Plant Productions - Articles List

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Confectionary Sunflower Landraces in Different Levels of Irrigation

E. Gholinezhad; R. Darvishzadeh

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19226.1383

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for many respects, including phonological traits, morphology, agronomic and physiological. Sunflower is a crop that can withstand a variety of environmental conditions, particularly drought and due to the developed root system. It has high efficiency in absorbing water from the soil. Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a lack of cholesterol, the oil benefits from a desirable quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity and the heritability of agro-morphological traits in confectionary sunflower under different levels of drought stress. Materials and Methods 56 local populations were studied in three separate experiments in rectangular lattice design (7×8) with two replications at Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan province, Urmia, Iran in 2012. Water treatments were well-watered, moderate and severe water stress conditions so that irrigation was applied with 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of available water, respectively. Various agronomic and morphological traits were calculated based on measuring traits in sunflower. Productivity effort as a physiological trait was measured by dividing the total dry weight of reproductive organs (head) to the total dry weight of plant. Results The results showed that in all three different water treatment conditions, heritability of head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, grain and biological yield was more than other traits. In well-watered conditions, moderate heritability varied between 0.52% for number of seeds per head to 80.61% for plant height. In moderate drought stress condition, the maximum and minimum heritability belonged to head diameter (76.21%) and chlorophyll index (26.45%), respectively. In severe drought stress condition, the most and the least heritability was observed for stem diameter (83.64%) and number of seeds per head (0 %), respectively. Among yield components, the heritability of 1000-grain weight at three water treatment conditions was higher compared to number of seeds per head, so for increasing grain yield, selection via 1000-grain will be more efficient. Discussion For the traits of grain yield, head diameter, stem diameter, biomass yield, chlorophyll index, dry weight of leaf, head and head with grain, the heritability in severe drought stress was higher than optimum conditions and this showed that the phenotypic variance is a large proportion of the genetic variance of more favorable traits. Due to the fixed component in the numerator and the denominator of genetic variance, environmental variance decreased in drought stress conditions in comparison with optimum irrigation conditions.

Assessing the Morphological, Phonological and Physiological Diversity of Some Center and South Iranian Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes as Regards Bolting Resistance

S. M. Zarrin; A. Masoumiasl

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 117-131

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.18873.1369

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives After the potato and tomato, onion production is in the third place in world, but planting it in the fall season is faced with the problem of bolting. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives After the potato and tomato, onion production is in the third place in world, but planting it in the fall season is faced with the problem of bolting. Although flower production is one of the main stages of seed production, flowering branches formation by consuming foods stored in the bulb reduces the quality and quantity of products. Critical size of plants for stimulating the production of flowering branches depends on genotype (Brewster, 1985). Temperature requirement for stimulating flower production varies between 5 and 12 degree Centigrade (Khokhar et al., 2007; Wiebe, 1990; Brewster, 1982). Thus, studying how this phenomenon, effective environmental conditions and its inducing factors for identifying bolting resistant genotypes is considered important. Materials and Methods The seeds of six Iranian landraces genotypes of onion including Lorestan, Qom, Tehran, Kerman, Hormozgan and Sistan (received from Iranian Gene Bank, Karaj), 10 indigenous genotypes collected from different regions of the center and south of Iran, as well as two foreign commercial cultivars were planted in pots in the greenhouse condition. After reaching the eight leaf stage, plants were transferred to the cold room. The average temperature of cold room was 8 °C and photoperiod was 11 hours brightness to simulate winter condition. To evaluate cold requirement for bolting, two different treatment times (45 and 70 days) were considered. After that treatment, pots were transferred to the greenhouse. Some morphological, phonological and physiological traits were measured. Results According to results of analysis of variance, differences of all traits between all studied genotypes were significant showing high variability in genotypes. Also, the effect of genotype and treatment for plant height, flowering percentage, total leaf soluble solids and total leaf soluble protein was significant. In this study, Kerman genotype was identified as the most resistance genotype to bolting in both treatments. Then Ghale Reiysi, Golden and Badrood genotypes, with the small flowering percentage showed the highest resistance to bolting. Badrood genotype had the highest sensitivity to bolting. Discussion Kazemi Shahandashti et al. (2011) suggested that cold treatment inhibits cell division so the temperature decrease leads to stoping the growth and changing the synthesis of proteins. However, in some plants during the cold treatment, adaptability to cold is normal and higher height in some genotypes can be attributed to cold adaptability of them. These results generally reflect the diversity between genotypes in terms of flower production and indicate that in line with other studies (Darabi, 2010), the flower production reduced weight, length, diameter and volume of bulb. In general, increase in total soluble solids can be considered as a physiological index for resistance to bolting.

Molecular characterization of recomMolecular Characterization of Recombinant Inbred Line Population of Rice With Retrotransposon (Ipbs) MarkerRetrotransposon iPBS

S. Bakhtiari; D. Nabati Ahmadi; K. Sorkheh; M. Hosseni Chaleshtari

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.16723.1304

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In genetic studies in addition to utilization of molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion or jumping genes as a ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In genetic studies in addition to utilization of molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion or jumping genes as a marker to identify genetic characterization and diversity in the plant species. Since the retrotransposesons have transferable motive they tend to move along the genome. The movement is a key figure to induce alteration at the genomic structure. Thus, this reinforces the genome to boost the expression of some genes and/or silence the other genes. Furthermore, retrotranspostions are able to affect the activity of genes transcription at the organelles and biotic and abiotic stresses. Materials and Methods In the present study, retrotranspostion iPBS marker was used to assess genetic characterization of 130 inbred lines of rice which were derived from hybridization of Neda and Hashmi rice cultivars. In this study, 4 primers were used which were able to produce 2990 bands and among them1449 were polymorphic. Results According to amplification of polymorphic primers analysis, R2020 primer showed totally 443 polymorphic bands and had 56.79% bands with the highest polymorphism among all the primers. None of primers showed any single polymorphic band. Discussion Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines along with 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group with close distance to the parental lines. In terms of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines. The information which was revealed by the findings of the presented study indicated that iPBA markers can be assigned to trace the genetic mapping in order to assess the molecular genetics of the characteristics of the line within a plant population in the breeding program. Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines plus 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group which they had closed distance to the parental lines. In term of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines In genetic studies in addition to utilize molecular markers based on genomic DNA, one can also use retrotranspostion marker or jumping genes to identify genetic characterization and diversity in the plant species. In the present study retrotranspostion iPBS marker was used to assess genetic characterization of 130 inbred lines of rice which derived from hybridization of Neda and Hashmi rice cultivars. In this study 4 primers have used which were able to produce 2990 bands and among them1449 were polymorphisms. According to amplification of polymorphic primers analysis, R2020 primer showed totally 443 polymorphism bands and with having of 56.79% bands had the highest polymorphism bands among all the primers. None of primers have shown single polymorphic band. Cluster analysis classified inbred lines of rice into two groups. Parental lines plus 146, 148, 149, 151 and 154 lines were in one group and 67, 68 and 82 lines were fit into another group which they had closed distance to the parental lines. In term of the presence of retrotransposition genes these lines possess the most genetic similarity to the parental lines.

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

A. Hajiali; R. Darvishzadeh; B. Zahedi; J. Abbaskohpayegani

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12555

Abstract

Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of ... Read More Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation among Iranian watermelon accessions originating from different regions of the country by morphological traits. Materials and Methods Sixteen accessions together with two commercial watermelon cultivars were planted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Urmia in 2013.Fifteen traits including leaf length, leaf width, plant length, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit mass, fruit skin, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, pH, TSS and yield were assessed on the studied accessions. During fruit ripening, four fruits from each plot were randomly selected and the traits were measured according to InternationalBoard for PlantGenetic Resources Institute descriptor. The TSS was assessed by using refractometer and the pH by using pH meter. Results Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between genotypes for all studied traits except for pH, stem length and number of fruits per plant. According to the results, fruit yield ranged from 24626 kg h-1 in Charleston Gray genotype to 13444 kg h-1 in Hamedan 817 accession. The percentage of TSS varied from 9.27% in Crimson sweet genotype to 5.1% in Khorasan 806 accession and fruit pH varied from 5.63 in Hamedan 817 accession to 4.78 in Charleston Gray genotype. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits, indicating the significant effects of environmental effects. The highest positive correlation (0.968) was observed between pulp weight and fruit weight and the highest negative one (-0.815) was observed between TSS and seed length. The highest heritability was seen for 100 seed weight and the lowest one for pH. Cluster analysis with Ward method, classified the studied accessions in to three different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 3. Discussions The results revealed a rather high level of genetic polymorphism and wide genetic variation between accessions, which offer valuable information for conservation and management of genetic resources and utilizing them in watermelon breeding programs. The genetic distance between accessions is a valuable parameter to conserve and use a given germplasm in breeding activities. It was proved that crosses between unrelated and genetically distant parents will show more power hybrid than crosses between genotypes closely related.

Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield, Grain Yield Components and some Phonological Traits of Triticale Genotypes.

a Naderi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12060

Abstract

Background and Objectives Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the ... Read More Background and Objectives Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the combination of grain quality, productivity, and disease resistance of wheat with the vigor and hardness of rye. Triticale is mainly introduced as a crop which is more adapted under low-potential condition than the wheat and other small cereals. Triticale could be used as a feed grain. As a feed grain, triticale is already well established and of high economic importance. The aim of a triticale breeding program is mainly focused on the improvement of quantitative traits, such as grain yield, nutritional quality and plant height, as well as traits which are more difficult to improve, such as earlier maturity and improved test weight. In order to study the relationship between grain yield and its related traits and to select high yielding lines of triticale, this research was carried-out in a low-potential condition. Material and Methods This research was conducted in Ahvaz Agricultural Research station during 2013-2014 cropping season, with 36 lines, using α-lattice design with two replications. Fertilizers were used based on soil test results. Each line was planted in six 6-meter rows with 0.2 meter spacing in Nov.8 and irrigation was done immediately. Days from germination to heading, physiological maturity and ripening stages, and grain yield and its components were determined. Genetic variation coefficient was calculated based on GC={[(Vg-Ve)/r]/M}×100, equation in which GC, Vg, Ve, r and M are genetic variation coefficient, phenotype variance, variance of error, replication and mean trait, respectively. Data were analyzed using MSTATC software. Results Results indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. Ranges of days from germination to ear emergence and physiological maturity were 89-103 and 129-141 respectively. T he highest grain yield (4790 Kg.ha-1) and grain crop growth rate (14.1 g.m-2.day-1) was belonged to line No.29. The highest genetic variation coefficients were obtained from days from germination to ear emergence (43.6%) and biological yield (36.4%). Range of mean grain yield was 1898-4652 Kg/ha and lines No,:5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26 and 29 with grain yields 4494, 3748, 3820, 3777, 3757, 3717, 4007, 3780 and 4651 Kg.ha-1 respectively, were selected for advanced trails. Discussions Regarding high similarity among grain yields with both grain growth rate (95%) and biological yield (86%) in cluster analysis and high genetic variation of the mentioned traits, the lines with both high biological yielding and grain growth rate were evaluated as the optimum genetic sources for breeding programs of triticale. Lines with both traits have capability to accumulate high amount of dry matter and to allocate a large proportion of this dry matter to grains.

Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis

Khadijeh Mokhtarifar; Roohollah Abdoshahi; SH P

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 11-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12052

Abstract

Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield ... Read More Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield in drought-prone environments may be considered to be affected by three factors including yield potential, appropriate phenology and drought tolerance. Despite the positive correlation between grain yield in drought stress and normal conditions indirect selection based on yield potential, mean yield under non-stress conditions may not give the best results for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Grain yield is strongly affected with genotype by environmental interaction. On the other hand, this interaction is relatively small for secondary traits. Hence, evaluation of genetic control of yield and yield related traits was the main objective of the present study. Materials and methods In order to estimate genetic parameters of yield and its related traits in bread wheat, a half diallel mating design was generated using nine (9) cultivars including Mahdavi, Azar2, Roushan, Ghods, Kavir, Excalibur, Shiraz, Kalhaydari, Shiraz and Shahpasand, and their F2 progenies. For this purpose, genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design under normal and drought stress conditions. Plant height (cm), awn length (cm), biomass (t/ha), grain number per spike, fertile tiller number, days to flowering (days), grain filling period and grain yield (t/ha) were evaluated in this research. Hayman and Jinksdeiallel method was used to estimate genetic parameters including additive and dominant variance. In addition, variances of general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffingmethod. Results Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variation for all traits. Diallel analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive effects were valuable for genetic control of most characters. Awn length and days to flowering had the highest narrow sense heritability. Narrow sense heritability of grain yield under normal conditions was significantly higher than drought stress conditions. Plant height and awn length in both conditions and grain number per spike under drought stress condition were identified as the most appropriate traits in wheat breeding programs. These traits had high narrow sense heritability and low non-additive effects. Discussion Genetic analysis of evaluated traits showed that non-additive effects played a significant role in genetic control of the most characters. Based on these results, bulk and single seed descent are recommended methods for breeding in this population even though, awn length and days to flowering showed high narrow sense heritability.

Comparison of Different Genomic RNA Extraction Methods From the Medicinal Plant Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.)

Maryam Javdan Asl; Hamid Rajabi Memari; Daryoosh Nabati Ahmadi; Afrasiyab Rahnama

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 105-114

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12050

Abstract

Background and Objectives RNA extraction is considered a crucial step in the molecular studies and the results of subsequent work such as, PCR, Real-TIME PCR and RACE PCR depend on ... Read More

Comparison of elite genotypes of Ziziphus spina-christi and Ziziphus mauritiana located in Fadak Botanic Garden of Dezful in regand to fruit and stone traits

F. Sabbaghzadeh; A.R. Morid

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 113-123

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11459

Abstract

All of established jujubes genotypes in Fadak Botanic Garden of Dezful belong to Ziziphus spp., and the Rhamnaceae family. Their species are Ziziphus spina-christi and Ziziphus mauritiana ... Read More

Evaluation of yield and fruit quality of hydroponically cultured greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L., Cv. Synda ) under partial root zone drying (PRD) conditions

M. Mousavi rahimi; M. Delshad; A. Liaghat

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 23-36

Abstract

Limitation of high quality water made it necessary to find suitable methods of irrigating management. Reduce of water waste, increase of yield and even controlled water stresses are ... Read More

The effect of culture media and cytokinin on the primary steps of walnut micro propagation, selected genotype 305

Sh. Mohamadi Nejad; M. Gholami; M. Esna Ashari

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 83-92

Abstract

This research was conducted through a factorial experiment with two factors including culture media (DKW and WPM) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) at three concentrations (0: control, 0.5 and ... Read More

Effect of cutting size and IBA concentrations on rooting of hard wood cuttings in Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd

Z. Rashoudi; A. Abotalebi; M. Chehrazi

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 93-103

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effects of various lengths of cutting and different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on Bougainvillea spectabilis rooting, a research in outdoor ... Read More

The Effects of Different Amounts of Natural Zeolite on Vegetative and Reproductive Characteristics of Narcissus tazetta L. cv. Shahla

F. Nazari; H. Farahmand; M. Ghasemi Ghehsareh3

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 39-48

Abstract

There exist a lot of reports about the positive and significant effect of natural zeolite on vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plants such as cereals, vegetable transplants, ... Read More

Effect of explant andauxintype on embryogenic callus production and somatic embryogenesisinduction in M.26 apple rootstock

S. Hemmaty; M. Mohseni Azar; K. Aghaii; M.R. Dilmaghani; M. Manavi Fard

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

Somatic embryogenesis is an alternative method for genetic improvement of commercially important cultivars and is an effective technique for plant propagation.In this research, effects ... Read More

Determination of plant diversity using morphological characters and path analysis in dill germplasms

Z. Fathalipoor; D. Nabati Ahmadi; H. Rajabi Memari; A. Siahpoosh; F. Sedighi Dehkordi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 57-67

Abstract

The most important composition character within a plant breeding program is to have type and amount of genetic diversity. In addition to using a visual approach and genetic tools to ... Read More

Evaluation of genetic diversity in some strawberry (fragaria × annanasa Duch.) cultivars in Iran using morphological characteristics

H.A. Asadi Gharneh; K. Arzani; A. Shojaeiyan; A.R. Golparvar; N. Sabaghnia

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 93-106

Abstract

Strawberry is one of the most important small fruits in Iran and the world. Identification of elite cultivars according to morphological characteristics is an important task in any ... Read More

Effect of Gibberellic acid treatment on storage life and quality indices of sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cv. Siah Mashhad

A. Sedighi; M. Gholami; H. Sarikhani; A. Ershadi

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 51-61

Abstract

Fruit softening, shrinkage, decay and fruit stem browning are the most important problems in sweet cherry post-harvest storage. This research was conducted to study the effect of gibberellic ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Main Subjects = B: Plant Breeding

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