Plant Productions

The Effect of Dehydration Stress on Yield, Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Hybrids Obtained From Crossbreeding of Commercial Potato Cultivars

Mohammad Reza Vesali; Reza Baradaran; Davood Hassanpanah; Mohammad Javad Soqa al-Islami

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 241-252

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.32122.1862

Abstract

IntroductionPotatoes are a plant sensitive to water stress and are a rich source of carbohydrates, essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, proteins and antioxidants. ... Read More IntroductionPotatoes are a plant sensitive to water stress and are a rich source of carbohydrates, essential nutrients such as fiber, vitamins, minerals, proteins and antioxidants. Drought is one of the most common tensions that has always threatened the production of agricultural products and has affected a large area of the world. Therefore, due to the scarcity of water resources, it is necessary to increase water consumption efficiency in the agricultural sector and to pay more attention to water control and storage methods, including irrigation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dehydration stress on yield, quantitative and qualitative traits of hybrids obtained from crosses of commercial potato cultivars in Ardabil province. Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of dehydration stress on yield, quantitative and qualitative traits of hybrids resulting from cross-breeding of commercial potato cultivars for two years (2017-97) in the greenhouse of Zare Gostar Arta Agricultural Company in Ardabil province. Split plot experiment Based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The main factor included three levels of irrigation (100, 85 and 70% of the plant's water requirement) and the sub-factor included 12 potato hybrids that were the result of crossing four cultivars Losta, Banba, Spirit and Agria as parents. Statistical calculations were performed using Sas 9.1 and Mini-tab 16 statistical software. Results and DiscussionThe results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in terms of all evaluated traits except main stem diameter, tuber dry matter percentage, tuber specific gravity and tuber starch percentage. In terms of bilateral effect of irrigation levels × cultivars, except for tuber dry matter percentage, tuber specific gravity and tuber starch percentage, significant differences were observed in other traits. Treatment of 100% water usable in the swamp (a Luca × Esprit♂) with an average of 53.56 tons per hectare maximum tuber yield and treatments of 85% water usable in the confluence (♀ Luca × Esprit×) and 65% water usable in the swamp (uc Luca × Esprit♂) with an average of 49.75 and 50.39 tons per hectare, respectively, had the lowest tuber yield. Crossing No. 10 (baBanba × Esprit♀) with an average of 21.52% had the highest percentage of dry matter and along with crosses No. 1, 7 and 9 were in the top group. The results of correlation between the evaluated traits in these three conditions separately showed that in all three water conditions the correlation between tuber yield and tuber weight per plant was positive and significant and at irrigation levels of 100, 85 and 65, respectively ( r= 0.98**, 0.99** and 0.99 **). Percentage of tuber dry matter, tuber specific gravity and percentage of tuber starch had a significant negative correlation with tuber yield and tuber weight per plant at 85% of usable water stress. ConclusionWith this in mind, Cross No. 10 (baBanba × Esprit♀) is recommended among the crosses under evaluation for processing (chips).

Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters, Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Alfalfa Genotypes

Ahmad Ali Shoushi Dezfuli; Mohammad khorramian; Ali Assareh

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 545-558

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.35110.1942

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionWater resources limitation and plant stress due to water shortage is one of the important and common environmental stresses in agricultural production, including ... Read More AbstractIntroductionWater resources limitation and plant stress due to water shortage is one of the important and common environmental stresses in agricultural production, including forage production in hot and dry areas. Therefore, the selection and development of drought-tolerant cultivars are very important. In irrigated lands of Iran, the average of irrigation efficiency is 37% and water productivity is 0.8 kg per cubic meters, which is lower than the world average. For increasing water efficiency, maintaining the production capacity and creating sustainable agriculture, it is necessary to identify the effective factors on the reduction of irrigation water productivity and provide an appropriate solution. In arid regions such as Khuzestan province, by using both a proper irrigation program and irrigation levels below the water requirement, obtaining an acceptable yield of alfalfa could be expected. In order to achieve these objectives, determination of the irrigation water productivity of tropical alfalfa cultivars and their drought tolerance under different irrigation regimes were the main aims of this study. Materials and MethodsFor evaluating tropical alfalfa genotypes under different drought stresses, an experiment was carried out based on split plots design with three replications in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center, Dezful, Iran, during 2019-2020. The main factor was four levels of irrigation (25, 50, 75 and 100% of water requirement) and the second factor was five alfalfa cultivars (Baghdadi, Nikshahri, Yazdi, Mesasirsa, and Omid). In this experiments, plant characteristics including dry and wet forage yield, percentage of dry forage, leaf to stem weight ratio, chlorophyll index (SPAD), electrolyte leakage from the leaf cell membrane (EL), relative leaf water content (RWC), and Maximum quantum yield in the dark-adapted conditions (ΦPSɪɪ) were determined. Results and DiscussionThe results revealed that by applying drought stress, wet and dry forage yields, RWC, and ΦPSɪɪ decreased but the percentage of dry forage, leaf to stem weight ratio, EL, and SPAD increased. Among the studied genotypes, the Baghdadi genotype had the highest dry forage yield in all situations; non-stress conditions (16.9 t/ha), mild drought stress (15.094 t/ha), moderate drought stress (9.58 t/ha) and severe drought stress (4.664 t/ha). The Yazdi genotype had the lowest dry forage yield; 9.9, 9.7, 5.7 and 3.6 t/ha for non-stress, mild, moderate, and severe drought stresses conditions, respectively. In our experiment, the Baghdadi genotype showed a high-stress tolerance index (STI) and we highly recommend planting it in the north of Khuzestan province, but the Yazdi alfalfa genotype despite low dry forage yield under both non-stress and drought stress conditions is not recommended due to low production. We suggest using Yazdi genotype in eugenic plans due to high yield stability index (YSI) under drought stress conditions and having some favorable physiological and photosynthetic parameters associated with drought stress tolerance. ConclusionIn this study, Baghdadi alfalfa cultivar was identified as a desirable cultivar in tropical regions of Iran such as Khuzestan. Yazdi alfalfa cultivar had favorable physiological and photosynthetic components. Thus, it can be used as a favorable parent in breeding programs such as synthetic alfalfa production (through the transfer of genes associated with drought stress tolerance).

Effect of Various Irrigation Methods on Tuber Yield and Water Productivity of Potato Varieties

Bagher Mastalizadeh; Gholamreza khajoei-Nejad; Rooholla Moradi

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 431-442

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28244.1706

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Potato is extremely sensitive to water stress, both from inadequate or excess water, resulting in reductions of tuber yield and quality. The ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Potato is extremely sensitive to water stress, both from inadequate or excess water, resulting in reductions of tuber yield and quality. The plant has a relatively shallow root system, locating about 85% typically in the upper 30 cm of soil, which increases the sensitivity of the crop to water stress. Variation in soil moisture conditions can also lead to the occurrence of tuber physiological disorders such as brown center, hollow heart, growth cracks, bruise susceptibility, and heat necrosis, typically during the bulking period. A direct relation between low moisture conditions of soil and misshapen tubers has been reported. The aim of study was to assess the growth, yield, yield components, and water productivity of some conventional potato varieties in Bardsir region of Kerman. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of various irrigation methods on growth, yield and yield components of potato varieties, an experiment was conducted as the split-plot based on the randomized complete block design with three replications at experiment station of the Agricultural Faculty of Bardsir, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman during 2015 and 2016. The experimental treatments were irrigation methods: 1- Furrow (flooding), 2-sprinkler and 3- drip assigned to main plot and potato varieties: 1- Marfona, 2- Sante, 3- Agria and 4- Banba as the subplot. Results The results showed that the effect of irrigation method was significant (P≤0.01) on all the studied traits except in water productivity and percentage of tuber dry mater. The highest mean of tuber weight (71.55 g), number of marketable tuber (6.99), tuber yield (36.98 t ha-1), and shoot dry weight (5.97 t ha-1) were recorded in the furrow irrigation method. The lowest values of the traits were observed using the sprinkler method. The effect of variety treatment on all traits was significant (P≤0.01). For drip and sprinkler irrigation methods, the largest tuber was related to Sante variety, and regarding the surface method, it was gained at Marfona. The highest number of tuber per plant belonged to Sante variety (9.50) followed by Marfona (8.89) which had a significant difference with Banba (7.15) and Agria (6.88) varieties. Tuber percentage of dry weight for Agria variety (27.22) was significantly higher than other varieties (19.93-22.74). The tuber yield for Sante, Marfona, Banba, and Agria was 34.84, 28.91, 26.14, and 21.57 t ha-1, respectively. The maximum level of water productivity (5.93) was gained for santé variety using the sprinkler irrigation method. Discussion In general, the results indicated that Marfona variety was justly appropriate for flooding irrigation conditions, and santé variety is best for low water supply (drip and sprinkler irrigation methods).

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Keywords = Dry matter

The Effect of Dehydration Stress on Yield, Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Hybrids Obtained From Crossbreeding of Commercial Potato Cultivars

Abstract

Effect of Drought Stress on Photosynthetic Parameters, Yield and Yield Components of Tropical Alfalfa Genotypes

Abstract

Effect of Various Irrigation Methods on Tuber Yield and Water Productivity of Potato Varieties

Abstract