Plant Productions - Articles List

Quantitative and qualitative performance evaluation of new hybrids of sugar beet in Nair climatic conditions

Farhad Sanaii Niiri; salim farzaneh; Ali Asghari; Seyede Yalda Raeisi Sadati; Abazar Rajabi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 February 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.45256.2131

Abstract

Introduction: Today, after about 200 years of sugar beet history, about 40% of the sucrose needed by humans is supplied through this crop. Ardabil province with the production of 145,000 ... Read More Introduction: Today, after about 200 years of sugar beet history, about 40% of the sucrose needed by humans is supplied through this crop. Ardabil province with the production of 145,000 tons, 1.8% of the country's sugar beet is produced in Ardabil province. During the growing season, sugar beet is attacked by various pests and pathogens. In Iran, infection with various bacterial, nematode, fungal (especially rhizoctonia) and viral diseases, including rhizomania, has been reported. Pathogens of sugar beet leaves and roots are among the factors that affect the quantity and quality of sugar beet products and in many cases hinder development and even cause the cultivation of this product is limited. Materials and Methods: This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate different quantitative and qualitative traits of sugar beet (20 genotypes) of sugar beet in Moghan research farm using a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017-2018. For this study, 20 sugar beet monogerm hybrids produced in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station along with 9 paternal and maternal parents were used. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that the percentages of green field cover percentage, plant number, leaf length, petiole length, root diameter and sodium and potassium content at 5% probability level and leaf width, total root number and branch traits were significant differences at 1% probability level among genotypes. Also the nitrogen content, alkalinity coefficient, alkali content, molasses sugar content, gross sugar yield, net sugar yield, root yield and vegetable-yolk score were significant differences at 1% probability level. Mean comparisons showed that number of plants in genotype with number 17 and leaf parameters were in genotype with number15 and 20 the highest leaf length and width, respectively. The highest petiole length belonged to genotypes 9 and 16 and the maximum root diameter was obtained from genotype 10. In terms of total root number, genotypes with numbers 11 and 13 were significantly higher than other genotypes, and genotype 7 produced the highest number of branched roots. In this experiment, the highest (13.7%) contamination was observed in genotype 9 and the lowest was in genotypes 10 and 12. Sodium and potassium levels were highest in genotype 15, while genotype 20 had the highest amount of harmful nitrogen. In terms of alkalinity coefficient, genotype 3 had the highest rate, whereas genotype 15 had the highest percentage of molasses sugar. The highest gross sugar, pure sugar and root yield were obtained from genotype 12 (10.69, 8.193 and 85.59 ton / ha, respectively) and the lowest values belonged to genotype 3. Conclusions: There was a significant positive relationship between root diameter and percentage of pure and gross sugars, pure and gross sugar yield and root yield. The relationship between sodium content and potassium and molasses sugar content was positive and significant, with a negative and significant correlation with the percentage of pure and gross sugar and extraction coefficient. Correlated nitrogen showed a significant negative correlation with alkalinity. The alkalinity coefficient showed a negative and significant correlation with the percentage of pure and gross sugars. The percent of molasses sugar was negatively and significantly correlated with extraction coefficient.

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Effect of iron oxide and iron chelate nanofertilizers and different sizes of micro-tubers on yield and yield components of potato (Solanum tubersum L.)

Mohsen Pourahmadi; reza zarghami; Marjan Dyanat; Ali Mohammadi torkashvand

Volume 46, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 381-395

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.44309.2112

Abstract

IntroductionIn terms of harvested land area, potato ranks fourth in the world after wheat, corn and rice. In addition to providing energy and good quality protein, it is also considered ... Read More IntroductionIn terms of harvested land area, potato ranks fourth in the world after wheat, corn and rice. In addition to providing energy and good quality protein, it is also considered as a source of vitamin C and minerals. Despite the fact that iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust, only a small amount of iron can be used by plants in well-ventilated soils. Therefore, iron deficiency is one of the factors limiting the growth and development of plants. Materials and MethodsThis experiment was carried out in a factorial trial in the base of a completely randomized design in three replications in a greenhouse conditions of Agricultural Research Institute of Hamedan (Jorqan) during the crop years of 2017-2018 and 2018-2029. The experimental factors include the weight levels of microtuber at three levels of 3-1, 3-5 and 5-10 grams and different iron fertilizers at seven levels, control, iron chelate in the form of soil consumption at the rate of 20 micromolar, nano iron oxide in the form of soil consumption to The amount of 20 micromolar was 1 and 2% foliar spraying of iron chelate and 1 and 2% nano iron oxide foliar spraying. The internal temperature of the greenhouse was provided by adjusting the air conditioning system and central heating in the range of 18 to 20 °C at night and 26 to 28 degrees during the day. The humidity of the greenhouse was also 60-65%. At the end of the experiment, after processing the crop, the plants were harvested and the yield and yield components were determined. Leaf greenness index in this experiment using SPAD device (Minolta 502 model) using three fully developed terminal leaves from ten plants in the budding stage in the middle part of the leaf on one side of the main vein, at 9:30 to 10:00 in the morning. It was measured in order to minimize daily changes. To measure the percentage of dry matter, 200 grams of tubers were randomly selected from each treatment, then the tubers were chopped and placed in an oven at a temperature of 75 degrees Celsius, and after their weight was fixed, they were weighed again. Then, based on the ratio of fresh and dry weight of the tubers, the percentage of dry matter of the tubers was determined (Hagman and Martenssen, 2009). Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the height of the plant, the number of stems per plant, the number of tubers per plant, the weight of tubers, the weight of tubers per plant, the percentage of dry matter and the greenness index increased with the increase in the weight of microtubers, and the most improvement in the morphological and qualitative characteristics of potato in microtubers. 5-10 grams were observed. With the application of iron chelate and nano iron oxide fertilizers, potato yield and yield components increased. The maximum tuber weight in the plant was shown in the treatments of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide and 2% nano iron oxide. The highest tuber weight in the plant in the 1-3 gram microtuber is 405.23 grams related to the consumption of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide, in the 3-5 gram microtuber is 444.61 grams related to the application of 2% iron chelate solution and in the microtuber 5-10 grams in the amount of 556.92, 544.52, 482.6 and 465.82 grams corresponding to the treatments of 20 micromolar nano iron oxide, foliar spraying of 2% nano iron oxide, foliar spraying of 1% nano iron oxide and solution The application was 2% iron chelate ConclusionMicrotuber 5-10 grams was able to acquire the best size of microtuber due to having suitable nutrients and accelerating the greening of plants and increasing photosynthesis and providing nutrients. The application of nano iron oxide fertilizer was more effective in improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of potatoes compared to iron chelate..

The effect of salicylic acid on winter crop production of new potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) in different planting dates in Ahvaz

Maral Dinarvandi; Moosa Meskarbashee; Habibolah Roshanfekr; Javad Soltani kazemi

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 561-573

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.41877.2058

Abstract

IntroductionAutumn cultivation of potato plant is very important because of meeting domestic needs of the country in winter and reducing the price of this product in the market. Cold ... Read More IntroductionAutumn cultivation of potato plant is very important because of meeting domestic needs of the country in winter and reducing the price of this product in the market. Cold stress in the early stages of potato growth is the most important factor that limits potato production in these areas.The yield and chemical composition of potato tubers under winter planting date and salicylic acid foliar application in Khuzestan region are very importance because one of the problems in cultivation of potato under Khuzestan conditions is insufficient growth due to dealing with high temperature at the end of the growing season in the autumn cultivation. Because few studies have been done in this regard on new cultivars of potato plant. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate of the tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield in potato plant. Materials and MethodsThe current study was conducted in a split-split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replication in the experimental farm of the Department of Plant Genetics and Production Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, during the crop year 2020-21. The experimental factors in this research include the date of cultivation as the main plot in three levels (25 November, 9 December, 26 December), salicylic acid foliar application as a sub-plot in two levels (0.5 mM and non-foliar application) and cultivars as sub-sub plot at three levels (including early and new cultivars Sifra, Challenger and Columba). Results and DiscussionAccording to the results of this experiment, the three-way interaction effects of investigated factors on tuber yield and attributes of tuber yield, the number of tubers more than 100 g, number of tubers between 50-100 g and number of tubers less than 50 g was significant. The interaction effects of planting date × salicylic acid foliar application and planting date × cultivar on plant height trait was significant, also the interaction effect of salicylic acid foliar application × cultivar was significant for the starch percentage trait and the simple effect of planting date and cultivar on the SPAD value trait was significant. In the following, the results of three-way interaction effects of the studied factors showed that the highest number of tubers more than 100 g in Sifra cultivar under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in 9 December planting date (with an average of 4.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers between 50-100 g related to the Challenger cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar spraying under 9 December planting date (with an average of 8.33 tubers per 1 kg), the highest number of tubers less than 50 g related to the Challenger cultivar under 26 December planting date and non-foliar application of salicylic acid (with an average of 33.33 tubers per 1 kg) and the highest tuber yield (with an average of 2.368 kg /m2) was related to the Sifra cultivar with 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application in the 9 December planting date. In addition, the highest amount of SPAD value belonged to the 25 November planting date (with an average of 42.61) and the Challenger cultivar (with an average of 42.41). Sifra cultivar also showed the highest starch percentage of tubers under 0.5 mM salicylic acid foliar application (with an average of 46.16%). ConclusionNow, due to the lack of potato product in late winter, especially in the southern regions in the Iran, cultivation of early cultivars compatible with the region, such as Sifra on 9 December, in order to achieve optimal yield, and the use of salicylic acid foliar application is suggested in conditions similar to this study.

Investigating of Yield and Quality Characteristics of Potato with Early Cultivation in Mashhad Weather Conditions

Ahmad Nezami; Jafar Nabati; Mohammad Kafi; Javad Shabahang

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 229-240

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.31878.1852

Abstract

IntroductionDetermination of the most suitable time for crop planting is one of the basic requirements to gain the highest yield and income. Planting date is one of the most important ... Read More IntroductionDetermination of the most suitable time for crop planting is one of the basic requirements to gain the highest yield and income. Planting date is one of the most important factors in growth, development and yield production in potato planting effects of temperature fluctuations on growth and tuber abnormality and inappropriate quality comes from the special features of the that region being uncontrolled by farmers. Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in 2015-2016 in research station of Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad as split-plot based on Complete Randomized Block Design with three replications. Treatments were combination of four planting dates (March 5th, March 19th, April 3th and May 4th) as main plot and three potato cultivars (Agria, Fontane and Sante) as sub-plots. Harvesting was done 90 days after 50% of emergence. Results and DiscussionNumber of stem per plant as one of the effective potato yield components was not affected by planting date. Results indicated that as planting date was delayed from March 5th to May 4th, leaf area index was increased by 64 and 85% in two cultivars of Agria and Fontane while a decreasing trend of this parameter was observed in Sante. Number of tubers per plant was decreased by delaying planting date from March 5th to May 4th except in Fontane in which number of tubers per plant was increased in April 3th and was reduced thereafter. The highest and lowest tuber yield with a difference of 12391kg.ha-1was found in April 3th and March 19th, respectively and was observed in Fontane cultivar. Tuber dry matter percentage of Agria was increased as planting date delayed while it was increased till April 3th and reduced in Fontane. The highest (22.13) and lowest (18.50) tuber dry matter percentage of Sante was found in March 5th and 19th, respectively. An increasing trend of potato tuber specific weight was observed with delaying planting date in a way that the highest and lowest mean of this parameter was found in March 19th and May 4th, respectively. No significant difference was observed between Agria and Fontane in different planting dates according to reduced sugars content of tubers. Total antioxidant and starch of potato tubers was increased in all three cultivars as planting date was delayed and reduction sugar decreased by delayed in planting date. ConclusionThe number of tubers per plant as well as the number of tuber <30mm per plant decreased with the delay in planting dates, which was affected by the photoperiods of the growing season. Although the tuber yield decreased with delay in planting dates, but the percentage of marketable tubers was higher in late planting dates than in early planting. Late planting dates were better than early plantings. Sante showed a better performance in early planting dates compared to the two other cultivars, producing more marketable tubers with higher quality and dry matter percentage. Generally, it could be concluded that in Mashhad weather conditions, Sante is more appropriate for early planting compared to Agria and Fontane but its superiority is lost when planting date is delayed.

Microtuberization Efficiency of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars under Osmotic Stress in vitro

Banafsheh Jamshidi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Amir Mousavi

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 109-122

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30032.1782

Abstract

IntroductionPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. It is vegetatively propagated using pieces or whole potato tubers, but a virus infection causes ... Read More IntroductionPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. It is vegetatively propagated using pieces or whole potato tubers, but a virus infection causes crop reduction to almost a half or even one third, which varies from place to place and from season to another. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Microtuberization in potato needs the right interaction between several factors such as cyto, sucrose and osmotic stress. The purpose of present study was to investigate microtuberization efficiency of three potato cultivars under osmotic stress and in vitro conditions. Materials and MethodsThis experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Potato seeds of three cultivars (Agria, Savalan and HPS-II/67) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After proliferation, plantlets were transferred to the media containing nine treatments with polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG) at four levels (0.003, 0.006, 0.009, 0.012 M), sorbitol at four levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M). For this purpose, potato quality, microtuberization percentage, proline concentration, chlorophyll content, and Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that plantlets grown under non-stressed conditions (control) possessed higher rates of leaf number, new shoot length and proliferation index compared to the under stressed conditions. Agria cultivar presented better growth characteristics under stressed conditions compared to other experimental cultivars. The highest potato destruction was observed at 0.012 M PEG in Savalan cultivar followed by 0.4 M sorbitol in all cultivars. Microtuberization percentage increased in all three cultivars by stress conditions, in which it increased with progressing in stress levels. The greatest percentage of microtuberization was obtained from Agria cultivar at 0.003 M PEG. Compared to the control, proline concentration, and also CAT and SOD activities increased under stress conditions. Moreover, total chlorophyll content decreased under the stress conditions in comparison to the control. Generally, based on the results, maximum rates of microtuberization and viability were observed in Agria followed by HPS-II/67, and the highest microtuber weight was obtained in HPS-II/67 cultivar. When plants are faced to stress conditions like osmotic stress, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases. On the other hand, plants use different strategies to scavenge the generated ROS. The reduction of chlorophyll content and increases of antioxidant enzyme activities are due to increase of ROS under osmotic stress conditions. ConclusionAt slight stress conditions, potato plants utilize the strategy to generate more tuber. Therefore, the lower concentrations of PEG can be introduced as a stimulator of microtuber.

Meta-Analysis of Root Yield and Sugar Yield of Sugar Beet Genotypes in Karaj Region

Parviz Fasahat; Mohsen Aghaeezadeh; Mozhdeh Kakueinezhad; Leila Jabbari

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 357-368

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32307.1870

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionFood security is affected by many factors, including increased demand, high input prices, soil degradation, the need to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and increased ... Read More AbstractIntroductionFood security is affected by many factors, including increased demand, high input prices, soil degradation, the need to limit greenhouse gas emissions, and increased competition for land and non-potable water. In addition, climate change is expected to have an increasing impact on performance, with statistical analysis of product performance indicating that such an event is taking place. The purpose of plant breeding programs is to develop new varieties with improved characteristics such as yield and nutritional quality. Sugar beet is a root crop specific to temperate regions mainly produced as a sucrose source for human diets. Sugar beet can be planted on any continent except Antarctica, but it performs best in temperate climates. Worldwide production of sugar beet is relatively stable. Studies on the effect of environment and year on sugar beet yield has a long history in Iran. However, it is difficult to achieve a general conclusion due to the dispersion and disparity in the results of various studies. In this study, a meta-analysis method was used to integrate and re-analyze results of independent experiments to achieve a single result. Materials and MethodsTwenty-one experiments carried out at Motahhari Research Station in Karaj, Iran during 2002-17 were evaluated. The effect size was calculated and studies were weighted by replication. Then, the mean effect sizes were estimated followed by confidence intervals, effect size back-transforming and graphs were designed. Results and DiscussionAmong studied years, the highest mean root yield of 89.5, 89.1 and 87.8 t ha-1 were obtained in 2018, 2006 and 2012, respectively. Results integration showed that in 2006, 2011, 2014, and 2017, root yield of sugar beet increased by 19.2%, 2.2%, 2.8% and 18.6%, respectively. Different parameters can be used to describe improved agricultural productivity; one of which is the yield increase over time attributed to advances in plant breeding as well as changes in crop operations and environmental conditions (especially climate). Another parameter is the yield potential of a crop described as the performance of a cultivar grown in compatible environments without nutrient and water restrictions and under the effective control of pests, diseases, weeds, and other stresses. Meta-analysis results showed that increase in sugar yield of sugar beet genotypes was similar to the root yield, with the difference that in the years 2006, 2011, 2014 and 2017, variations in percentage was less than root yield. One of the most important results in this study was the illustration of the reduction in slope of negative relationship between root yield and sugar yield in commercial cultivars. ConclusionIn this study, trials were performed under normal conditions and in a disease-free environment. According to the obtained results, use of meta-analysis method in breeding programs to estimate the effect of year on performance along with other statistical methods is recommended.

Evaluating Quality Indices of Extracts in Green and Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting

Reza Moradi; SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Abdulmahdi Bakhshandeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat

Volume 42, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 402-415

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.25618.1595

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives International forces and public pressure to prevent environmental pollution have changed burnt sugarcane harvesting to green sugarcane harvesting ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives International forces and public pressure to prevent environmental pollution have changed burnt sugarcane harvesting to green sugarcane harvesting in most important sugarcane-producing regions of the world. In the major countries that produce sugarcane, sufficient research has been done on green sugarcane harvesting. Due to climate difference between Iran and other countries, it is essential to investigate all the aspects of green cane harvesting such as the quality indices of extracts in Khuzestan, Iran. Materials and Methods To compare extract quality in burnt and green sugarcane harvesting, a test was performed in 2015-2016 at Emam Khomeini Agro industry company (latitude 31,44o N, longitude 48,44o E and 24 m asl). A spilet plot design was used. Three sugarcane varieties with different ripeness durations were considered as the main plot and five harvesting methods and ratooning including burnt harvesting, green cane harvesting without rationing, green cane harvesting with rationing, green cane harvesting with one reshape replication and green cane harvesting with two reshape replications with four replications were considered as the sub plot. Trash percent, extraction percent (Ex), total solid material solute in extract (Brix), sugar percent in extract (Pol), extract purity degree (Pty), recovery sugar percent in factory (R.S) and the yield were studied. Results Results showed the varieties had a significant difference regarding all the parameters except Ex. Maximum Ex (%41.863), and the yield (93 t/ha) belonging to Cp69-1062 varieties. Cp73-21 had the maximum Brix (%20.35) and Pol (%18.16). Methods of harvesting and ratooning caused a significant difference as to the trash percent, R.S, the yield and Brix. The mean of trash in green harvesting was 7 %but it was 4% in burnt harvesting. Maximum Brix belonged to the burnt but had no significant difference with that of the green harvesting. Pol percent in the burnt was not significantly different from the two green harvesting methods. The average yields of burnt and green harvestings were 83 t/ha and 74 t/ha respectively. Finally, green harvesting increased Pty. Discussion The results of this study show that in green cane harvesting, as compared with burnt cane harvesting, the trash is increased and the yield is decrease. Because the trash prevents the recovery sugar, we expected that quality indices in green cane harvesting to be worse than burnt cane harvesting. However, due to having fresh cane in green cane harvesting, the parameters of quality, especially the purity, were higher than those in burnt cane harvesting. In the executive phase, the difference between the green and burnt harvesting is more than this experiment because a cane field that has been burnt for harvesting is usually detained for more than 12 hours for transporting the cane to the factory, resulting in much lower quality. The benefits of green cane harvesting will better be understood now if the trash is decreased in green cane harvesting by setting and changing the harvesters.

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Confectionary Sunflower Landraces in Different Levels of Irrigation

E. Gholinezhad; R. Darvishzadeh

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19226.1383

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for many respects, including phonological traits, morphology, agronomic and physiological. Sunflower is a crop that can withstand a variety of environmental conditions, particularly drought and due to the developed root system. It has high efficiency in absorbing water from the soil. Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a lack of cholesterol, the oil benefits from a desirable quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity and the heritability of agro-morphological traits in confectionary sunflower under different levels of drought stress. Materials and Methods 56 local populations were studied in three separate experiments in rectangular lattice design (7×8) with two replications at Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan province, Urmia, Iran in 2012. Water treatments were well-watered, moderate and severe water stress conditions so that irrigation was applied with 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of available water, respectively. Various agronomic and morphological traits were calculated based on measuring traits in sunflower. Productivity effort as a physiological trait was measured by dividing the total dry weight of reproductive organs (head) to the total dry weight of plant. Results The results showed that in all three different water treatment conditions, heritability of head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, grain and biological yield was more than other traits. In well-watered conditions, moderate heritability varied between 0.52% for number of seeds per head to 80.61% for plant height. In moderate drought stress condition, the maximum and minimum heritability belonged to head diameter (76.21%) and chlorophyll index (26.45%), respectively. In severe drought stress condition, the most and the least heritability was observed for stem diameter (83.64%) and number of seeds per head (0 %), respectively. Among yield components, the heritability of 1000-grain weight at three water treatment conditions was higher compared to number of seeds per head, so for increasing grain yield, selection via 1000-grain will be more efficient. Discussion For the traits of grain yield, head diameter, stem diameter, biomass yield, chlorophyll index, dry weight of leaf, head and head with grain, the heritability in severe drought stress was higher than optimum conditions and this showed that the phenotypic variance is a large proportion of the genetic variance of more favorable traits. Due to the fixed component in the numerator and the denominator of genetic variance, environmental variance decreased in drought stress conditions in comparison with optimum irrigation conditions.

Effect of Seed Deterioration on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Norman var.) Seed

H. Balouchi; R. Ostadian Bidgoly

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 37-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.13116

Abstract

Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds ... Read More Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds age depends upon their physiological status, genetic constitution and storage conditions. The lipid peroxidation through the production of free radical plays an important role in the loss of seed viability during seed storage. Material and Methods In order to investigate the effect of deterioration on germination indices and enzymes activity of the flax oil seed, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the seed laboratory of Yasouj University in 2015. The factors included 4 levels of temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45oC) and moisture content (5, 9, 13 and 17%). With relation intended seed moisture, Hampton and Teckrony (1995) was calculated. After determining the moisture content of the seeds in envelopes of aluminum foil was placed, then the amount of water the need added and to ensure that the packaging and moisture exchange with the outside world for 24 hours at 15 °C were identical to the seed moisture and then for 6 months in storage conditions at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 45oC were kept. Results Analysis of variance showed that the single effects including temperature and seed moisture content experimental treatments for traits including germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index (weight), activity enzymes antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, soluble proteins, electrical conductivity and oil percentage were significant (P≤0.01). Also, the interaction temperature and seed moisture content of all treatments except for enzyme, activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were significant (P≤0.01) but were significant (P≤0.05) for the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. The results showed that with increasing temperature and moisture content, all the physiological and biochemical traits, except for electrical conductivity, decreased. The decrease in germination was also associated with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase and as a result the antioxidant system was not sufficient to protect seeds against free radical damage. With the increase in reactive oxygen species, lipids peroxidation increased, probably due to the destruction of cell membranes, increased electrical conductivity seed the negative correlation between the electrical conductivity and the activity of the enzymes antioxidant indicator of the issue. Discussions Thus, oil flax seed deterioration was closely related to decrease in the activities of free radical detoxifying enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation. In general, the best flax seed storage condition is at 15°C and 5 percent moisture content.

Study of Drought and Salinity Stress Effect on Some Physiological Characters of Two Canola (Brassica Napus L.) Varieties in Ahvaz

F. Yousefi; P. Hassibi; H. Roshanfekr; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 25-34

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11830

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the sole and combined effects of drought and salinity stresses on some physiological characters of two canola varieties in Ahvaz as outdoor ... Read More

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Nitroprusside Foliar Application on Photosynthetic Pigments and Some Traits of Spring Safflower under Water Deficit Stress

S. Arab; M. Baradaran Firouzabadi; H.R. Asghari

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 93-104

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11845

Abstract

Abstract Nowadays, the application of antioxidants and plant growth regulators is assumed to decrease the negative effect of different stresses. Ascorbic acid and Sodium nitroprusside ... Read More

Evaluation of yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamustinctorius L.) under plant residues treatments, nitrogen and micro elements in Ahvaz

S.N. Ghaemmaghami; M. Meskarbashee; A.A. Moezzi

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 119-130

Abstract

In order to investigate the yield and components of safflower under plant residue treatments, nitrogen and micro element in Ahvaz, this experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 cropping ... Read More

Isolation of Azospirillum and evaluation of the effect of four superior isolates on the germination of Canola seeds

N. Ghaderi; M. Olamaee; M.H. Arzanesh; Y. Mohammadnezhad; A.R. Rabiezadeh

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 9-21

Abstract

Azospirillum is one of the plant growth-promoting bacteria which is in the rhizosphere and the intercellular of the cereals and other plant roots. One of the characteristics of this ... Read More

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Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Main Subjects = A: Industrial Crops

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