Plant Productions

Effect of foliar application of amino acids on some physiological processes of oil rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) under late-season drought stress conditions

Esmaeil Fayaz; ALI SOROOSHZADEH; Ali Heidarzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 March 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.45873.2138

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most valuable oilseed plants cultivated in the world. Cultivation of this plant as the third source of oil production is expanding due to ... Read More Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most valuable oilseed plants cultivated in the world. Cultivation of this plant as the third source of oil production is expanding due to its nutritional and economic advantages. However, due to Iran's arid and semi-arid climate, the cultivation of this plant is affected by water deficit stress at the end of the season. Various methods are used to reduce the adverse effects of drought stress and increase plant tolerance. One of these methods is using biological stimulants such as amino acids. These compounds are able to stimulate plant growth and development under optimal conditions and stress. Amino acids have a direct and indirect role in physiological metabolism, exchange, and structural activities, such as increasing the concentration of photosynthetic pigments and the rate of photosynthesis and protein synthesis under stress conditions. Considering the importance of oil production in the country and the important role of rapeseed in oil production, as well as the problems of water scarcity in the reproductive growth stages of rapeseed, this research was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acids on the physiological parameters of rapeseed in the condition of interruption of irrigation at the end of the season. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying of amino acids on the physiological characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and photosynthetic pigments of oilseed rape under withholding irrigation at the end of the season (reproductive growth stage) as factorial design based on randomized complete blocks with three replications in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Tarbiat Modares University, during the 1401-02 growing season. The investigated factors were three levels of irrigation (full irrigation during the season, withholding irrigation from 50% flowering stage, withholding irrigation from pod forming) and five levels of foliar spraying (no foliar spraying, zero foliar spraying (distilled water), one, two and three grams of amino acids per liter) in stem elongation, flower-bud emergence, and flowering stages. The experimental plots included four planting rows and three meters in length. In the field, one week after the last foliar spraying, photosynthetic and transpiration rates and various fluorescence parameters were measured using a portable gas exchange and Mini-PAM device, respectively. Moreover, pigments (including chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid) in the fresh plant samples were determined in the laboratory. After ensuring the normality of the data, statistical analysis was performed using SAS software (version 4.9.) to compare the average data. The LSD test was used at the five percent level. Results All physiological and biochemical traits were affected by water deficit stress (withholding irrigation), which caused a significant decrease in characteristics, such as maximum photosystem efficiency, photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic pigments. However, foliar application of amino acids reduced the adverse effect of drought stress. The results showed photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and Intercellular CO2/ambient CO2, photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly affected by the interaction of drought stress and foliar spraying of amino acid. The highest photosynthesis rate (12.27 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (0.153 mol H2O m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (1.33 mmol H2O m-2 s-1), chlorophyll b (832 0.0 mg.g-1FW) and carotenoid (0.812 m mg.g-1FW) were obtained by the foliar treatment of two grams of amino acids per liter, while the chlorophyll a (2.03 mg.g-1FW) and Fv/Fm (0.832) were obtained by spraying with one gram of amino acids per liter. Conclusion According to the results, the most positive effect of the foliar application of amino acids on the studied traits was two grams per liter of water. On the other hand, improving these traits directly affects seed yield. Therefore, considering the direct effect of these traits in improving seed yield, foliar spraying of two grams of amino acids per liter is recommended to improve the physiological and biochemical characteristics of rapeseed in all three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, interruption of irrigation from the flowering and budding stage).

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Effect of Seed Treatment on Physiological Traits of Two Safflower Cultivars under Defoliation

Mina Pedram; Ali Hatami; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Zahra Tahmasebi

Volume 43, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 507-516

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31631.1845

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction:To evaluate the effects of priming and defoliation on some physiological traits of two safflower cultivars, a factorial experiment was conducted as a randomized ... Read More

The Effect of Dust Particles on Grain Yield and Some of the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat in West of Iran

Zeynab Sharifi; Mohsen Saeidi; Eiraj Nosrati; Hasan Heidary

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 149-164

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.21856.1470

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In recent years, the desertification caused by climate change and human activity is one of the most important causes of dust particles. The ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In recent years, the desertification caused by climate change and human activity is one of the most important causes of dust particles. The occurrence of dust during the growth of crops (especially wheat) is one of the most substantial risks in crop production in western and southern regions of Iran. Thus, in these areas, an accurate estimate of dust-particle damage in crop production has great importance. Therefore, the study of the effects of dust particles on crop growth is very important. Materials and Methods In order to study the effects of dust on grain yield and physiological and biochemical traits of wheat, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with four replications was conducted at the research field, the campus of agriculture and natural resources, Razi University, Kermanshah in 2013-2014. The first factor included two bread wheat cultivars (Pishgam and Zarin) and one durum wheat cultivar (Behrang) and the second factor was applied with the aim to simulate the effect of sprinkler irrigation on the removing of dust particles on the leaf surface with two levels: washing and non-washing treatments of wheat C. Results With respect to the results, in the canopy non-washing treatment, Pishtaz and Behrang cultivars had the highest (6.91 ton ha-1) and the lowest (4.97 ton ha-1) grain yield respectively. The canopy washing treatment compared to the non-washing treatment significantly increased grain yield (18% on average) and its components (without 1000 grains weight), biological yield, harvest index, and some physiological traits, including leaf photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, maximum efficiency of photosystem II, survival index, and some biochemical traits, such as leaf soluble proteins, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, but it had no significant effect on transpiration rate. The lowest and the highest reduction in grain yield under air dust particles are related to Pishgam (13%) and Behrang (28%) respectively. Particles with 0.3 micrometers diameter or less formed most of the dust particles in the air. Discussion It seems that the deposition of this size of particles in stomata pores is the main reason for stomatal plugging, and therefore, the reduction in stomatal conductance and the reduction of leaf photosynthesis rate and the decrease of grain yield reduction. Stomatal plugging by dust particles may cause less water loss and the increase in relative water content as a result. These findings suggest that, in the case of dust-particle occurrence, leaf washing with sprinkler irrigation compared with traditional irrigation method may cause significant increase in grain yield and its components and physiological and biochemical traits in wheat in this area and similar areas.

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

M.S. Emadi; P. Hassibi; A.R. Azimi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing ... Read More

Study of Photosynthesis and Respiration Changes in Different Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress

N A; P H; M M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 55-69

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of salinity stress on growth characteristics, respiration, photosynthesis and gas exchange in three sugar beet genotypes (13030, 22393 ... Read More

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Keywords = Photosynthesis

Effect of foliar application of amino acids on some physiological processes of oil rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.) under late-season drought stress conditions

Abstract

Effect of Seed Treatment on Physiological Traits of Two Safflower Cultivars under Defoliation

Abstract

The Effect of Dust Particles on Grain Yield and Some of the Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat in West of Iran

Abstract

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

Abstract

Study of Photosynthesis and Respiration Changes in Different Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress

Abstract