Plant Productions

Effect of Seed Priming on Grain Yield and Some Shoot and Root orphophysiological Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Potted Planting Conditions in Farm

kianoush safari; Yousef Sohrabi; Adel Siosemardeh; Shahryar Sasani

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 89-102

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28875.1736

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeed priming is a relatively new, inexpensive, and straightforward technique to improve germination percentage, germination rate, early seedling establishment, ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSeed priming is a relatively new, inexpensive, and straightforward technique to improve germination percentage, germination rate, early seedling establishment, and other plant's morphophysiological characteristics under normal and stress conditions. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different seed priming treatments on some morphophysiological characteristics of three bread wheat cultivars in potted planting conditions on the farm. Materials and MethodsIn this study, three bread wheat cultivars (including "Rijaw," "Sardari," and "Karim") and 11 seed priming treatments (including hormonal priming, osmo-priming, nutritional priming, and hydro-priming with distilled water) and one untreated control treatment were investigated using an experiment conducted as factorial based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates at Mahidasht Agricultural Research Station, Kermanshah (AREEO) during 2016-2017 cropping seasons.ResultsCultivar and different seed priming treatments were significant on all the studied traits at a 1% probability level. "Karim" cultivar had the highest leaf relative water content (79.58%), flag leaf area (15.19 cm2), root volume (30.9 cm3), root dry weight (4.6 g/tube), shoot dry weight (26.7 g/tube) and root/shoot ratio (0.17) compared to the other cultivars. "Sardari" cultivar was superior to other cultivars regarding the plant height (98.4 cm) and root length (118 cm). "Rijaw" cultivar with plant height, root length, and flag leaf area equal to 84.4 cm, 113.7 cm, and 13.53 cm2 was identified as a suitable cultivar for dryland conditions which can be recommended along with "Sardari" as drought stress-tolerant cultivars. "Rijaw" cultivar had the highest chlorophyll index (46.3). The highest leaf relative water content, plant height, flag leaf area, and chlorophyll index belonged to nutritional treatments of urea with 4g/L (81.51%, 89.9 cm, 16.84 cm2, and 47) and zinc sulfate with 0.3% concentration (80.75%, 88.8 cm, 16.13 cm2 and 46), respectively. DiscussionThe cultivar "Karim" had the highest values of the all shoot and root measured traits. In the current study, seed priming treatments of urea with 4 g/L concentration and zinc sulfate with 0.3% concentration were identified as suitable and superior seed priming treatments in wheat for dryland conditions. It is suggested that appropriate and ideal treatments obtained from the experiment and other bread and durum wheat varieties should be tested for further studies in different countries with similar climates.

The Effect of Different Nutritional Systems with Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Mehdi Aghighi Shahverdi; Majid Amini Dahaghi; Hojjat Ataei Somagh; Behnam Mamivand

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22330.1479

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAiming to remove or reduce the chemical input in order to obtain high quality and yield sustainability, plants production in sustainable agriculture. ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAiming to remove or reduce the chemical input in order to obtain high quality and yield sustainability, plants production in sustainable agriculture. On the other hand, the combined application of chemical and bio-fertilizers can improve yield and quality of medicinal plants. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), a member of Lamiaceae family, is an annual plant and is widely used as a vegetable and as an aromatic plant. Considering the importance of medicinal herbs and the global trend for their production and reproduction in sustainable and low-input agricultural systems as well as a lack of research on the response of Basil's medicinal plant to the combined nutritional systems (chemical and biological), the aim of this study was to compare the effects of various nutritional systems with chemical and biological nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as high-quality nutrients on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Basil. Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the Research Center of Faculty of Agriculture, Shahed University, Tehran, in 2014. The experimental factors included nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer combinations, 100% chemical based on a soil test, 100% biological (for nitrogen, Azotobacter crocococcus and Azospirillium lipophorum, for phosphorus, and Pseudomonas fluorescence) and combining a system of 50% chemical fertilizers with biofertilizers. To provide nitrogen fertilizer from the source of urea containing 46% pure nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer were used triple superphosphate containing 46% phosphorus oxide (P2O5). Biofertilizers used to provide nitrogen are a mixture of Azotobacter crocum (Azeto-5 strain) and Azopyrillium lipophorum (93 strain), and for phosphorus from the mixture of Pseudomonas putida (P-168 strain) and Pseudomonas fluorescence (P-169 strain), all of which have a concentration 107 CFU/ml provided by the National Institute of Soil and Water Research of Iran. ResultsThe results showed that different combinations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and also the interaction between these two had a significant effect on plant height, the number of leaves and shoots yields, percentage, and yield of essential oil. The highest number of leaves per plant was found in treatments N2 × P4 (100% chemical nitrogen with combined of bio-fertilizer and 50% chemical phosphorus) and N4 × P4 (combin of bio-fertilizer and 50% chemical hosphorus combined with bio-fertilizer and 50% chemical nitrogen) respectively with the mean of 54.72 and 54.44 leaves per plant. Interaction of nutrition systems showed that the highest leaves and essential oil yield was in combination N4 × P4 respectively with the average 596.33 kg.ha-1 and 6.56 lit.ha-1. The uses of combination system of nitrogen and phosphorus increased the mean composition of the oils constitutive such as Linalool, Carvacrol and Eugenol compared to control. DiscussionThe results of this study indicate that the use of bio-fertilizers phosphorus and nitrogen, either alone or in combination with 50% chemical fertilizer to improve the quantity and quality of basil had a positive impact. They can, instead of continuous use of chemical fertilizers, be used to optimize the biological inputs for sustainable agriculture and reduce the pollution caused by the use of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers.

The Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Three Commercial Rootstocks of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Under Controlled Temperature Conditions

H. Hokmabadi; M. Rezaei; H. Hokmabadi

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 79-90

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.20314.1423

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In recent decades, global warming causes climate changes which triggers physiological and nutrition disorders in plants. Iran is a main pistachio ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In recent decades, global warming causes climate changes which triggers physiological and nutrition disorders in plants. Iran is a main pistachio producer in the world. Pistachio cultivar is mainly grafted into seedling rootstocks are which obtained from especial cultivars and wild type pistachio. The changes in the vegetative growth and yield in pistachio orchards have been obviously observed in the years with so warm or so cold weather conditions. The purpose of this research was evaluating the effects of temperature on the growth of three pistachio rootstocks. Materials and Methods In order to study the effect of temperature on the growth and physiological characteristics of three commercial pistachio rootstocks, a factorial experiment on the basis of a completely randomized design (CRD) was carried out with three replications. The first factor was three rootstocks including: Pistacia vera cv. Badamie-zarand, P. vera cv. Ghazvini and P. vera var. Sarakhsi and the second factor was four temperature conditions including: 10, 15, 20 and 25 degrees Celsius. Pistachio seedlings after planting up to 15-leaf stage were kept in the greenhouse condition and then the pots were transferred to growth chambers which adjusted to defined temperature treatments. The plants were kept in temperature treatments for fifteen days. At the end of experiment, growth parameters including fresh and dry leaf weight, fresh and dry weight in shoot and root and leaf area and physiological parameters including stomatal conductance, relative water content of leaves and leaf chlorophyll index were measured. The statistical analysis was done using SAS 9.1 software and mean comparison was done by using the lowest significant difference test (LSD). Results The results showed that with increasing environmental temperature, an increase in the number of leaves, stem height, dry weight of leaf, stem and root, leaf area was observed in pistachio rootstocks. There were significant differences among rootstocks in most of the growth parameters. Badamie-Zarand was more vigorous than the other rootstocks in low temperature. The highest SPAD index was observed in high temperature environment (20, 25°C) beside lowest SPAD index level was observed at Low temperature environmental (10, 15°C). Minimum and maximum stomatal conductance was respectively obtained at 10 and 25 °C in Sarakhsi rootstocks which reveals the sensitivity of this rootstock to temperature fluctuations. In contrast, stomatal conductance variations in the Ghazvini rootstocks are lower than the other rootstocks when exposed to different environmental temperature. This may show the tolerance of this variety to changes of environmental temperature conditions. The leaf RWC in three pistachio rootstocks at different ambient temperatures shows a significant difference. At 15 and 20°C, Ghazvini rootstock has the highest RWC and Badamie- Zarand rootstock has the lowest levels of RWC. The highest relative water content was obtained at 10°C in Sarakhsi rootstock and at 25°C in Badamie-Zarand rootstock. Positive correlation between root dry weight and stomatal conductance reflects the rootstock compatibility with ecological conditions. Discussion Badami Zarand rootstock has more vegetative growth in low temperature environment and more adaptation to a wide range of temperature in comporison to two others rootstock and also can be recommended to nursery as a rootstock for planting.

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Keywords = Chlorophyll index

Effect of Seed Priming on Grain Yield and Some Shoot and Root orphophysiological Characteristics of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Potted Planting Conditions in Farm

Abstract

The Effect of Different Nutritional Systems with Nitrogen and Phosphorous Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Abstract

The Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Three Commercial Rootstocks of Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Under Controlled Temperature Conditions

Abstract