Plant Productions

Investigation of Seed Storage Proteins Diversity in Some Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars

Fatemeh Soorninia; Abdollah Najaphy; Danial Kahrizi; Ali Mostafaie; Ali Ashraf Mehrabi

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 385-396

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.39915.2012

Abstract

IntroductionReducing the genetic diversity of crops as a result of the use of breeding processes leads to the loss of a large number of useful genes and thus reduces the diversity of ... Read More IntroductionReducing the genetic diversity of crops as a result of the use of breeding processes leads to the loss of a large number of useful genes and thus reduces the diversity of genetic resources, which is one of the undeniable tools of breeding programs. Therefore, researches aimed at studying the genetic diversity of crops can be an effective aid in preserving genetic resources and identifying superior genotypes. Electrophoresis of seed storage proteins is a useful tool to study the characteristics of wheat genotypes in terms of storage proteins diversity. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, the diversity of seed storage proteins of 25 durum wheat genotypes obtained from different regions of Iran, including some landraces and commercial cultivars, was investigated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Storage proteins of the studied genotypes were scored and analyzed after extraction and electrophoresis. Grain protein content and total gluten were measured by NIR and glutomatic gluten washer machines, respectively. Results and DiscussionElectrophoresis identified 14 polymorphic bands. Molecular analysis of variance between landraces and commercial cultivars showed 100% intragroup diversity. Cluster analysis using Jaccard coefficients by UPGMA method divided the studied genotypes into 4 groups. Genotypes No. 9 (Land race of Mashhad), 18 (Land race of Ahar) and 24 (Landrace of Islamabad Gharb) were placed each in a separate group and the rest of the genotypes formed another group. The two-dimensional graph resulting from principal component analysis also confirmed these four groups. Based on Jaccard similarity matrix, the lowest similarity and highest genetic distance were determined between genotypes No. 24 (Land race of Islamabad Gharb) with genotypes No. 21 (Dehdasht cultivar), 22 (Land race of Khorramabad), 23 (Dena cultivar) and 25 (Land race of Khorramabad) with a similarity coefficient of 0.41 was obtained. On the other hand, comparing the mean of genotypes for qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten, the highest amount of these two traits for genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) and the lowest values of both traits were obtained for genotype No. 24 (Landrace of Islamabad-West). Genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) is also one of the genotypes with high amounts of gluten. ConclusionThe electrophoretic pattern of seed storage proteins can determine genetic diversity based on the presence or absence of protein bands. Therefore it can be a useful tool to identify the genetic diversity of different plants. It is also possible for genotypes that have the greatest genetic distance and at the same time have good quantitative and qualitative traits to participate in breeding programs as parents. In the present study, according to the study of genotypes by analyzing the variance of qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten and comparing the mean and grouping them using the information obtained by electrophoresis, a cross can be found between genotypes genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) Due to their high content of gluten and protein with genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) due to its high content of gluten and acceptable genetic distance with the mentioned genotypes

Response of Different Tomato Varieties to the Replacement of Chemical Toxins Controlling Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) by Some Endogenous Plant Compounds

Zahra Qalebi; Mohammad Modarresi; Fariba Sohrabi; Dariush Saberi; Mohammad Hedayat

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 531-544

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.34980.1940

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionPests and their controlling pesticides are among the most serious threats to the health of agricultural products. The present study was aimed to investigate ... Read More AbstractIntroductionPests and their controlling pesticides are among the most serious threats to the health of agricultural products. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of variety and the possibility of replacing chemical pesticides controlling fruit borer with some compounds of natural origin for plant traits improvement and damage reduction of tomato fruit borer. Factorial experiment was done in the template of randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Materials and MethodsFactors included 9 levels of pest control compounds and 5 varieties (PA-136, PA-162, PA-135, PA-688 and PA-483). Compounds involved Salicylic acid (5 and 15 mM), Jasmonic acid (50 and 100 μM), two pesticides, Abamectin (750 and 1500 mg/L), Chlorpyrifos (1250 and 2500 mg/L) and control. Measured traits involved morphological traits (fruit yield, fruit weigh, numbers of fruit per cluster, plant height and chlorophyll index), phonological traits (days to flowering and days to physiological maturation), phytochemical traits (TA, TSS, and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)) and relative properties to evaluating resistance to fruit borer (the percentage of leaf and fruit damage). Results and DiscussionSignificant variation was observed between varieties. The maximum fruit yield per plant was related to PA-136 variety with applications of two-levels of Chlorpyrifos and Jasmonic acid, PA-162 variety with application of first level of Abamactin, second level of Salicylic acid and PA-135 and PA-688 varieties with the second level of Chlorpyrifos. The highest significant positive correlation with yield related to single fruit weight (r=0.48**) and the highest significant negative correlation were related to days to flowering (r= -0.52**). In stepwise regression analysis of single plant yield as a dependent variable, three traits including days to flowering, single fruit weight, and a percentage of pest damage on leaf (as the most important traits) were incorporated in the regression model that totally explained 49% of variations. Path analysis results indicated that the highest positive direct effect (0.42) was related to single fruit weight, and the highest indirect effects (-0.047) had to do with this trait via days to flowering. The first four components were chosen in principal component analysis, explaining totally 62.5% of phenotypes variation. ConclusionReducing pest damage on leaf and fruit in applying Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid is suitable and resulted in the same level of chemical control use.Thus, findings may be used in the design of breeding programs for plant trait improvement and integrated pest management of tomato fruit borer.

The Evaluation of the Elite Genotypes for Drought Tolerance in Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Using Drought Tolerance Indices

Maryam Dorrani-Nejad; Sonia Aghighi; Ghasem Mohammadi-Nejad

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 227-238

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.24247.1539

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plants in the world. It has a short life cycle (100-120 days) ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is one of the most important aromatic and medicinal plants in the world. It has a short life cycle (100-120 days) and needs little water for its growth cycle. Therefore, it is suitable for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Different indices, including tolerance (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), harmonic mean (HM), yield index (YI), and yield stability index (YSI) have been employed for screening the stress tolerant genotypes. Due to the economic, medicinal, and aromatic importance of cumin, this study evaluated elite genotypes for drought tolerance in cumin in order to develop improved genetic population for farmers’ usage. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out in the research field of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, during the growing season of 2016-2017. In this study, 15 elite genotypes in cumin were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications in two different environments, including normal and stress conditions. Stress treatment was cutting-off irrigation at the early flowering stage. Seed yield (ton/ha) was measured. Tolerance indices were calculated for genotypes based on the seed yield. To find suitable indices in order to determine the tolerant genotypes, the correlation coefficient between the calculated indices YP and YS was performed. To evaluate the relationship between the tolerance indices and the studied genotypes, principal components analysis (PCA) was performed. In order to use all tolerance indices simultaneously, an equation was used for estimating the stress tolerance score (STS). Results The results of the correlation analysis revealed that GMP, MP, and STI indices were positively correlated with seed yield under both stress and non-stress conditions. Therefore, they can be suitable indices for determining tolerant genotypes. Principal components analysis (PCA) showed that the first and second Principal component explained 61.89% and 37.52% of the total variation, respectively. According to the bi-plot graph, genotypes No. 7, 12, 8, and 13 with high MP, GMP, and STI scores and low TOL and SSI scores had the highest tolerance to drought stress. Based on the calculated STS (stress tolerance score), genotypes No. 7, 4, 12, 8, and 13 were the most tolerant genotypes and genotypes No. 14, 10, 6, 9, and 2 were the most sensitive genotypes, respectively. These results were identical with the results of bi-plot analysis. Moreover, this equation is much easier to be used than the multivariate analysis, such as principal components analysis (PCA). Discussion The aim of this study was the evaluation and selection of tolerant genotypes with high seed yield, and based on the results obtained from all the applied methods, it can be concluded that genotypes No. 7, 4, 12, 8, and 13 are identified as tolerant genotypes and were recommended to develop improved genetic population after being-tested in other places.

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Keywords = Principal component analysis

Investigation of Seed Storage Proteins Diversity in Some Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars

Abstract

Response of Different Tomato Varieties to the Replacement of Chemical Toxins Controlling Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) by Some Endogenous Plant Compounds

Abstract

The Evaluation of the Elite Genotypes for Drought Tolerance in Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Using Drought Tolerance Indices

Abstract