Plant Productions

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Mitra Razi; Reza Darvishzadeh; Hamed Doulati Baneh; Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri; Pedro Martinez-Gomez

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 515-530

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.34003.1925

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties ... Read More AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties with good quality, desirable taste and larger berries with various colors, it is necessary to estimate the breeding value of the desired traits. In this study, breeding values of fourteen characters in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) pediction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the breeding value of the grape cultivars and to identify the superior cultivars. The results of this study can be of great help to breeders in selecting cultivars with favorable market traits and cultivars with better yield. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 45 grape cultivars in the collection of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan Province were used. From each of the cultivars in the first year of research, ten 14-year-old plants were selected and TSS, pH, TA, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set in open and under controlled pollination were investigated. The characteristics were measured for three consecutive years. Results and DiscussionBased on the results, considering the sum of the breeding values of all the studied traits, Agh Shani, Taifi, Qzl Ouzum, Lal Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez and Qara Shani cultivars had the highest rank. Among the studied seedless cultivars, Rejin cultivar had the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight, and Keshmeshi Sefid cultivar in terms of seed number. Among the seeded cultivars, Shirazi cultivar showed the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight and Qara Shani cultivar in terms of seed number. Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez, Keshmeshi Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Agh Shani and shirazi had positive breeding value for pollen germination, fruit set in open pollination and fruit set under controlled pollination. Sarghola, Gazandaii and Qzl Ouzum cultivars had the high and positive breeding value for berry weight and fresh weight. Lal Qermez, Rishbaba Qermez and Tabarze Qermez cultivars had high and positive breeding value for cluster weight, cluster width and cluster weight. Genotypes with the highest breeding value had the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring. Therefore, they can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in crop breeding programs. ConclusionIn this study, breeding values of fourteen characters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, fruit set in open pollination, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set under controlled pollination in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) prediction. Studied cultivars showed different breeding values for the studied traits. Genotypes with the highest breeding value can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in grape breeding programs as these genotypes have the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring.

Evaluating Important Traits of Iris Germanica Hybrids to Identify Elite Hybrids Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 455-466

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.28610.1723

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Iris Germanica has become the most well-known flower for landscape planning due to its colorful flowers, reproduction by creeping rhizomes, ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Iris Germanica has become the most well-known flower for landscape planning due to its colorful flowers, reproduction by creeping rhizomes, flat leaves, and a trio of flower parts, resistance to calcareous soils and adverse environmental conditions, and low watering requirements. Given the pharmaceutical-ornamental importance of I. germanica, this research was conducted to find new hybrids and their significant traits. Diversity and innovation in the field of flowers and plants are good, the world is presented with hundreds of colors and varieties and given the importance of I. germanica, the management to achieve hybridization between the new hybrid was performed. Materials and Methods Three genotypes of I. germanica with brown and blue (female parent) and yellow (paternal line) colors were selected for hybridization out of a total of 15 progenies and three parents to be evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) in Mahallat from 2014 to 2016. Quantitative traits included leaf width, peduncle length, peduncle thickness, flower diameter, outer petal width, inner petal length, inner petal width, bush length, flowering branch diameter, and crown diameter. The statistical analysis was conducted in the SAS and Excel software packages. According to the instructions of UPOV, 10 quantitative traits and some statistical parameters such as simple correlation coefficients, estimates of broad sense heritability, phonotypical and genetically coefficient of variations were measured. Results Results showed significant (P≤0.01) differences between genotypes in all studied traits, indicating wide variations in traits except for the flower diameter. The correlation coefficients of quantitative traits among genotypes (parents and progenies) showed the most positive and significant correlation between the diameter of flowering branch and crown diameter, peduncle length, and inner length of petal. The highest broad sense heritability was related to the outer petal width (96.28), inner petal length (93.66), and bush length (93.40) and the lowest was related to peduncle length (42.58). The findings indicated that hybrid NIOP8 had the highest stem diameter. It was also superior in crown diameter, flower branch diameter, and peduncle diameter versus the other hybrids. The results indicated that hybridization has a significant effect on the traits. Discussion The hybrids NIOP5 and NIOP8 outperformed the other hybrids and parents significantly in the length of inner petal, the width of the inner petal, and leaf width.

Combining Ability and Heterosis for Some Agro-Morphological Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using Line × Tester Mating Design

Mina Moghaddaszadeh; Rasool Asghari Zakaria; Davoud Hassanpanah; Nasser Zare

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 63-76

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.23241.1512

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The nature and magnitude of gene action is an important factor in developing an effective breeding program. Combining ability analysis is useful ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The nature and magnitude of gene action is an important factor in developing an effective breeding program. Combining ability analysis is useful in assessing the potential inbred lines and helps in identifying the nature of gene action involved in various quantitative characteristics. This information is helpful to plant breeders for formulating hybrid breeding programs. Therefore, the objectives of the present research were to determine combining ability, heritability and heterosis of tuber yield and some agronomic traits in potato using line × tester mating design. Materials and Methods In order to determine combining ability, heritability and heterosis of tuber yield and some agronomic traits in potato, three lines were crossed with two testers. Parents and their F1 progenies were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications using line × tester (3 × 2) mating design. Results Analysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits; thus line × tester analysis was performed. Among the lines, line L1 (Caeser) had significant positive GCA for tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant, main stem number and plant height. Among the testers, tester T1 (Luca) showed significant positive GCA for tuber yield, tuber weight per plant, tuber number per plant and tuber dry matter. Among the hybrids, the hybrids (Satina × Luca) (T1 × L3) and (Caeser × Savalan) (T2 × L1) showed significant positive SCA effects for tuber yield, tuber weight per plant and tuber number per plant. The SCA variance was higher in magnitude than the GCA variance for all the characteristics and baker coefficient indicated the predominance of non-additive type of gene action for the expression of these characteristics. High general heritability and relatively low specific heritability were observed for all traits. Hybrid (Satina × Luca) had the highest heterosis for tuber yield. Discussion The importance of additive and non-additive genetic effects is well established in controlling many traits in potato. It was shown that the dominance effects of the genes played a major role in the variation of tuber yield in potato. Based on the results of the current study the SCA variance was higher in magnitude than the GCA variance for all the characteristics and baker coefficient indicated the predominance of non-additive type of gene action for the expression of these characteristics. Heterosis and combining ability is prerequisite for developing a good hybrid variety of potato. According to this research, the (Satina × Luca) cross had the highest heterosis for tuber yield and was recommended as the most promising combination for developing high yielding hybrid potato genotypes.

Progeny Test of Crosses among Different Cultivars of Gladiolus

Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 29-44

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.21501.1460

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long vase life and color variation make it different in floriculture. Breeding and introduction of new cultivars with innovation in ornamental are important. The aim of this research was of introducing new hybrids of gladiolus through hybridization. Four cultivars in Amsterdam, White prosperity, Advance red and Rose supreme were chosen for hybridization. Materials and Methods Progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Reserch Center (OPRC) in Mahallat from 2015 to 2016. Quantitative traits included leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet. Finally, statistical parameters such as coefficients of correlation, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variability, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were estimated. Results Analysis of variance among progeny (hybrids) showed that the progeny has significant differences (p≤0.01) in all traits and a wide variation in progenies was observed for all traits. NIOP9 progeny in leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet was superior progenies compared to other cormelet. Lilcewise, progeny NIOP4 with 2.49 per seed was superior to cormelet. Correlation coefficients among the different progenies revealed that the most positive and significant correlation was between the number of leaves and crown diameter (r= +0.93) and the lowest level (r= -0.17) of correlation was found between the number of days to germination and number of cormelet. The highest coefficient of phenotypic variation of 57.17% was obtained for the number of cormelet and the lowest of 11.15% for the number of days to germination. The highest heritability in traits was estimated as 98.46 and 96.46% for the number of cormelet and cormelet diameter, respectively and the lowest as 12.90% for the crown diameter. Discussion All traits showed significant differences in progeny. These results indicate that the major traits in the phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient were very low, indicating that they had less environmental effects, since the progeny was cultivated under similar and controlled conditions (greenhouse).

Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis

Khadijeh Mokhtarifar; Roohollah Abdoshahi; SH P

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 11-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12052

Abstract

Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield ... Read More Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widely cultivated crops in rainfed areas of Iran where drought is the main limiting factor of production. Yield in drought-prone environments may be considered to be affected by three factors including yield potential, appropriate phenology and drought tolerance. Despite the positive correlation between grain yield in drought stress and normal conditions indirect selection based on yield potential, mean yield under non-stress conditions may not give the best results for selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Grain yield is strongly affected with genotype by environmental interaction. On the other hand, this interaction is relatively small for secondary traits. Hence, evaluation of genetic control of yield and yield related traits was the main objective of the present study. Materials and methods In order to estimate genetic parameters of yield and its related traits in bread wheat, a half diallel mating design was generated using nine (9) cultivars including Mahdavi, Azar2, Roushan, Ghods, Kavir, Excalibur, Shiraz, Kalhaydari, Shiraz and Shahpasand, and their F2 progenies. For this purpose, genotypes were planted in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design under normal and drought stress conditions. Plant height (cm), awn length (cm), biomass (t/ha), grain number per spike, fertile tiller number, days to flowering (days), grain filling period and grain yield (t/ha) were evaluated in this research. Hayman and Jinksdeiallel method was used to estimate genetic parameters including additive and dominant variance. In addition, variances of general and specific combining ability were estimated using Griffingmethod. Results Analysis of variance showed significant genotypic variation for all traits. Diallel analysis indicated that both additive and non-additive effects were valuable for genetic control of most characters. Awn length and days to flowering had the highest narrow sense heritability. Narrow sense heritability of grain yield under normal conditions was significantly higher than drought stress conditions. Plant height and awn length in both conditions and grain number per spike under drought stress condition were identified as the most appropriate traits in wheat breeding programs. These traits had high narrow sense heritability and low non-additive effects. Discussion Genetic analysis of evaluated traits showed that non-additive effects played a significant role in genetic control of the most characters. Based on these results, bulk and single seed descent are recommended methods for breeding in this population even though, awn length and days to flowering showed high narrow sense heritability.

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

A. Mahdipour; S. Khavari Khorasani; H. Hamidi; E. Azizi

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 103-118

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12045

Abstract

Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures ... Read More Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures and wrinkled when it dries. The efficiency of maize breeding programs would be significantly enhanced if superior crosses could be predicted before field evaluation based on screening of parental inbred lines. Even though remarkable advances in maize breeding have been achieved, field trials involve significant resources and are time consuming. However, field tests still have an irreplaceable role in modern hybrid breeding programs. Determining performances of maize inbred lines as potential hybrid parents in field experiments based on combining ability of inbred lines and heritability of traits that are related to grain yield is very important in breeding programs. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. The experimental materials were 37 sweet corn genotypes consisting of 18 inbred lines and 19 single cross hybrids that were evaluated in complete block design (CRD) with three replications. In each plot, seeds were planted in two 5m length rows with 75cm between two rows. The final plant density was 7.6 plants per square meter. The measured traits were some of morphological and phenological characteristics, yield and yield components that were recorded for 10 competitive plants or ears in each experimental plot. Analysis of variance was performed by SAS ver 9.1. Means with significant differences were compared using Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results The results showed significant differences between different sweet corn genotypes for all studied traits (p≤0.01). The mean comparison showed that hybrid Temptation* chase with 26.273 ton/ha has the highest conservable grain yield. Also, the highest heritability belonged to tassel length with 96.63 %. The most yield heterosis and heteroblitiosis were 280.72 and 337.1 percent in genotype Temptation 2* Chase, respectively. The cluster analysis divided genotypes to 4 clusters with inbred lines located in A and B clusters and single cross hybrids in C and D clusters. Discussion We concluded that the selected elite single cross hybrids like Temptation*Chase can be used as good candidates for final comparison yield trials in future breeding programs.

Gene action for various agronomic traits in maize using generation means analysis

M Z; R CH; M.R B; E M

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 81-96

Abstract

In order to study the inheritance and nature of action of the genes controlling various traits in maize, K18 х K74/1 and K18 х K3653/5 were crossed. Parents with F1, F2 and backcrosses ... Read More

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Keywords = Heritability

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Abstract

Evaluating Important Traits of Iris Germanica Hybrids to Identify Elite Hybrids Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Abstract

Combining Ability and Heterosis for Some Agro-Morphological Traits in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Using Line × Tester Mating Design

Abstract

Progeny Test of Crosses among Different Cultivars of Gladiolus

Abstract

Evaluation of Heritability and Combining Ability of Yield and Some Related Traits in Bread Wheat Using Half Diallel Analysis

Abstract

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Gene action for various agronomic traits in maize using generation means analysis

Abstract