@article { author = {Hatami, Abdol-Amir and Aminian, Roghaye and Mafakheri, Sudabeh and Soleimani Aghdam, Morteza}, title = {Effect of Gamma Amino Butyric Acid on Morpho-Physiological Traits and Seed Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress}, journal = {Plant Productions}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, pages = {559-572}, year = {2021}, publisher = {Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz}, issn = {2588-543X}, eissn = {2588-5979}, doi = {10.22055/ppd.2021.35988.1960}, abstract = { AbstractIntroductionSalinity and accumulation of salts in the soil are among the most important non-biological stresses that limit agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. To minimize the effects of stress foliar application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) can make a differencw. Therefore, due to the adverse effects of salinity stress on the growth and yield of many plants, including quinoa, it is necessary to use methods to increase plant resistance to improve growth, production, and crop yield. The present study was conducted to study the effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on reducing the effects of salinity stress and improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of quinoa. Materials and MethodsTwo-factor factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications, was conducted during 2018-2019 in the research greenhouse of Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin, Iran. The experimental factors included salinity of irrigation water at three levels (0, 8 and 16 dS / m sodium chloride) and GABA at five levels (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mM). Quinoa seeds were obtained from the Seed and Plant Breeding Research Institute. After seedling establishment in the four-leaf stage, salinity was applied by adding sodium chloride to irrigation water. Some morphological and physiological traits such as main stem diameter, number of spikes per plant, grain yield, 1000-seed weight, harvest index; SPAD, leaf relative water content, leaf water loss and membrane stability percentage were also measured. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that salinity had a reducing and significant effect on plant growth and development indices. Application of gamma-amino butyric acid improved the traits of SPAD, plant height, stem length, number of spikes, and harvest index. Therefore, foliar application of GABA under salinity stress conditions is recommended as a compatible osmolyte that reduces salinity damage in quinoa. The salinity × GABA interaction was significant for all traits except relative water loss, SPAD index, plant height and number of spikes per plant. At salinity of 16 dS / m, the best GABA treatment increased the leaf relative water content (10%), membrane stability index (29%), stem diameter (11%), 1000-seed weight (37%), grain yield (36 %), plant dry weight (70%), potassium content (58%), potassium to sodium ratio (168%) and decrease in sodium content (117%) compared to non-use of GABA conditions. The maximum leaf SPAD index (39.88), the highest plant height (55.15 cm), and the highest number of spikes per plant (15.03) were obtained in plants treated with 10 mM GABA. ConclusionQuinoa is a plant with very high nutritional value that can be an important part of our diet in a near future. The results of this study revealed that although this plant has a high resistance to salinity, increasing the salinity of irrigation water may cause a significant reduction in its growth and development. On the other hand, the use of GABA as a natural factor that improves plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, proved influential to greatly compensate for the damage caused by saline water and significantly increased the resistance of quinoa to salinity. }, keywords = {GABA,Harvest index,SPAD index}, title_fa = {اثر گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید بر صفات مرفوفیزیولوژیک و عملکرد دانه کینوا در شرایط تنش شوری}, abstract_fa = {چکیدهبه‌منظور مطالعه اثر گاما آمینو بوتیریک اسید (گابا) بر کاهش اثرات ناشی از تنش شوری و بهبود ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی گیاه کینوا رقم تی تی کاکا، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل 2 عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره) قزوین در سال 1397 اجرا شد. عوامل این آزمایش شامل شوری آب آبیاری در سه سطح (صفر، 8 و 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر کلرید سدیم) و گابا در پنج سطح (صفر، 5/2، 5، 5/7 و 10 میلی‌مولار) بود. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده شامل، محتوای نسبی آب برگ، آب نسبی از دست رفته، شاخص پایداری غشا، شاخص سبزینگی، ارتفاع بوته، قطر ساقه، تعداد سنبله در بوته، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، وزن خشک گیاه، شاخص برداشت و مقدار سدیم و پتاسیم برگ بود. نتایج نشان داد که شوری اثر کاهنده و معنی‌داری بر شاخص‌های رشد و نموی کینوا داشت. اثر متقابل شوری و گابا برای همه صفات به جز آب نسبی از دست رفته، شاخص سبزینگی، ارتفاع بوته و تعداد سنبله در بوته معنی‌دار بود. در شوری 16 دسی زیمنس بر متر، برترین تیمار گابا منجر به افزایش محتوای نسبی آب برگ (10 درصد)، شاخص پایداری غشا (29 درصد)، قطر ساقه (11 درصد)، وزن هزار دانه (37 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (36 درصد)، وزن خشک گیاه (70 درصد)، مقدار پتاسیم (58 درصد)‌، نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم (168 درصد) و کاهش مقدار سدیم (117 درصد) نسبت به شرایط عدم استفاده از گابا شد. بیشترین شاخص سبزینگی برگ به مقدار 88/39 واحد SPAD، بالاترین ارتفاع بوته (15/55 سانتی‌متر) و بیشترین تعداد سنبله در بوته (03/15 عدد) در گیاهان تیمارشده با 10 میلی‌مولار گابا حاصل گردید. }, keywords_fa = {شاخص برداشت,شاخص سبزینگی,گابا}, url = {https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_17088.html}, eprint = {https://plantproduction.scu.ac.ir/article_17088_e825fef77a6b7449bd1d2b8eeaf7b5c6.pdf} }