical changes during
7
fruit development and flowering in pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivar Hicaznar grown in Antalya region. Options Mediterraneennes. Serie A, Seminaires
8
Mediterraneens, 42: 79-85.
9
Guo, C., Yang, J., Wei, J., Li, Y., Xu, J., and Jiang, Y. (2003). Antioxidant activities of peel, pulp and seed fractions of common fruits as determined by FRAP assay. Nutrition Research, 23(12): 1719-1726.
10
Kulkarni, A.P. and Aradhya, S.M. (2005). Chemical changes and antioxidant activity in pomegranate arils during fruit development. Food Chemistry, 93(2): 319-324.
11
Lako, J., Trenerry, V.C., Wahlqvist, M., Wattanapenpaiboon, N., Sotheeswaran, S., and Premier, R. (2007). Phytochemical flavonols, carotenoids and the antioxidant properties of a wide selection of Fijian fruit, vegetables and other readily available foods. Food Chemistry, 101(4): 1727-1741.
12
Mahmoodi Tabar, S., Tehranifar, A., Davarynejad, G.H., Nemati, S.H., and Zabihi, M.R. 2009. Aril Paleness, New physiological disorder in pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum): Physical and chemical changes during exposure of fruit disorder. Horticultural Environmental, 50(4): 300-307.
13
Mirdehghan, S.H. and Rahemi, M. 2006. Changes in physic-chimical attributes of pomegranate during fruit growth and development. Indian Journal of Horticulture. 63(2): 122-125.
14
Mirzaee, S. 2014. Sugar and anthocyanin characterization of four Iranian pomegranate (Punica granatum) varieties using HPLC System. Journal of Blodlverslty and Envlronmental Sclences (JBES), 4: 248-253.
15
Mohseni, E. 2010. Pomegranate production guide. Publish Agricultural Education, 156-157. [In Farsi]
16
Palou, L., Crisosto, C.H., and Garner, D. (2007). Combination of postharvest antifungal chemical treatments and controlled atmosphere storage to control gray mold and improve storability of ‘Wonderful’ pomegranates. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 43(1): 133-142.
17
Paymard, F., Hydari, M., Daneshvar, M., and Moallemi, N. 2014. Effects of harvesting time on physical and biochemical properties of (Punica granatum .L) in Khuzestan. Journal of Horticultural Science, 28(1): 71-79. [In Farsi]
18
Sarkosh, A., Zamani, Z., Fatahimoghadam, R., Ebadi, E., Saei, E., Tabatabayi, S., and Akrami, S. 2006. Study of morphological and biochemical characteristics of some pomegranate genotype fruit. Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 10(4): 1-13. [In Farsi]
19
Shwartz, E., Glazer, I., Bar-Ya’akov, I., Matityahu, I., Bar-Ilan, I., Holland, D., and Amir, R. (2009).Changes in chemical constituents during the maturation and ripening of two commercially important pomegranate accessions. Food Chemistry, 115(3): 965-973.
20
Tatari, M., Ghazvini, R., Ghasemnezhad, M., Mosavi, S., and Tabatabayi, S. 2011. Morphological and biochemical characteristics of fruit in some pomegranate cultivars in climatical conditions of saveh. Journal Seed and Plant, 27(1): 69-87. [In Farsi]
21
Weerakkody, P., Jobling, J., Infante, M.M.V., and Rogers, G. 2010. The effect of maturity, sunburn and the application of sunscreens on the internal and external qualities of pomegranate fruit grown in Australia. Scientia horticulture, 124(1): 57-61.
22
Zareii, M. and Azizi, M. 2010. Study of physical and chemical properties of pomegranate cultivar six in ripening stage. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2): 175-183. [In Farsi]
23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Genetic Diversity Mulberry Genotypes of Iran by Using Morphological
Background and Objectives Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a tree of the family of Moraceae. There are 24 species of Morus and one subspecies, with 100 known varieties. The various methods used in classification of Morus were mainly based on the conventional systematic studies and agronomic characters. Despite the widespread genetic diversity in Iranian mulberry tree, so far, the identification of these trees has not been selection, introduction and cultivation. In order to identify mulberry trees during 1387-1392, they were collected from different provinces (Tehran, Mazandaran, Kurdistan, Markazi, Khuzestan, Fars, West Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Hamedan, Khorasan, South Khorasan, Semnan, Ardabil, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, East Azerbaijan) according to the IPGRI (International Institute for genetic reserves). The aim of this study was evaluation of genetic diversity and mulberry clustering genotypes, on the basis and quantitative characteristics and to determine the genetic distance between them. Material and Methods Mulberry trees are widely distributed in Iran. After reviewing the population of mulberry according to descriptor of IGPRI throughout the country, 118 specimens of mulberry from genotypes were selected and they were evaluated for their morphological characteristics. Some of these characters are quantitative and some others were measured and recorded based on coding UPOV. After collecting the data, descriptive statistics were extracted and analyzed. With the assumption of variance analysis distinguished genotypes into treatment and regions within each area as replication, design used nested. Mean comparison of quantitative traits LSD. Results The result of ANOVA showed average comparison of genotypes investigated difference was significant for all studied characteristics: the leaf margin, petiole length, flower diameter, which represent the coefficients of variation that were higher diversity among genotypes investigated. Therefore, there is the possibility of selecting genotypes for different values of an attribute. The characteristics that have high coefficients of variation are more diverse than the character coefficient with low variations. Discussions Analysis of simple correlation coefficients showed a significant positive correlation during the harvest time of fruit ripening r=0.82, the shape of inflorescence at the time of fruit ripening r=0.71, shape of inflorescence at the time of fruit ripening r=0.71 at 1% level. Brix with the shape by time of fruit ripening r=0.60 Brix of fruit shape r=0.28 fresh weight at the time of ripening r=0.81, significant positive correlations were calculated at 5% level. The results of mulberries ripen over an extended period of time unlike many other fruits. Using cluster analysis to the “Ward” based on morphological characterization at a distance of 15; genotypes were divided in three main groups. In order to determine the most important morphological characters to differentiate among the population of principal component analysis was used (PCA).The first components to 0.65 percent of total respectively. Overall, the results showed that great morphological variation among the plants population.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12332_13059b556bf46d6cf11d0bdde2b8c914.pdf
2016-12-20
39
50
10.22055/ppd.2016.12332
Cluster analysis of genetic diversity
Correlation
PCA
Mulberry
m
fakhraei
fakhraie1000@yahoo.com
1
مربی پژوهشی مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، بخش سبزی و صیفی
LEAD_AUTHOR
r
Tabar
2
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
m
Sarsaiefi
3
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
a
Fattie
fathe@yahoo.com
4
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
Gh
Abadozi
abadouz_gh@yahoo.com
5
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
M
Hajhasani
6
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
A
Farhadi
farhadi_siv@yahoo.com
7
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
Gh
Khakizad
8
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
Z
Azizi
azizi_zargham@yahoo.com
9
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
B
Samadi
10
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
M
Kiani
11
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
A
Mirakhorlee
12
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
N
Foromadi
13
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
j
Mzaffari
14
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
R
Rafezi
15
مجریان بخش ژنتیک مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال بذر کرج در استانهای ایران
AUTHOR
Adolkar, W., Raina, K., and Kimbu, M. 2007. Evaluation of various mulberry Morus spp. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 27: 6-14.
1
Agarwal, A. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity in the interactions and evolution of species. Journal of Science, 249: 321-
2
Amini, A., Ghanadha, M., and Abdemishani, C. 2000. Genetic diversity and different traits in common Bean. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 33: 605-615. [In Farsi]
3
Banerjee, R., Sukhen, R., Hardhans, S., and Beera, S. 2007. Genetic diversity and interrelationship among mulberry genotypes. Genetics and Genomic, 34: 691-697.
4
Eiadthong, W., Nakatsubo, F., Utsunomiya, N. and Subahadrandhu, S. 2000a. Studies on some Mangifera Acta Horticulturae, 509: 143-151.
5
Huo, Y. 2002. Mulberry cultivation and utilization in China, mulberry for animal production, FAO. Animal Production and Healt Paper, 147: 11-44.
6
Jalili Marandi, R. 2007. Fine fruit. Urmia: University Press of Urmia. 290 p. [In Farsi]
7
Jones, L. 2005. Plant of Kentucky. Lexington, KY: University press of Kentucky.
8
Kalagari, M. 2003. Investigation of ecological and genetic variation in Iranian natural habitats. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Tarbiat Modarres. 145 p.
9
Moghaddam, M., Mohammadi Shoti, S.A., and Aghaee Sabarze, M. 1994. Multivariation statistical Tabriz: Phistaz of Elm Publication. 208 p.
10
Venkatesh, K. P. and Chauhan, S. 2008. Mulberry: Life Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 2: 271-278.
11
Wunsch A. and Hormaza J.I. 2002a. Cultivar identification and genetic fingerprinting of temperate fruit tree species using DNA markers. Euphytica, 125: 59-67.
12
Yazdi samadi, B., Peyghambari, A., and Majnoon, N. 2004. Genetic variation in 90 lentil in Karaj. Iranian Journal of Agricultural Science, 35: 595-601. [In Farsi]
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Yield and Yield Components of Corn Hybrid (540) under Water Stress Condition
Background and Objectives Maize is the most important grain crop that has great economic importance and is grown worldwide. The largest areas under maize in Iran are in the regions with semidry and dry climates. Bio-fertilizers differ from chemical and organic fertilizers in the sense that they are cultures of special bacteria which do not directly supply any nutrients to crops. The phenomena of fixation and precipitation of P in soil caused a low efficiency of soluble P fertilizers such as superphosphate. The studies on the application of biofertilizers as replacements or supplements to mineral nutrients in the crop production show economic and ecological justification of their broad practical application and commercialisation of biofertilizers. Given the importance of water and fertilizer in agriculture, research leading to improvements in water efficiency and the use of chemical fertilizers is essential. Material and Methods In order to investigate the effect of growth promoting bacteria and different levels of phosphorus chemical fertilizer on grain yield and yield components of corn hybrid (540) under humidity different regimes, an experiment was conducted as Line source based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in Agricultural Education Center of Shahid Naseri in Karaj during 2012 and 2013. Line source was applied to four levels of irrigation (not stress, mild stress, moderate stress, severe stress). Phosphorus factor was in five levels including the application of 100% triple super phosphate fertilizer and without biofertilizer, 75% recommended chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer, 50% recommended chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer, 25% recommended chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer, biofertilizer and without chemical fertilizers, too. Results The results of the experiment showed the significant effect of fertilizer treatments on all traits both in the first and second years. In comparison, the effect of different levels of phosphorus fertilizers was investigated by the application of 100% phosphorus fertilizer and without inoculation it had the highest grain yield under non-stress conditions, while with increasing of stress intensity, grain yield in 75% recommended chemical fertilizers with biofertilizer treatment under mild stress, moderate stress and severe stress conditions was 2.1%, 5.5% and 35.8 % higher than the same treatment in similar circumstances, respectively. Discussions The result of the experiment showed that the use of plant growth promoting bacteria with a good percentage of the phosphorus chemical fertilizer, while increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and soil conservation, improved grain yield under water stress conditions. The positive effect of bio-fertilizer may also be due to optimum soil pH which facilities maximum utilization of applied micronutrients to crops. Also, use of Biosuper biofertilizer had positive effects on all traits.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12049_5b40b2ca1c2740310482643b10d94fee.pdf
2016-12-20
51
64
10.22055/ppd.2016.12049
Grian yield
Line source
phosphorus
Pseudomonas strains
Seyed Mohamad Reza
Ehteshami
smrehteshami@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Prof.,Dept. of Agronomy and Plant breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Guilan University
LEAD_AUTHOR
mehdi
Ramezani
mramezani206@gmail.com
2
دانشجوی دکتری زراعت دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان
AUTHOR
Anabi Milani, A. 2003. Effect of irrigation regimes on yield components and water use efficiency of wheat in saline soil. Soil and Water Science, 16(1): 121-135. [In Farsi]
1
2014. Agricultural Statical letteres, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Economic and Planning, Center of Information and Communication Technology PP 121. [In Farsi]
2
Ansary, M.H., Asadi Rahmani, H., Ardakani, M.R., Paknejad, F., Habibi, D., and Mafakheri, S. 2012. Effect of pseudomonas fluorescent on proline and phytohormonal status of Maize (Zea mays) under water deficit stress. Annals of Biological Research, 3(2): 1054-1062.
3
Chapman, S.C., Crossa, K. Basford, E., and Kroonenberg, P.M. 1997. Genotype by environment effects and selection for drought tolerance in tropical maize: Three-mode pattern analysis. Euphytica, 95(1): 11-20.
4
Demissie, SH., Muleta, D., and Bercha, G. 2013. Effect of phosphate solubilizing
5
bacteria on seed germination and seelding growth of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L). International Journal of Agricultural Research 8(3): 123-136.
6
Eck, H.V. 1988. Effect of water defficition yield, yield components and water use efficiency of irrigated corn. Agronomy Journal, 78: 1035-1040.
7
Edmeades, G.O., Bolanson, J., Banziger, M., and Ortega, A. 1998. Developing drought and low-nitrogen tolerant. Maize Symposium abstracts. Department Agriculture, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072. Australia.
8
Ghazian Tafrishi, SH., Ayenehband, A., Tavakoli, H., Khavari Khorasani, S., and Joleini., M. 2012. Investigating sweet corn (Zea mays L.) yield determining traits under normal irrigation and water deficit stress, using multivariate statical methods. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 5(1): 95-98. [In Farsi]
9
Hanks, R.J., Keller, J., Rasmussen, V.P., and Wilson, G.D. 1976. Line Source sprinkler for continuous variable irrigation-crop production studies. Soil Society American Journal, 40: 426-429.
10
Jalilian, A., Ghobadi, R., and Farnia, A. 2011. The investigation effects of fertilizer on the yield and nitrogen use efficiency of corn (SC704) various levels of drought stress and nitrogen. New Idea in Agriculture 5th, Symposium, Khorasgan, Esfahan, Iran. 17-18 Feb. 2011. Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan, Esfahan, Iran. [In Farsi]
11
Johnson, D.E., Chaudhuri, U.N., and Kanemasu, E.T. 1983. Statistical analysis of line-source sprinkler irrigation experiments and other nonrandomized experiments using multivariate methods. Soil Science Society American Journal, 47: 309-312.
12
Khan, A.A., Jilani, G., Akhtar, M.S., Naqvi, , and Rasheed, M. 2009. Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria: Occurrence, mechanisms and their role in crop production. Journal of Agricultural Biological Sciences, 1: 48-58.
13
Lack H., naderi, A.S., Siadat, A., Ayenehband, A., Nour-Mohammadi, Gh., and Moosavi, S.H. 2008. The effects of different levels of irrigation, nitrogen and plant population on yield, yield components and dry matter remobilization of corn at climatical conditions of Khuzestan. Water and Soil Science, 11(42): 1-14. [In Farsi]
14
Mahrokh, A. and Khajehpour, M.R. 2010. The effect of irrigation regimes on growth indices and quantitative and qualitative yields of sugar beet. Iranian Crop Sciences Journal, 41(2): 235-246. [In Farsi]
15
Marulanda, A., Azcon, R., Ruız, J., Lozano, M., and Aroca, R. 2008. Differential effects of a bacillus megaterium strain on lactuca sativa plant growth depending on the origin of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus coinoculated: physiologic and biochemical traits. Journal of Plant Growth Regullar, 27: 10-18.
16
Najafi Nejad, H. and Madahian, H. 2004. Effects of different irrigation regimes and plant density on yield and some agronomic characteristics of corn. Seed and Plant, 19(2): 155-172. [In Farsi]
17
Peix, A., Rivas-Boyere, A.A., and Mateos, P.F. 2001. Growth promotion of chickpea
18
and barley by a phosphate solubilizing strain of mesorhizobium mediterraneum under growth chamber condition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 33(1): 103-110.
19
Postel, S. 1995. Last oasis, fasing water scarcity. Vahab zadeh, A. and A. Alizaeh. Jahad-e- Daneshgahi Mashhad, pp: 157. [In Farsi]
20
Shoae Hosseini, S.M., Farsi, M., and Khavari Khorasani, S. 2009. Investigation of water deficit stress effects on yield and yield compomemts using path analysis some corn hybrids. Agricultural Science, 18(1): 71-85. [In Farsi]
21
Subramanian, K.S., Charest, C., Dwyer, L.M., and Hamilton, R.I. 1997. Effect of mycorrhizaon leaf water potential, suger and P contents during and after recovery of maize. Canadian Journal of Botanic, 75: 1581-1591.
22
Yasmin, H., Bano, A., and Samiullah, A. 2013. Screening of PGPR isolates from semi-arid region and their implication to alleviate drought stress. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 45: 51-58.
23
Yazdani, M., Bahmanyar, M.A., Pirdashti, H., and Esmaili, M.A. 2009. Effect of phosphate sulubilization microorganisms and plant growth promoting rhizobactria on yield and yield components of corn. International Journal of Biology Life Science, 1: 2.
24
Zarabi, M., Alahdadi, I., Akbari, Gh., Abbas., Iran Nejad, H., and Akbari, Gh.A. 2010. Reduction of drought stress effects on yield and yield components of grain corn (Zea mays) using mixed biofertilizers and phosphorus. Journal of Crops Improvement, 12(2): 37-50. [In Farsi]
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous and Methanol Extract of Ferula Foetida
on Tomato (Lycopersicun escolentum) Seed Germination
Background and Objectives Allelopaty is regarded as a natural protecting strategy involving plant secoundary metabolites that influence the growth and development of surrounding biological system. Determining the mode of action of secondary metabolites as allelochemicals is one of the challenging aspects in allelopathic research. Today, allelochemicals have been proposed to cause oxidative stress in some of neighbor plants and inhibited their cell proliferation; however, its mechanism of action remains unexplored. The aim of the present study was to investigate the phytotoxic effect of leaf aqueous and methanol extract of Ferula foetida on physiological and biochemical processes during germination of tomato seeds. Material and Methods Effects of allelochemicals extracted from Ferula foetida on tomato (Lycopersicun escolentum) seed germination were investigated. For these purposes, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in plant physiology laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur Branch. The first factor included allelopatic materials in three levels including 10% aqueous and methanolic extract of Ferula foetida(gathered in early vegetative growth period), and control and the second factor was time of sampling in 5 levels including sampling in 24,48,72,96 and 120 hours after imbibition. Results The results showed that tomato seed viability, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide and antioxidative enzyme activity such as Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were significantly affected by treatment. In the earliest time of imbibition, both aqueous and methanol extracts, the activity of APX of tomato seed was the lowest, while the PPO showed the highest activity. The highest loss of seed viability, H2O2 and MDA, was in the seed treated with aqueous extract after 120 h, and the highest activity of antioxidative enzymes was in 72 h after exposure to water extract phytotoxins. Discussions Our results showed that despite the activation of the antioxidant system by Ferula foetida phytotoxic, reactive oxygen species accumulation caused cellular damage which resulted in decrease of gradual loss of tomato’s seed viability. In addition, this study demonstrated that aqueus and alcholic extraction materials from Ferula foetida exhibited cosiderable allelochemical potential. Therfore, this compound could be utilized to generate a new generation of herbicidees that are more ecologically friendly.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12333_9157aeabeb56b38be1c677fbe92fce59.pdf
2016-12-20
65
76
10.22055/ppd.2016.12333
Allelopathy
Antioxidative enzyme
Viability
Lipid peroxidation
stress
Gh
Taheri
ghadirtaheri@gmail.com
1
استادیار، گروه زیستشناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نیشابور
LEAD_AUTHOR
Angelini, P., Pagiotti, R., Venanzoni, R., and Granetti, B. 2009. Antifungal and allelopathic effects of Asafoetida against Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus Allelopathy Journal, 23(2): 357-368.
1
Beauchamp, C. and Fridovich, I. 1971. Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acryl amide gels. Analytical Biochemistry, 44: 276-286.
2
Brown, A.P. and Wray, J.L. 1968. Correlated changes of some enzyme activities and cofactor and substrate contents of Pea cotyledon tissue during germination. Biochemical Journal, 108: 437-444.
3
Cakmak, I., and Marschner, H. 1992. Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology, 98: 1222-1227.
4
Cruz-Ortega, R., Ayala-Cordero, G., and Anaya, A.L. 2002. Allelochemical stress produced by the aqueous leachate of Callicarpa acuminata: effects on roots of bean, maize, and tomato. Physiologia Plantarum, 116: 20-27.
5
Czarnota, M.A., Paul, R.N., Dayan, F.E., Nimbal, C.I., and Weston, L.A. 2001. Mode of action, localization of production, chemical nature and activity of sorgoleone: A potent PSII inhibitor in Sorghum spp. root exudates. Weed Technol, 15: 813-
6
Demidchik, V., Shabala, S.N., Coutts, K.B., Tester, M.A., and Davies, J.M. 2003. Free oxygen radicals regulate plasma membrane Ca2+ and K+ permeable channels in plant root cells. Journal of Cell Science, 116: 81-88.
7
Devi, S.R. and Prasad, M.N.V. 1996. Ferulic acid mediated changes in oxidative enzymes of maize seedlings: implications in growth. Biologia Plantarum, 38: 387-395.
8
Foyer, C.H. and Noctor, G. 2005. Oxidant and antioxidant signaling in plants: A reevaluation of the concept of oxidative stress in a physiological context. Plant Cell Environ, 28: 1056-
9
Heath, R.L. and Packer, L. 1968. Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. I. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125: 189-198.
10
Kar, M. and Mishra, D. 1976. Catalase, Peroxidase, and Polyphenol oxidase activities during rice leaf senescence. Plant Physiology, 57(2): 315-319.
11
Khalaj, M.A., Amiri, M., and Azimi, M.H. 2013. Allelopathy: physiological and sustainable agriculture important aspects. International journal of Agronomy and Plant Production, 4(5): 950-962.
12
Kocaqaliskan, I. and Kabar, K. 1990. Effect of salinity on polyphenol oxidase during seed germination. Doga Turkish Journal of Botany, 15: 41-49.
13
Lara-Nunez, A., Romero-Romero, T., Ventura, J., Blancas, V., Anaya, A., and Cruz Ortega, R. 2006. Allelochemical stress causes inhibition of growth and oxidative damage in Lycopersicon esculentum Plant, Cell and Environment, 29: 2009-2016.
14
Lehman, M.E. and Blum, U. 1999. Evaluation of ferulic acid uptake as a measurement of allelochemical dose: effective concentration. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 25: 2585-
15
McMahon, A.M., Doyle, E.M, Brooks S., and Oconnor, K.E. 2007. Biochemical characterization of the coexisting tyrosinase and laccase in the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida F6. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40(5): 1435-1441.
16
Mittler, R. and Poulos, T.L. 2005. Ascorbate peroxidase. In Antioxidants and reactive oxygen species in plants N. Smirnoff (ed.). Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Chennai, India, pp: 87-100.
17
Moore, R.R. 1973. Tetrazolium staining for assessing seed quality. In: Heydecker, W. (ed.), seed ecology. Butter Worths, London. pp: 347-367.
18
Munir, R. 2011. Evaluating the role of allelopathy in improving the resistance against heat and drought stresses in wheat. M. Sc. thesis, Department of Agronomy, University of agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
19
Nakano, Y. and Asada, K. 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant and Cell Physiology 22: 867-880
20
O’Kane, D., Gill, V., Boyd, P., and Burdon, R. 1996. Chilling, oxidative stress and antioxidant responses in Arabidopsis thaliana Planta, 198: 371-377.
21
Oracz, K., Bailly, C.H, Gniazdowska, A., Come, D., Corbineau, F, and Bogatek, R. 2007. Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33: 251-264
22
Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R., Kaur, S., Arora, K., and Kohli, R.K. 2006. A-pinene inhibits growth and induces oxidative stress in roots. Annals of Botany, 98: 1261-1269.
23
Zargari, A. 1995. Medicinal plants. Tehran University Publications, pp: 598-602. [In Farsi]
24
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Summer-Pruning and Preharvest Calcium Chloride Sprays Affect Storability in Kiwifruit cv. Hayward
Background and objectives Kiwifruit is a good source of natural antioxidant substances, in particular vitamin C. The studies on kiwifruit post harvest handling and storability would be helpful in marketability of high quality fruits and indeed it would be beneficial to our country’s economy. In order to examine the effects of summer pruning combined with calcium chloride spray and duration of storage on some quality features of kiwifruit, the present research was undertaken as a complete block design in factorial arrangement with four replications. Materials and methods The project was conducted during 2008-9 in a commercial orchard in Chalos, Iran. The CaCl2 was applied in four concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 %) and pruning was carried out in four levels including no pruning, leaving 2, 4, 8 leaves after the last fruit. Storage period included four levels between two to six months. Result It was found that, summer pruning could increase calcium content of pulp. The total soluble solids decreased by pruning treatments but no significant changes were recorded for other quantitative traits. Calcium chloride applications significantly enhanced calcium content of pulp section (p<0.001). Furthermore, the interaction of calcium chloride and time may significantly influence firmness, vitamin C content, pH, total acidity and total soluble solids. Maximum total acidity (1.118 g/100 ml), vitamin C content (60.111 mg/100 ml) was observed following spraying 1% CaCl2. Also, the lowest pH (3.445) and total soluble solids (12.7%) and maximum firmness (1.475) were recorded following application of 1.5% CaCl2, six months after storage. Discussions The results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on some traits and summer pruning improves fruit calcium's. Absolute increasing on fruit calcium density means sprayed calcium can penetrate in fruit epiderm and it can be because of weakness in cell membrane during development that can simplify calcium penetration. Also, summer pruning can increase fruit quality and improving antioxidant system and vitamin C by effect on light and air circulate in tree canopy and can increase calcium density in fruit texture by enhancing transpiration in fruits, because cutting the end part of developing shoots make reduction in competition between element absorption especially calcium element and make it flowed to set fruit.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12334_f4e4055bdb4d110c0fe02a6495c1bae9.pdf
2016-12-20
77
90
10.22055/ppd.2016.12334
Calcium chloride
Summer pruning
Kiwifruit
Storage
Z
Nazari
zohreh_nazari@ymail.com
1
دانشآموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم باغبانی
LEAD_AUTHOR
KH
Hemmati
khodayarhemmati@yahoo.com
2
دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
Rabiei
Rabiei
rabiei@znu.ac.ir
3
دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان
AUTHOR
M
Alhzadeh
mahdializadeh@gau.ac.ir
4
دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
AUTHOR
Y.Gh
Khazayipol
5
کارشناس ارشد، مدیریت جهاد کشاورزی شهرستان چالوس (محقق کیوی)
AUTHOR
Biasi, R., Costa, G., and Manson, P.G. 1993. Light Influence on kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) quality. Acta Hortic, 379: 245-251. 2. Chen, J., Zeng, R., and Li, P. 2003. Physio-Biochemical changes and metabolism of activeoxygen during cold storage in Actinidia deliciosa. Acta Horticulturae, 610 p.
1
Cicco, N., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C., Sofa, A., and Lattanzio, V. 2007. Influence of calcium on the activity of enzymes involved in kiwifruit ripening. Acta Horticulturae,
2
Cooper, T., Gargiullo, S., and Retamales, J. 2007. Effect of calcium content and calcium application on softening of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae,
3
Crisosto, C.H. and Crisosto, G. 2001. Understanding consumer acceptance of early harvest ‘Hayward’kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 22: 205-213.
4
Gerasopoulos, D., Chouliaras, V., and Lionakis, S. 1996. Effects of preharvest calcium chlorid sprays on maturity and storability of Hayward Kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 7: 65-72.
5
Gerasopoulos, D. and Drogoudi, P.D. 2005. Summer-pruning and preharvest calcium chloride sprays affect storability and low temperature breakdown incidence in kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 36: 303-308.
6
Gorbanly Pour, R., Ghasemi-Nejad, M., Aqajanzadh, S., and Fatah Moghaddam, J. 2009. The effect of harvesting time on antioxidant capacity and storage life of kiwifruit Azad University of Karaj 89-page senior thesis. [in Farsi]
7
Guerra, M. and Casquero, P.A. 2010. Summer pruning: An ecological alternative to postharvest calcium treatment to improve storability of high quality apple cv. ‘Reinette du Canada’. Food Science and Technology International, 16(4): 343-350.
8
Hafez, O.M. and Haggag, K.H.E. 2007. Quality improvement and storability of apple cv. Anna by pre-harvest applications of Boric acid and calcium chlorid. Journal Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 3(3): 176-183.
9
Kaur, C. & Kapoore, H. 2001. Actioxidant in fruit and vegetable the millennium health. International Journal of food Science and Technology, 36(1): 703-725.
10
Khazaeipool, y.gh. 2005. Floral biology and pollination in kiwifruit. Publications Sen. 183 p. [in Farsi]
11
Lai, R., Wooly, D.J., and Lawes, G.S. 1989. Effect of leaf to fruit ratio on fruit
12
growth of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). Scientia Horticulturae, 39: 247-255.
13
Manganaris, A., Vasilakakis, M., Mignani, I., Diamantidis, G., and Klonari, T. 2005. The effect of preharvest calcium sprays on quality attributes, physic chemical aspects of cell wall components and susceptibility to brown rot of peach fruits (Prunus persica L.cv.Andross). Scientia Horticulturae, 107: 43-50.
14
Mydany, C. and Hashemi Dezful, Q.A. 1997. Post harvest physiology. Press the Educational Publishing, 403 p. [in Farsi]
15
Myrzayy Moghaddam, H., Tavakoli Hashjin, P., Minaie, S., and Faghih Nasiri, M. 2007. The effect size, cultivar and storage time on the qualitative properties of kiwifruit. Journal of Food Science and Industry, 4(4): 25- 19. [in Farsi]
16
Ramezanian, , Rahemi, M., and Vazifehshenas, M.R. 2009. Effect of foliar application of calcium chloride and urea on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit. Scientia Horticulturae, 121: 171-175.
17
Ranjbar, H., Hassanpour, M., Askari,Sarcheshmeh, M.A., Samizadeh Lahiji, H.A., and Bani Asadi, A. 2007. The effect of calcium chloride, water and polyethylene coating on affect storability and quality of fruit (cv: Malas Saveh). Journal of Food Science and Industry, 2: 4. [in Farsi]
18
Robert, B.J., Eric, F.W., and Richard, J.S. 2000. Postharvest fruit density as an indicator of dry matter and ripened soluble solids of kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 20: 163-173.
19
Rozbeh Nsyrany, L., Dokhanni, Sh., Shahedi, M., and Shokrani, R. 2005. The effect of physicochemical properties of two cultivars of kiwifruit packing and storage. Science. Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 4(9): 236- 223. [in Farsi]
20
Singh, R., Sharma, R.R., and Tyagi, S.K. 2007. Pre-harvest foliar application of calcium and boron influences physiological disorder, fruit yield and quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ) Scientia Horticulturae, 112: 215-220.
21
Tavarini, S., Dgl’Innocenti, E., Remorini, D., Massai, R., and Guidi, L. 2008. Antioxidant capacity, ascorbic acid, total phenols and cartenoidids changes during harvest and after storage of Hayward Kiwifruit. Food Chemistry, 107: 282-288.
22
Tombesi, A., Antognozzi, E., and palliotti, A. 1993. Influence of light exposure on charavteristics and strage life of kiwi fruit New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, 21: 85-90.
23
Waling, I., Van, W., Houba, V.J.G., and Vanderlee, J.J. 1989. Soil and plant analysis, aseries of syllabi. part 7, plant analysis procedure. Wageningen Agriculture University.
24
Xio, M.G., Jiang, H., and Zhang, H.Q. Effect of preharvest ca-chelate treatment on storage quality of kiwifruit. Acta Horticulturae, 610.
25
Zolfaghari, M., Sahari, M. A., Barzegar, M., and Samadloiy, H.R. 2008. Physio chemical and enzymatic properties of five kiwifruit cultivars during cold storage. Food Bioprocess Technology, 3(2): 239-2.
26
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Culture Media Including Vermicompost, Compost and Manure under Drought Stress in Iranian Petunia (Petunia hybrida)
Background and Objectives Organic fertilizers are derived from animal matter, human excreta or vegetable matter. (e.g. compost, manure). Organic fertilizers are carbon-based compounds that increase the productivity and growth quality of plants. Organic fertilizers preserve food cycle; reduce pollution and remediation of soil physicochemical properties and stabilization of plants in soil. Use of these organic fertilizers ensures that the food items produced are free of harmful chemicals. As a result, the end consumers who eat these organic products are less prone to diseases such as cancer. In addition to the on-farm production possibilities of organic fertilizers, organic fertilizers help in maintaining the soil structure and increasing its nutrient-holding capacity. Organic fertilizers are easily bio-degradable and do not cause environmental pollution. On the other hand, chemical fertilizers contaminate both the land and water, which is a major cause of diseases for human beings and is the force behind the extinction of a number of plant, animal, and insect species. Material and Methods In order to investigate the effect of organic fertilizers (vermicompost, compost and manure) on morpho physiological characteristics of Petunia hybrida an experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.Irrigation treatments consisted of three levels (100 % of field capacity by irrigation at a rate of 360 cc (D1), 50% of field capacity by as much as 180 cc (D2) and 25 % of field capacity by as much as 90 cc (D3 )), and four fertilizer treatments (control, compost, vermicompost and manure). Some traits such as stem fresh weight leave fresh weight, flower fresh weight, length, diameter and number of flowers, SPAD index, leaf area, relative water content and membrane stability index were measured. Results The results showed that effects of the treatments on traits such as flower fresh weight, length, diameter and number of flowers, SPAD index, relative water content and membrane stability index were significant at 1% level. The interaction of two factors on traits such as stem and flower fresh weight, flower number, leaf area, leaf fluorescence, relative water content and membrane stability index was significant. Thus the weight of a single flower per plant increased with the application of vermicompost fertilizers, compost and manure, respectively, 16/26, 65/9 and 40/8% over control at 100% capacity. Irrigation with treated manure at 25% field capacity (D3) increased length of flower over 14% compared to control. In 50% of field capacity (D2) with vermicompost in the context of the membrane stability index was 62% which, compared to control treatments at the same level of irrigation, was increased by 67%. Use of manure and vermicompost seems to improve adverse effects of drought stress. Discussions Manure and vermicompost improves soil aeration, enriches soil with micro-organisms (adding enzymes such as phosphatase and cellulase), Enhances germination, plant growth, and crop yield and also improves water holding capacity.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12335_b925dcff7836f74f5a452b0cb193d4da.pdf
2016-12-20
91
100
10.22055/ppd.2016.12335
Fresh weight
Leaf area
Petunia
Relative water content
M
Goldani
goldani@um.ac.ir
1
دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
LEAD_AUTHOR
M
Kamali
m.kamali57@yahoo.com
2
دانشجوی دکتری گروه باغبانی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
AUTHOR
Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. 2007. Roles of glycine, betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 59: 206-216.
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19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Increasing the Expression of Genes Chavicol O-Methyl Teransferase and Cinnamate 4-Hydroxilase under Methyl Jasmonate Treatment in Medicinal Plant Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Background and Objectives Basil is a rich source of phenylpropanoids and enzymes Chavicol o-methyl transferase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase are involved in the biosynthesis of these compounds. Material and Methods A completely randomized design with three replications was conducted in greenhouse to assess the effect of methyl jasmonate on the expression of the genes encoding CVOMT and C4H enzymes. Methyl jasmonate with concentrations of 0, 0.1 and 0.5 mM was sprayed on healthy plant leaves in flowering stage. Plant leaves were sampled at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after spraying. Relative expression of the genes was determined by real time PCR. Methyl jasmonate concentrations and sampling times were considered as main and sub-plots, respectively, and analysis of variance was performed in a split plot in time design. Results Based on the results of variance analysis and mean comparison tests, the highest expression of the CVOMT gene was achieved in a concentration of 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate at 48 hours after spraying (p≤0.01). The expression of the C4H gene was significantly (p≤0.05) affected by the methyl jasmonate concentrations and sampling times. The maximum expression of this gene was obtained in 0.1 mM concentration of methyl jasmonate. Also, the expression of C4H gene was reached its peak 48 hours after spraying. Discussions Methyl jasmonate with concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mM methyl jasmonate lead to significant increase in the expression of the genes encoding CVOMT and C4H enzymes which could probably increase the production of phenylpropanoids such as chavicol and methyl chavicol.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_11961_d65af77d7b29ee06cadad11cfd073691.pdf
2016-12-20
101
112
10.22055/ppd.2016.11961
Methyl jasmonate
Basil
Real time PCR
Chavicol o-methyl teransferase
Leyla
Hassani
1
MSc student
AUTHOR
Babak
Abdollahi Mandoulakani
b.abdollahi@urmia.ac.ir
2
Associate professor Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Urmia University,
LEAD_AUTHOR
Reza
Darvishzadeh
r.darvishzadeh@urmia.ac.ir
3
professor Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Urmia University
AUTHOR
Abbas
Hassani
horthasani@yahoo.com
4
Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Urmia University
AUTHOR
Begum, F., Amin, M.N., and Azad, M. 2002. In vitro rapid clonal propagation of Ocimum basilicum Plant Tissue Culture, 12: 27-35.
1
Bi, H.H., Zeng, R.S., and Su, L.M. 2007. An M and Luo SM. Rice allelopathy induced by methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 33(5): 1089-103.
2
Bourgaud, F., Gravot, A., and Miles, S. 2001. Production of plant secondary metabolites: A historical perspective. Plant Science, 161(5): 839-851.
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Da Costa, A.S., de Fatima, M., Blank, A., Filho, J.L.S., de Santana, A.D.N.D.,
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Santos, D.A.P.B., and Arie, F.B. 2015. Chemical Diversity in Basil (Ocimum ) Germplasm. The Scientific World Journal, 1-9.
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17
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18
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20
Rauf Fard, F. Sharifi, M., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F., Behmanesh, M., and Ahmadi, N. 2014. Effect of methyl jasmonate on metabolic enzymes and phenolics, in agastache foeniculum [pursh] kuntze. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 3: 361-369.
21
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22
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23
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24
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25
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27
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28
Zarei, H. Fakheri, B.A., Bahabadi, S.E., and Solouki, M. 2015. Increasing of chavicol o-methyl transferase gene expression (CVOMT) and methyl chavicol value of basil (Ocimum basilicum) by salicylic acid. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Science, 6(3): 46-53.
29
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effect of Foliar Spray with Ascorbic acid on Some Qualitative Characteristics and Improving Color of Apple Fruit
(Malus domestica cv. Red Spur)
Background and Objectives Low quality of fruits is one of the most important problems in marketing of apple fruits. Recently the use of organic compounds such as ascorbic acid in order to improve fruit quality has greatly increased. Since little information is available regarding the effects of ascorbic acid on apple fruit quality, the present study was conducted to study the effect of foliar spray with ascorbic acid on some qualitative characteristics of apple fruits. Material and Methods In this study, the effect of foliar application with different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0, 200 and 400 mg/L) during summer season, was investigated on some fruit quality properties characteristics and color improvement in Red Spur apple cultivar. The experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with 4 replications (one tree per replication). Results The results showed that foliar spray of ascorbic acid at 200 mg/L concentration significantly increased the amount of fruit TSS and anthocyanin compared to the control. Significant increasing in total acidity, vitamin C, total antioxidant content, total flavonoid and PAL enzyme activity were observed with increasing concentration of ascorbic acid. By increasing the concentration of ascorbic acid, fruit pH was significantly reduced. Discussion The results of this study showed that foliar spray of ascorbic acid probably due to increased level of TSS as a main substrate in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway and due to increased PAL enzyme activity as a key enzyme involved in flavonoids biosynthesis pathway such as anthocyanin, led to improve fruit color and qualitative characteristics of Red Spur apple cultivar.
https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_12062_4b43713c4a15c1ce26c75af1aac8f1bb.pdf
2016-12-20
113
125
10.22055/ppd.2016.12062
Antioxidant compounds
Apple fruit
Enzyme
Quality
افسانه
اله ویرن اوصالو
a.allahveran11@gmail.com
1
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد میوه کاری
AUTHOR
Alireza
Farokhzad
a.farokhzad@urmia.ac.ir
2
استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
LEAD_AUTHOR
m
Asghari
mhamadreza@yahoo.com
3
دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه
AUTHOR
Ahmadi-Afzadi, M. 2012. Genetic and biochemical properties of apples that effect storability and nutritional value. Introductory paper at the faculty of landscape planning. Horticulture and Agricultural Science, 120(3): 1-40.
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3
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26