Plant Productions

The effect of sources of phosphorus fertilizer on the improvement of nutrient absorption and phosphorus use efficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Saeb Jalalpour; Alireza Yadavi; Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi; Razieh Karami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48406.2231

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction: After cereals, oilseeds are the second most important source of energy for human societies. Since a large part of the oil used in the country is imported from ... Read More AbstractIntroduction: After cereals, oilseeds are the second most important source of energy for human societies. Since a large part of the oil used in the country is imported from abroad, the cultivation of oilseeds, including soybeans, and their proper management in order to increase yield, is very important. Phosphorus is considered the second limiting element for plant growth after nitrogen, and every year, large amounts of phosphorus in chemical fertilizers become insoluble after entering the soil and are removed from the plant's reach. One of the practical ways to use phosphorus accumulated in the land is the use of biological phosphorus fertilizers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Test treatments include phosphorus chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) at 4 levels: zero, 60 kg.ha-1, 120 kg.ha-1 and 180 kg.ha-1 and biological phosphorus fertilizer at 4 control levels, phosphate bio-fertilizer including Pseudomonas bacteria, mycorrhiza fungus (Glomus mosseae L.) and the combined use of phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungus. Results and Discussion:The results showed that the interaction effect of the applied treatments on the leaf area index was significant and the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of chemical fertilizer along with inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus increased the leaf area index by 112.61% compared to the control. Inoculation with phosphorus biofertilizer had a significant increasing effect on the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed. The highest increase in the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed was related to inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus and the lowest was related to the control. The interaction of phosphorus chemical fertilizer and biological phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield was significant. The highest seed yield (2085 kg.ha-1) was obtained with the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate and inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus, and the lowest seed yield (971.67 kg.ha-1) was obtained at zero level of chemical fertilizer and and biological fertilizer control treatment. The results showed that with the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers, the phosphorus use efficiency decreases. At the level of 60 kg of superphosphate fertilizer used, the application of phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhiza could create a significant increase in this attribute compared to other levels of biofertilizer and it had a 38.17% increase compared to the control.Conclusion:Therefore, in this research, the incorporation of phosphorus biofertilizers, including phosphate dissolving bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, increased vegetative growth and improved seed yield and plant oil yield, and improved phosphorus utilization efficiency in soybeans. While with the increase in the consumption levels of phosphorus chemical fertilizers, the efficiency of the use of biological fertilizers decreased significantly.

The Impact of Pseudomonas putida and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizer on Some Vegetative, Reproductive and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Species of Basil (O. sanctum L and O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)

Naeimeh Enayatizamir; Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani; Mojtaba Momeni Monfared

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 235-246

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31636.1844

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionOcimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum) or sweet basil belongs to the family Lamiaceae which has been used as a medicinal plant and its essential oils are used to flavor ... Read More AbstractIntroductionOcimum basilicum L. (O. basilicum) or sweet basil belongs to the family Lamiaceae which has been used as a medicinal plant and its essential oils are used to flavor foods, in dental and oral products and in fragrances. One of the methods to increase yield and availability of minerals in the soil, with the decreased use of inorganic fertilizers, is to apply biological fertilization, which also affects the essential oil of aromatic plants. Hence, this study was carried out to describe detailed growth and chemical investigation of basil essential oil affected by chemical and biological fertilization. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor involved plant (O. basilicum var. Thyrsiflora and O. sanctum.L ) and the second factor was fertilizer types (0%, 50% and 100% of the plant phosphorus requirement, only bacteria, bacteria with 50% of plant phosphorus requirement, bacteria with 100% of plant phosphorus requirement). The pots filled with five kilograms of soil. Phosphorus fertilizer was added to the pots from the triple super phosphate source based on the experimental treatments. Overnight culture of Pseudomonas putida in nutrient broth was prepared and applied under each seed. At full bloom stage, the leaves and inflorescences of each plant were completely separated and their number counted. Extraction of leaf samples was performed using 70% methanol solvent to measure phenolic compounds and the flavon and flavonol content of the extract was read by measuring the absorbance at 425 nm. The amount of phosphorus content of plant leave was also determined. Results and DiscussionShoot dry weight, number and length of inflorescence were significantly (p<0.01) affected by the interaction effect of fertilizers and plant species. The highest shoot dry weight, number and length of inflorescence were recoded with only bacteria without the use of phosphate fertilizer treatment and followed with samples treated with bacterial + 50% chemical fertilizer. The maximum phosphorus concentration in both basilicum and sanctum leaves (4.92 and 4.82 mg g-1 dry weight, respectively) and phenols, flavonoids and flavonoid compounds were obtained in treatments containing only bacteria without using phosphate fertilizer and followed with samples treated with bacterial + 50% chemical fertilizer, as well. The highest percentage inhibition of free radicals was recorded in basilicum and sanctum (67 and 75 percent respectively), in the presence of the bacteria without using phosphorus fertilizer. Applied bacterium in this research improved the quantity and quality of basil, thus to recommend it as a biological fertilizer considering its potential needs to be examined at farm conditions. ConclusionAccording to the results, using biofertilizer in this research reduced the demand for phosphorous fertilizer and improved the quantity and quality of basil; so as a result to recommend it as a biological fertilizer considering its potential needs to be examined at farm conditions.

Investigating the Effects of Plant Density, Seed Inoculation with Bacteria and Different Nitrogen Fertilizing Methods on Yield, Yield Components and Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

M. Delfieh; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; R. Farhoudi

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 111-121

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12436

Abstract

Background and Objectives Fennel is one the most important medicinal and aromatic plants which is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetic industries worldwide. This study was carried ... Read More Background and Objectives Fennel is one the most important medicinal and aromatic plants which is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetic industries worldwide. This study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of different nitrogen nutritional systems including chemical, organic and biologic ones at different plant densities on yield, yield components and seed essential oil content and yield of fennel in south western Iran climatic conditions. Materials and Methods To do this research, a field experiment was carried out in 2013-2014 agricultural season at Islamic Azad University of Shoushtar agricultural college in split plot design with 18 treatments in 4 replications based on completely randomized blocks design. Different nitrogen system treatments consisting of N1: Uniformly spreading urea fertilizer in the plot, half at planting time and other at stem elongation, N2: Uniformly spreading half of urea fertilizer in the plot at planting time and spraying the other half at stem elongation on fennel foliage, N3: cow manure, N4: Inoculation of fennel seeds with Azotobacter and Azospirillum, N5: Applying half of required nitrogen fertilizer from cow manure and other half from urea, N6: Applying half of required nitrogen fertilizer from cow manure + inoculation of fennel seeds with Azotobacter and Azospirillum were applied to the main plots. Three fennel densities consisting of FD1: 60 plant/m2, FD2: 80 plant/m2 and FD3: 100 plant/m2 were applied to subplots. Results Based on the results, utilization of the first integrated treatment which consisted of cow manure and urea as chemical fertilizer at 50:50 percent, along with using 100 plant per m2 as a proper crop density achieved production of 94.575 g/m2 seed yield containing 3.375 percent of essential oil. Other findings showed that Azotobacter+ Azospirillum had no positive effect on plant seed yield and essential oil. Discussions The findings of our study showed that replacing 50 percent of required nitrogen with cow manure in fennel could lead to a favorable quantitative and qualitative seed production as well as the treatments which use 100 percent of nitrogen as chemical fertilizers. It seems that nitrogen application with manure probably through increasing organic matter mineralization and mineral absorption, improved the effectiveness of manure. Therefore application of such a combination not only could lead to a desirable fennel quantity and quality, but also is more consistent with environment. Other findings of the present study showed that seed inoculation with bio-fertilizers (Azotobacter + Azospirillum) had no positive effects on plant seed yield and essential oil. For such a result, it could be said that climate and soil conditions and also plant species and varieties are important in bio-fertilizers usefulness and also in determining suitable bacteria species for application.

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Keywords = Bio-fertilizer

The effect of sources of phosphorus fertilizer on the improvement of nutrient absorption and phosphorus use efficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Abstract

The Impact of Pseudomonas putida and Chemical Phosphorus Fertilizer on Some Vegetative, Reproductive and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Species of Basil (O. sanctum L and O. basilicum var. thyrsiflora)

Abstract

Investigating the Effects of Plant Density, Seed Inoculation with Bacteria and Different Nitrogen Fertilizing Methods on Yield, Yield Components and Essential Oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

Abstract