Plant Productions

Genetic Analysis of Some Genotypes and Varieties of Olive in Qom Province Using Morphological and ISSR Markers

Fereshteh Hosseini Gheydari; Zahra Tahernezhad

Volume 42, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 373-386

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.23698.1521

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most ancient tree crops which has been domesticated in the Middle East for about 6000 years. The ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is one of the most ancient tree crops which has been domesticated in the Middle East for about 6000 years. The romans enlarged its cultivation from the Greek islands throughout the Mediterranean basin, mainly along the African and European coasts as well as in the areas where large volumes of water have improved the climate. In the past, cultivar distinguishing approaches were based on morphological characteristics of leaf, fruit and stone. Recently, morphological traits with isozyme and DNA- based markers have been applied to the classification of cultivars. The aim of this study was the evaluation of morphological and molecular similarities between the new and the known cultivars of olive trees in the Fadak garden in Qom province in Iran. Materials and Methods In order to analyze genetic variations of olive tree genotypes in Qom province, the olive genotypes (Manzanilla, Sevilana, Mahzam, Arbequina, and Conservalia) and two superior cold resistant genotypes (Fadak and Tooba) were studied using morphological traits based on distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) guideline in the Fadak garden (Qom province, Iran) in 2013. In addition, a total genomic DNA was extracted from the leaves, and the PCR was carried out by a set of six inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers for amplification. Then, amplification products from ISSR primer tests were characterized on 2% agarose gels immersed in 1X TBE buffer. The gels were stained with ethidium bromide. The PCR fragments were scored for the presence or absence as 1 and 0, respectively. Results In this study, analysis of variance was performed on 12 quantitative traits. Results showed there were significant differences (p < 0.01, p < 0.001) between all the traits and Fadak and Tooba separated from other genotypes by comparing the means of the tests (Duncan multiple range method). According to the biplot graph (the first two components) in the PCA method by quantitative traits, Arbequina, Manzanilla and Tooba were included in one group, and Fadak and Tooba were distinctly separated from other genotypes. Also, according to the biplot graph (the first two components) in the PCA method by qualitative traits, the distance between Fadak and Tooba was low. In the molecular analysis, all ISSR markers (six primers) showed polymorphism. The total band range was 8-21 (with 14.66 as the average) and the PIC varied from 0.231 to 0.447 (0.309 average). Based on the PCA method, Tooba was utterly separated from other genotypes. Discussion In this study, Fadak and Tooba were completely different from other varieties using morphological traits and ISSR molecular markers. Fadak was found to be similar to Sevilana and Conservalia. There was a high similarity between Fadak and Tooba. Also, no similarity was observed between the results of morphological and molecular traits.

Genetic Diversity Mulberry Genotypes of Iran by Using Morphological

m fakhraei; r Tabar; m Sarsaiefi; a Fattie; Gh Abadozi; M Hajhasani; A Farhadi; Gh Khakizad; Z Azizi; B Samadi; M Kiani; A Mirakhorlee; N Foromadi; j Mzaffari; R Rafezi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 39-50

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12332

Abstract

Background and Objectives Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a tree of the family of Moraceae. There are 24 species of Morus and one subspecies, with 100 known varieties. The various methods ... Read More Background and Objectives Mulberry (Morus spp.) is a tree of the family of Moraceae. There are 24 species of Morus and one subspecies, with 100 known varieties. The various methods used in classification of Morus were mainly based on the conventional systematic studies and agronomic characters. Despite the widespread genetic diversity in Iranian mulberry tree, so far, the identification of these trees has not been selection, introduction and cultivation. In order to identify mulberry trees during 1387-1392, they were collected from different provinces (Tehran, Mazandaran, Kurdistan, Markazi, Khuzestan, Fars, West Azarbaijan, Isfahan, Hamedan, Khorasan, South Khorasan, Semnan, Ardabil, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, East Azerbaijan) according to the IPGRI (International Institute for genetic reserves). The aim of this study was evaluation of genetic diversity and mulberry clustering genotypes, on the basis and quantitative characteristics and to determine the genetic distance between them. Material and Methods Mulberry trees are widely distributed in Iran. After reviewing the population of mulberry according to descriptor of IGPRI throughout the country, 118 specimens of mulberry from genotypes were selected and they were evaluated for their morphological characteristics. Some of these characters are quantitative and some others were measured and recorded based on coding UPOV. After collecting the data, descriptive statistics were extracted and analyzed. With the assumption of variance analysis distinguished genotypes into treatment and regions within each area as replication, design used nested. Mean comparison of quantitative traits LSD. Results The result of ANOVA showed average comparison of genotypes investigated difference was significant for all studied characteristics: the leaf margin, petiole length, flower diameter, which represent the coefficients of variation that were higher diversity among genotypes investigated. Therefore, there is the possibility of selecting genotypes for different values of an attribute. The characteristics that have high coefficients of variation are more diverse than the character coefficient with low variations. Discussions Analysis of simple correlation coefficients showed a significant positive correlation during the harvest time of fruit ripening r=0.82, the shape of inflorescence at the time of fruit ripening r=0.71, shape of inflorescence at the time of fruit ripening r=0.71 at 1% level. Brix with the shape by time of fruit ripening r=0.60 Brix of fruit shape r=0.28 fresh weight at the time of ripening r=0.81, significant positive correlations were calculated at 5% level. The results of mulberries ripen over an extended period of time unlike many other fruits. Using cluster analysis to the “Ward” based on morphological characterization at a distance of 15; genotypes were divided in three main groups. In order to determine the most important morphological characters to differentiate among the population of principal component analysis was used (PCA).The first components to 0.65 percent of total respectively. Overall, the results showed that great morphological variation among the plants population.

The Study of Genetic Diversity in Wild Wheat Species by Morphological Traits

A M; M.R N; M.J A

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 41-55

Abstract

To evaluate the genetic diversity, four wild wheat species named T. boeticum, T. thaudar, T. urartu, T. arrarticum were studied. Quantitative traits were measured according to IBPGRI. ... Read More

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Keywords = PCA

Genetic Analysis of Some Genotypes and Varieties of Olive in Qom Province Using Morphological and ISSR Markers

Abstract

Genetic Diversity Mulberry Genotypes of Iran by Using Morphological

Abstract

The Study of Genetic Diversity in Wild Wheat Species by Morphological Traits

Abstract