Plant Productions

Effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation on some physiological and biochemical traits of soybean under copper toxicity

Sharareh Shiati; Jalil Khara; Siavash Hosseini Sarghein; Abdollah Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 603-615

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.41415.2048

Abstract

Introduction Heavy metals enter the surroundings through natural means as well as human activities. These metals reduce biomass, growth and photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients, ... Read More Introduction Heavy metals enter the surroundings through natural means as well as human activities. These metals reduce biomass, growth and photosynthesis and absorption of nutrients, which ultimately lead to plant death. Heavy metals such as copper, induce oxidative stress in plants by producing reactive oxygen species. Nowadays, heavy metal refining by physical and chemical methods are less used for economic and environmental reasons, and biological refining has been introduced as an alternative method. Among these, we can refer to the inoculation of plants with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobium, which can protect the plants against this stress. The purpose of this research was to study the effects of mycorrhiza and rhizobium on the physiological and biochemical traits of soybean under copper stress. Materials and Methods For this purpose, a factorial greenhouse experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was performed in the Faculty of Science, Urmia University in 2021. Experimental factors included four levels of copper sulfate stress (0, 50, 400 and 200 mg/kg soil) and four inoculation treatments (control, mycorrhiza, rhizobium and mycorrhiza + rhizobium). Plants were colonized by inoculum Glomus verusiforme (for mycorrhiza) and Rhizobium japonicum (for rhizobium). The soybean plants were grown in 16 treatment groups with a diurnal regime of 16-hour light and 8 hours dark at 18-29°C. Forty days after planting, the harvest was done and the factors were examined. The studied traits included the activity of guaiacol peroxidase and catalase enzymes, malondialdehyde, fresh and dry weight, soluble sugar of shoots and roots and chlorophyll a and b content. Results and Discussion Results showed that chlorophyll a and b content, soluble sugar and dry and fresh weights of shoots and roots were significantly reduced in treated plants compared to the control. This decrease was less evident in Inoculated plants than in non- Inoculated samples. However, antioxidant enzymes activity and malondialdehyde increased under copper stress. Increased enzymatic activity was more dramatic in rhizobia and mycorrhizal plants samples than non- rhizobia and mycorrhizal ones, which was the opposite of malondialdehyde. Based on the results of this study, the use of fungi and rhizobia in copper stress conditions reduced the effects of stress. The highest enzymatic activity, soluble sugar, fresh and dry weight and photosynthetic pigments and the lowest amount of malondialdehyde were observed in co-inoculation with Mycorrhiza- Rhizobia and control, respectively. The efficiency of plants inoculated with rhizobium and mycorrhizal against copper stress can be due to the reduction of oxidative stress, high antioxidant capacity, maintenance of natural plant metabolism, increased phosphorus uptake, increasing the rate of photosynthesis, Impact on heavy metals bio-availability and improvement of nitrogen fixation e in these plants. Conclusion According to the results, it is concluded that copper stress has severe effects on effects on soybean (Saba cultivar) and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia can somewhat reduce this stress. Furthermore arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobia had synergistic effects so in many cases co-inoculation was more effective than single inoculation. On the basis of these results, co-inoculation with Glomus verusiforme and Rhizobium japonicum is suggested for improving soybean tolerance to copper stress.

The Effect of Anti-Transpiration and Plant Protective Materials on Vegetative and Physiological Traits of (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under Drought Stress

Sarah Khajeh Hosseini; Farzad Fanoodi; S.A Tabatabaee; Rostam Yazdani Biouki; Jafar Masoud Sinaki

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 77-88

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28805.1734

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is a perennial and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Drought is the most critical environmental stress that adversely ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesHyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is a perennial and belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Drought is the most critical environmental stress that adversely affects crop plant performance. The use of anti-transpiration and plant protective materials is one way that has recently been raised to improve plant resistance under stress conditions. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of anti-transpiration and plant protective materials on vegetative and physiological traits of Hyssop under drought stress and foliar application time. Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted as a split-plot factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 2016-2017. The experimental treatments included irrigation in three levels: 25% water available from the soil (control), 50% water available from the soil (mild stress), and 75% water available from the soil (severe stress) Were the main plots. Foliar application in four levels: water (control), kaolin (2.5%), chitosan (0.4 g/ l) and glycine amino acid (2.5 per thousand), and foliar application time: (vegetative and flowering, flowering) were the subplots. In the present study, dry leaf weight, flower dry weight, essential oil yield, shoot dry weight, economic yield, harvest index, proline, and soluble sugar were measured. ResultsThe results showed that at control stress level, the foliar application of water had the highest leaf dry weight (81.3 g/m2), shoot dry weight yield (140.5 g/m2), essential oil yield (9.40 g/m2), economic yield (81.3 g/ m²), and proline content (8.558 (µM/g FW). Moreover, during flowering and vegetative + flowering, kaolin's foliar application during vegetative+flowering had the highest dry flower weight (53 g/m2). At mild stress level, the foliar application of water during vegetative+flowering included the highest amount of soluble sugar (0.396 mg/g FW), and glycine foliar application at the flowering time had the highest harvest index (79%). Also, kaolin spraying during vegetative+flowering had the highest economic yield (73 g/m), and chitosan foliar application during vegetative+flowering had the highest shoot dry weight (111 g/m²) and essential oil yield (7.55 g/m2). DiscussionDue to the beneficial effects of antiperspirants and plant protection, they can be used as suitable solutions to increase plant production and reduce drought stress in arid and semi-arid regions.

Study of Salinity Tolerance in Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorba) Through Physiological Characteristics

A SH; H H

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 1-12

Abstract

Salinity is one of the environmental stresses that impose a reduction or delay in germination of seeds. Also it suppresses establishment and growth of both halophyte and glycophyte ... Read More

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Keywords = Soluble sugar

Effects of mycorrhizal and rhizobium inoculation on some physiological and biochemical traits of soybean under copper toxicity

Abstract

The Effect of Anti-Transpiration and Plant Protective Materials on Vegetative and Physiological Traits of (Hyssopus officinalis L.) under Drought Stress

Abstract

Study of Salinity Tolerance in Salad Burnet (Poterium sanguisorba) Through Physiological Characteristics

Abstract