Plant Productions

Evaluation of seed germination of Salicornia persica under iso osmotic conditions using hydrotime and halotime models

Tayebeh Ataei Nasab; Hamidreza Balouchi; Ali Moradi; Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 79-90

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.41253.2045

Abstract

IntroductionSeedling germination and establishment are one of the most sensitive stages of plant life that play a role in plant production, proper plant establishment, plant density, ... Read More IntroductionSeedling germination and establishment are one of the most sensitive stages of plant life that play a role in plant production, proper plant establishment, plant density, and uniformity and management goals. Osmotic stress has a significant effect on germination percentage and rate. Salicornia persica is an annual halophyte plant that can grow in saline environments. According to the studies and the importance of determining the tolerances of salinity and drought tolerance in germination and plant establishment, this study aimed to investigate the effect of osmotic potentials of polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride on germination and fit of time-moisture and time-salinity models of Salicornia seeds. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of osmotic potentials caused by polyethylene glycol and sodium chloride on germination and fit of Hydrotime and Halotime models of Salicornia seeds, two experiments were conducted based on a completely randomized design at Yasouj University in 2020. The first experimental in drought stress treatments included 13 levels of osmotic potential (zero, -0.3, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2, -1.5, -1.8, -21, -2.4, -2.7, -3, 3.3 and -3.6 MPa) which were made of polyethylene glycol 6000 and second in salinity stress included 13 levels of sodium chloride concentration that was iso-osmotic with first experiment (Zero, 62, 122, 187, 249, 311, 368, 435, 498, 560, 622, 684 and 745 mM). After the end of the germination period, the characteristics of germination rate and percentage were calculated and the hydrotime model was used to describe the relationship between germination and water potential, and the halotime model was used to describe the relationship between germination and salinity. To select the best model among the osmotic potentials, root mean square parameters and R2 were used. Results and DiscussionThe results of mean comparison of effect of osmotic potentials on the percentage of germination showed that in PEG and NaCl treatment, it was almost 100% up to the level of -1.2 and -1.5 MPa, respectively, and after that, a decreasing trend was observed, so that at the level of -3.3 MP showed a decrease of about 90 and 85%, respectively. The output results of the models showed that the coefficient of the hydrotime and halotime models were 96.8 MPa.h and 16181.87 mM.h, respectively, and the drought and salinity tolerance thresholds were -3.28 MPa and 714.62 mM, respectively. The halotime model quantified the germination of Salicornia seeds better than the hydrotime model. Drought stress limits the absorption of water by seeds and affects germination by reducing the movement and transfer of seed reserves or by directly affecting the structure and synthesis of protein in the embryo. Salinity increases the osmotic pressure of the solution and reduces water absorption through the seeds. On the other hand, high salinity causes toxicity and disturbs the ionic balance and reduces seed germination by affecting the vital interactions of the seed. ConclusionThe rate of decrease in germination rate and percentage in drought stress was higher than salinity stress. Based on the results of this study, using the halotime model in biological studies of halophyte plants under osmotic stress, the tolerance threshold and the time required for germination at different salt concentrations can be well determined.

Risk Assessment of Gas Pollutants on Seed Germination of Canola by Grey Theory and Image Analysis

Fatemeh Afsharnia; Amir Mousavi

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 347-359

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40213.2016

Abstract

IntroductionFrom an agricultural point of view, seeds are the starting point of all activities that lead to crop production. Today, agricultural machinery is one of the most important ... Read More IntroductionFrom an agricultural point of view, seeds are the starting point of all activities that lead to crop production. Today, agricultural machinery is one of the most important sources of environmental pollutants in mechanized farms and pollution caused by them can disrupt the germination process and plant growth. Therefore, in addition to a variety of environmental challenges, such as salinity and drought stress, contamination from agricultural machinery can also be added to germination and seedling growth as a threat. Materials and MethodsBased on the gray correlation coefficient between the comparison series and the standard series, a relative series can be created. If γ (x_0, x_i) ≥γ (x_0, x_j), which indicates the degree of correlation between x_i and x_0, is greater than x_j and x_0; In this case, the relationship between potential causes and the optimal amounts of decision factors is shown. In the sense that a larger degree of connection has a smaller effect. Therefore, increasing the degree of prioritization of risk indicates the potential reasons that need to be improved. To analyze the risk of gaseous pollutants leaving the tractor exhaust, the treatment with the lowest gray correlation coefficient should show the highest risk priority. So that the highest degree of gray connection determines the best state of seed treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pollutants from tractor exhaust in three different initial life, useful life and burn on canola seed germination. This factorial experiment was performed based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Experimental treatments include three different tractor life periods including initial life, useful life and wear as the first factor, and treatment for the duration of seeds exposed to tractor exhaust pollution including zero, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes as the factor. The second was considered. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the highest values of root and stem length, germination rate coefficient, germination index, germination rate index and canola seed vigor were obtained from the absence of exhaust pollution; while the lowest amount of these traits was related to the treatment of exposure to contamination for 120 minutes and worn tractor. Conversely, the amount of seed protein and the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase increased with increasing tractor wear and duration of contamination. Calculations based on gray theory showed that the treatment with a lower rank is the preferred treatment and has a lower risk according to all growth indices considered for rapeseed. In this study, zero time for different tractor lives without treatment, the risk was identified. Therefore, it is likely that increasing the exposure time to the tractor exhaust contaminant will gradually reduce the seed tolerance and poisoning threshold. ConclusionGray's theory has shown that the duration of exposure is more important than the amount of contamination. The severity of exposure also varied depending on the degree of infection. Rapeseed seeds were more sensitive to contaminants from worn-out tractors than new tractors. The sensitivity of these seeds doubles the need to replace worn-out machines, service and repair tractors in a timely manner, use clean fuel, and use new or serviceable tractors.

Evaluation of the Effect of Bio-Priming and Seed Coating on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Indices of Chenopodium Quinoa in Cadmium Stress

Zahra Hajizadeh; Hamidreza Balouchi; Amin Salehi; Ali Moradi; Rasool Rezaei

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 215-228

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.38615.1994

Abstract

IntroductionCadmium contamination limits biodiversity, the activity of microbes and enzymes in the soil, and threatens human health through the food chain. Seed pretreatment is a common ... Read More IntroductionCadmium contamination limits biodiversity, the activity of microbes and enzymes in the soil, and threatens human health through the food chain. Seed pretreatment is a common way to improve seed germination under stress conditions such as heavy metal stress, which increases seedling resistance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bio-priming with Bacillus subtilis and seed coating on seed germination and seedling growth indices of quinoa under cadmium stress. Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in laboratory and greenhouse conditions in three separate factorial experiments by two factors in a completely randomized design with 4 replications at laboratory and greenhouse of Yasouj University in 2019. In the first experiment, the first factor is bio-priming with Bacillus subtilis bacteria in two levels of presence and absence of bacteria and the second factor is cadmium stress in three levels of zero, 0.3, and 0.6 mM cadmium nitrate, in the second experiment, the first factor is the coating on three levels of seed inoculation with bio-priming treatment, then coating them, mixing bacteria with coating materials, then coating the seeds and coating alone and the second factor is three levels of treatment a combination coating of vermiculite (V), kaolin (K) and perlite (P) including V10K2.5P5, V8K2P4, and V12K3P6. In the third experiment, the first factor is Uncoated ± bio-priming and coated ± bio-priming and the second factor is cadmium stress factor at three levels of 0, 100 and 200 mM was cadmium nitrate. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that cadmium stress decreased germination indices and this downward trend increased with increasing stress intensity. Seed bio-priming increased the longitudinal index of quinoa seedling vigor and improved seedling growth. Seed coverage somewhat reduced germination indices, but in many cases, the presence of bacteria improved this downward trend and increased the number of quinoa germination indices. Also, increasing cadmium in soil caused a 72% increase in root cadmium content and a decrease in seed rate and germination percentage. Cadmium inhibits water absorption in seeds and reduces the amount of water in seedlings, which affects seed germination. Exposure to cadmium prevents seed germination, seedling growth, etc. The most important disorders caused by cadmium were reduced growth of roots and leaves and damage to DNA, which subsequently disrupted the cell cycle and changed the structure of cell walls and even cell death. Bacillus subtilis activates systemic induction resistance (ISR) in many plant products, thereby increasing disease resistance caused by pathogenic organisms and plant growth. This bacterium acts as a PGPR and protects the plant against stress. ConclusionConsequently, cadmium did not prevent quinoa germination, but its destructive effects were visible in other traits and caused a decrease in seedling length and weight, as well as seedling stem length and weight vigur index. Also, the coating of quinoa seeds caused a decrease in the germination rate, which by increasing the compounds surrounding the seed mixed with bacteria and coating materials, it was able to increase the germination rate by 8% in the combination of V10K2.5P5 and 16% in the combination of V12K3P6 rather than without bacteria treatment.

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

A. Rezai; H. Balouchi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; I. Adhami

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 69-82

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13551

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from the adverse effects to exposure of heavy metals. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different priming on seed germination indices of sorghum under Cadmium chloride and nitrate stress condition in laboratory. Materials and Methods The germination experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor was heavy metal treatments including 7 levels of cadmium chloride and nitrate, each in four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM) and the second factor included 9 levels: gibberellic acid priming at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/l, salicylic acid in two levels 0.3 and 0.6 mM, potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1 and 2% and concentrations of -3 and -6 bar of PEG and non-priming. Results The results of the germination experiment showed that the highest and lowest seed germination rates and percentage were obtained in 200 mM of cadmium nitrate and 600 mM of cadmium nitrate and chloride treatment, respectively, while 0.3 and 0.6 mM of salicylic acid application increased the germination rate. The highest and lowest length and weight vigor index were observed in 0 mM cadmium and 600 mM of cadmium chloride respectively, that 800 mg/l of gibberellic acid application leads to increasing the vigor index. Catalase activity in seed sorghum was increased by increasing of cadmium concentrations but decreased by using different priming. Discussion In relation to the slow germination under stress cadmium cell membrane, probably one of the important points is that the severely damaged cells leak out and vigor will be reduced. Priming with the reconstruction of damaged cells, reduces barriers to the growth of the fetus, increases the quality and quantity of protein synthesis, and increases tolerance to environmental stresses. Cadmium also reacts to sulfhydryl groups in the structure of enzymes and proteins. Plant water relations and gas exchange pores have a negative effect on processes of respiration and photosynthesis and increase production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells causes. Active oxygen species due to the desire for high electron affinity, and the basic biomolecules such as lipids, cells, proteins and nucleic acids can cause damage.

Effect of Seed Deterioration on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Norman var.) Seed

H. Balouchi; R. Ostadian Bidgoly

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 37-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.13116

Abstract

Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds ... Read More Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds age depends upon their physiological status, genetic constitution and storage conditions. The lipid peroxidation through the production of free radical plays an important role in the loss of seed viability during seed storage. Material and Methods In order to investigate the effect of deterioration on germination indices and enzymes activity of the flax oil seed, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the seed laboratory of Yasouj University in 2015. The factors included 4 levels of temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45oC) and moisture content (5, 9, 13 and 17%). With relation intended seed moisture, Hampton and Teckrony (1995) was calculated. After determining the moisture content of the seeds in envelopes of aluminum foil was placed, then the amount of water the need added and to ensure that the packaging and moisture exchange with the outside world for 24 hours at 15 °C were identical to the seed moisture and then for 6 months in storage conditions at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 45oC were kept. Results Analysis of variance showed that the single effects including temperature and seed moisture content experimental treatments for traits including germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index (weight), activity enzymes antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, soluble proteins, electrical conductivity and oil percentage were significant (P≤0.01). Also, the interaction temperature and seed moisture content of all treatments except for enzyme, activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were significant (P≤0.01) but were significant (P≤0.05) for the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. The results showed that with increasing temperature and moisture content, all the physiological and biochemical traits, except for electrical conductivity, decreased. The decrease in germination was also associated with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase and as a result the antioxidant system was not sufficient to protect seeds against free radical damage. With the increase in reactive oxygen species, lipids peroxidation increased, probably due to the destruction of cell membranes, increased electrical conductivity seed the negative correlation between the electrical conductivity and the activity of the enzymes antioxidant indicator of the issue. Discussions Thus, oil flax seed deterioration was closely related to decrease in the activities of free radical detoxifying enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation. In general, the best flax seed storage condition is at 15°C and 5 percent moisture content.

Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Morphological Traits and Essential oil Content of Moldavian Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

Vafa Torfi; A D; Keramatollah Saeidi

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 57-70

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12055

Abstract

Background and Objectives Dragonhead or Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), which belong to Lamiaceae family is an annual medicinal herbaceous and aromatic plant that ... Read More Background and Objectives Dragonhead or Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), which belong to Lamiaceae family is an annual medicinal herbaceous and aromatic plant that its essential oil is used widely in medicine, food, cosmetic and health industries. Due to the importance and role of medicinal plants in various industries, there is an increasing demand for herbal medicines. The indiscriminate use of chemical fertilizers has increased crop production, but has also harmed ecosystems. Some studies show that the use of some microbial species that are collectively designated as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can improve yield and quality of medicinal plants. Given the importance of environmental health and food safety, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PGPR on morphological traits and essential oil content of Moldavian dragonhead. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with eight treatments and three replications at research station of faculty of agriculture, Shahrekord university. No bacterial inoculation was used as control and seeds inoculated with Rhodococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Mycobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Azotobacter sp., Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens were considered as bacterial treatments. Results The results showed that all bacterial treatments had a significant effect on plant height, number of branches, number of flowering shoot, leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, biological yield, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area (LA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, essential oil content and yield. Mycobacterium sp. treatment had the most effect on plant height, number of branches, leaf and shoot dry weight, number of flowering shoot, biomass and chlorophyll b. Bacillus sp. treatment had the most effect on leaf dry weight, number of flowering shoot, leaf area and essential oil content and yield. The highest crop growth rate and chlorophyll a were observed in Rhodococcus sp.treatment. Discussion In general, the Bacillus sp., Mycobacteriumsp., Rhodococcus sp., andPseudomonas putida treatments had the most influence on Moldavian dragonhead. Since the purpose of medicinal production is obtaining the highest content of essential oil and biomass yield, based on these results, the use of Bacillus sp., and Mycobacterium sp., bacterial inoculation treatments, as biopriming, can be recommended for increasing biomass and essential oil content in Moldavian dragonhead.

The effect of chilling stress on anti-oxidative enzymes activity in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Z. Hasannejad; S.M. Seyyednejad; Abdol Ali Gilani; P. Hassibi

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 27-37

Abstract

In order to investigate the chilling effect and consequently oxidative stress on anti-oxidant system of two rice cultivars a field experiment was conducted in Research Center of Agriculture ... Read More

Effect of gamma ray treatment on seed germination traits and seedling growth of Agropyron elongatum and Bromus tomentellus

A. Alizadeh; G.A. Dianati Tilaki; B. Naserian Khiabani

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 69-77

Abstract

In this study seeds of two important rangeland species were treated with 3, 6, 15, 20, 30, 50, 100 and 150 Gy of gamma ray and its effect on germination traits was investigatedin range ... Read More

Evaluation of water deficit stress tolerance induced by seed priming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

A. Eivazi; A. Najafi Par; S.H. Mousavi Anzabi; H. Ranji

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural ... Read More To evaluate the effects of seed priming on inducing of water stress tolerance, an experiment was carried out under laboratory and field conditions in Satloo station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in West Azerbaijan province at 2008-9 seasons. A factorial experiment was formed, with the first factor including four cultivars Zarrin and Shahriar (irrigated cultivars), Sardary and Azar (rainfed cultivars) and the second factor, hydro-priming, osmotic solutions (10% polyethylene glycol (8000), 2.5% KCL, 5% NaCl, 10% Urea, 4/0% Micro nutrient), plant growth regulators (1000 ppm Cycocel and 20 ppm Auxin) and non priming as a control. Treatments were arranged at laboratory in Completely Randomized Design and two separate experiments with Randomized Blocks Design under normal and water stress at field conditions with five replications. Irrigation was held at booting stage in water stress experiment. Results of analysis of variance showed that there were statistically significant differences for traits of plumule and radical lenghts and their dry weights, grain yield and its components, total dry matter and relative water content of lage feaf (P≤0.05). Pretreatment of Cycocel was allocated maximum plumule (17.8cm) and radical (17.2cm) lenghts and their dry weights (8.0 and 11.5mg, respectively). All priming treatments at four cultivars had more grain yield than control and at plant growth regulators were dominant and the highest variation percentage. Total dry matter (-10.7%), grain yield (-4.0%) and relative water content (-9.3%) at seed priming with potassium cholride had the lowest variation percentage under water stress than normal conditions. This pretreatment increased spike per squar meter in Shariar, Zarrin and Azar. Within cultivars, Azar with 0.89 susceptibility index was the most tolerance to drought stress. Traits of total dry matter, grain per spike and spike per squar meter observed positive significant correlations with grain yield at seed priming treatments, 0.91**, 0.92** and 0.79*, respectively. It seems that these traits could be used as an indirect criterion for selection of cultivars with high grain yield.

Influence of soil incorporating wheat residues on agronomic and physiological traits of red common bean

F. Salehi; M.J. Bahrani; S.A.R. S.A.R. Kazemeini; H. Pakniyat; N.A. Karimian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 89-101

Abstract

Crop residues are useful substances that can have important changes in soil biologic, chemical and physical properties and also can increase or stabilize crops yield. In order to save ... Read More

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Main Subjects = A: Seed Sciences

Evaluation of seed germination of Salicornia persica under iso osmotic conditions using hydrotime and halotime models

Abstract

Risk Assessment of Gas Pollutants on Seed Germination of Canola by Grey Theory and Image Analysis

Abstract

Evaluation of the Effect of Bio-Priming and Seed Coating on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Indices of Chenopodium Quinoa in Cadmium Stress

Abstract

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

Abstract

Effect of Seed Deterioration on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Norman var.) Seed

Abstract

Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Morphological Traits and Essential oil Content of Moldavian Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.)

Abstract

The effect of chilling stress on anti-oxidative enzymes activity in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars

Abstract

Effect of gamma ray treatment on seed germination traits and seedling growth of Agropyron elongatum and Bromus tomentellus

Abstract

Evaluation of water deficit stress tolerance induced by seed priming in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars

Abstract

Influence of soil incorporating wheat residues on agronomic and physiological traits of red common bean

Abstract