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The effect of sodium nitroprusside and triacanthanol on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica in the full bloom stage

Saeideh Alizadeh-salteh; Samaneh Khalaf Khani; parinaz ferdowsi qebchaq

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44445.2116

Abstract

Introduction: Sodium nitroprusside and triacontanol , as plant growth regulators, improve plant growth and development and influence the production of secondary metabolites. Also, Triacontanol, ... Read More Introduction: Sodium nitroprusside and triacontanol , as plant growth regulators, improve plant growth and development and influence the production of secondary metabolites. Also, Triacontanol, as a plant growth stimulant, plays a central role in regulating many biochemical and physiological processes of plants, including photosynthesis. Dracocephalum moldavica L. is a herbaceous, annual and aromatic plant with white and blue flowers from the mint family (Lamiaceae), which is native to Central Asia but has been domesticated in Central and Eastern Europe. Considering the economic importance of Moldavian balm medicinal plant, in this research, it has been tried to investigate the effects of sodium nitroprusside and Triacontanol on the morphological changes and quantitative and qualitative performance of secondary metabolites, especially the yield of essential oil of moldavian balm medicinal plant. Materials and Methods: This investigation was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University. The studied factors include foliar spraying of three different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) and tricanthanoltriethanol (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) in the flowering stage. Finally, growth traits (leaf surface and number of lateral stems), shoot yield (fresh and dry weight), essential oil yieldand percentage, biochemical traits (soluble solids, protein, flavonoid and total phenol content) and content of nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium) were examined in full bloom stage. After the measurement of desired parameters, the obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software. Comparison of mean data was done using Duncan's multiple range test. All figures were drawn using Excel software. Results and Discussion: The results obtained in the present study showed that interaction of different concentrations of Tria and SNP had a significant effect on leaf area and the number of lateral branches. Also, SNP at a concentration of 1 mM caused a significant increase in the fresh and dry weight of shoots in the plant. Total soluble solids were significantly affected by different concentrations of Tria. Foliar spraying of Tria and SNP had significant effects on the nutrients content of leaf tissue and the highest increase was recorded at a concentration of 1 mM. Also, foliar spraying of SNP alone and together with Tria had a significant effect on the content of phenol, flavonoid and total soluble protein at the level of 1%, and the treatment of 1 mM SNP with 1 mM Tria caused an increase of 62.93, 51.24 and 34.92% compared to the control treatment, respectively. According to the results, the treatment of 1 mM Tria with 1 mM SNP had the greatest effect on the yield of essential oil and increased the essential oil yield of Moldavian Balm plant by 207% compared to the control treatment. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the use of sodium nitroprusside and triacantanol with the appropriate concentration had significant effects on the growth and yield of the Moldavian Balm plant, and the treatment of 1mM triacantanol + 1mM sodium nitroprusside was introduced as the optimal treatment in this study.

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Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some native ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum L.) populations of Iran

Atieh Drayabeigi; Faezehossadat Abtahi; Hossein Salehi Arjmand

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 251-262

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42680.2069

Abstract

IntroductionToday, one of the most important environmental stresses that become a great threat to agricultural activities around the world is soil salinity. The salinity issue is more ... Read More IntroductionToday, one of the most important environmental stresses that become a great threat to agricultural activities around the world is soil salinity. The salinity issue is more in arid and semi-arid climate finding hardy plants should be a priority. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of salinity stress on morphophysiological and biochemical traits of some accesions of ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum L.). Materials and MethodsIn this study, the effects of salinity stress on two levels (control and 100 mM NaCl) as the first factor and 10 accesions of ajwain (Shiraz, Isfahan, Hamedan, Zahedan, Tabriz, Mashhad 1, Mashhad 2, Yazd, Ahvaz, Arak) as the second factor as factorial and the basis of a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications (n =3) were evaluated in the research greenhouse of Department of Medicinal Plants of Arak University in pot conditions in 2019. In each experimental unit, a few seeds were sown, after emergence; additional seedlings were thinned to prevent competition, so that in each pot, finally, four strongest and uniform seedlings were kept. Until the seedlings reached 8-10 leaves, salinity treatment was done by irrigation with 500 ml of 100 mM NaCl solution. Plants were sampled and harvested to study the morphophysiological and biochemical traites of T.copticum L. in the flowering stage. The obtained data were statistically tested by analysis of variance (GLM) using SAS software Version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA, 1990). Duncan’s new multi range test was applied for means comparison and significant differences among employed treatments at P <0.05 and 0.01 using SPSS software Version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). The parameters, including minimum, maximum, mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. In order to identify some of the main factors to reduce the number of effective traits in differentiating populations, principal component analysis (PCA) was used. In order to have a simple structure and better interpretation of the results of the analysis, the data was rotated by Varimax procedure. Also, the two- dimensional plot was generated using the first and second principal components (PC1and PC2) with PAST software. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that salinity caused a significant decrease in plant height, fresh weight of aerial parts, dry weight of aerial parts and relative water content, while salinity caused a significant increase in leakage of electrolytes, phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. Salinity stress had no effect on the content of photosynthetic pigments including chlorophyll a, b, total, and carotenoids. The highest height and fresh weight were related to the populations of Hamedan and Mashhad 1, respectively. Also, the lowest mean value of height and fresh weight was related to Arak population. No significant difference was observed among the investigated populations in any of the physiological traits, and only significant difference was observed in the antioxidant capacity, the highest of which was related to the population of Arak and the lowest was related to the population of Mashhad 1. The interaction between population and salinity was not significant in any of the traits. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA), the highest value of standard deviation was related to the flavonoid and the lowest value of the standard deviation was related to the trait of total dry weight of aerial parts. ConclusionSalinity negatively affects the growth and physiological responses of the plants. The results also showed that ajwain is classified as a relatively salt tolerant species, although there are significant differences between its accesions.

Evaluation of genetic diversity of some native population of Iranian coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) based on morphological and physiological

Solmaz Nezafat; Mehdi Mohebodini; Rasoul Azarmi; َAsghar Ebadi Segherloo; Roghayeh Fathi

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 449-461

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.37678.1984

Abstract

Introduction Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family. The used part of this plant is its seeds and leaves. In addition to oral consumption, coriander ... Read More Introduction Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual plant of the Apiaceae family. The used part of this plant is its seeds and leaves. In addition to oral consumption, coriander is a blood sugar lowering, blood lipid lowering, blood pressure lowering, hypnotic, sedative and anti-anxiety. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, sedative and antimicrobial activities. The basic requirement for plant breeding programs is a germplasm diversity that provides necessary facilities for breeding species with desirable features. Therefore, accurate identification of genotypes is considered as a prerequisite in this manner. The phenotypical characteristics are the first markers that have been used for diversity researches. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the genetic diversity of some coriander Populations in Iran based on morphological and physiological traits, 26 ecotypes were collected from different regions of the country and the experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in field conditions Mohaghegh Ardabili University in 1398. Some morphological and phytochemical characteristics such as Stem diameter, Leaflet Number, Leaf Number, Stem, root and internode length, Total plant height, flower and Leaf fresh and dry weight,Total plant and Root dry weight, Anthocyanin, Total Phenol and essential oil components were studied. The measurements began after the 50% of flowering stage. Results and Discussion The analysis of variance of the data showed a significant difference between the studied traits, which indicates the existence of genetic diversity between coriander populations. there are significant differences between the populations in traits of plant height, stem and root length, nodes, internodes, leaves and leaflets numbers, stem diameter, plant dry weight, root dry weight, stem dry weight, leaf fresh weight, flower fresh weight and total phenol. Comparison of mean traits in total showed that Siahkal and Kashmar populations were superior to other populations in stem diameter (1.74, 1.63 mm), leaf fresh weight (0.57, 0.50 g), number of leaves (11.66, 15.70) and anthocyanin content (0.27, 0.37 mg/g FW). Based on Cluster analysis, divided the studied populations into three major groups. Main purpose of this study was determination of genetic diversity among Coriander accessions from Iran. Significant differences were found among the accessions in almost every parameter measured. Conclusion The range of vegetative and flower values obtained in this study was more than those of reported in previous researches about Coriander. With increasing leaf number and leaf fresh weight that is the main place to trap sunlight for photosynthesis and consequently provides the condition to produce secondary metabolites. Thus, Kashmar accessions with having high values of leaf can be considered for in view point of cultivation and breeding programs.

Effect of Permissible Inhibitors from Mixing of Several Medicinal Plants on Weed Seed Bank to a Depth of 20 cm Soil

vahid Chamani; Elnaz Farajzadeh-Memari-Tabrizi

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 115-128

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.28826.1748

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWeed seed bank in the soil is an essential source of weeds that enables them to be present in the fields. The seed bank density in a crop may reach ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWeed seed bank in the soil is an essential source of weeds that enables them to be present in the fields. The seed bank density in a crop may reach a million seeds per square meter. Depending on the crop operation, crop rotation, and herbicide selection, the weed seed bank differs according to the location and time. Due to the economic benefits and improved crop ability, plant remains have become an attractive and acceptable way in agriculture. Allelopathic plant remnants can have a beneficial effect on weed control. The allelopathy of these plants plays a vital role in controlling the seed bank of weed soils. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixing different amounts of residues of three medicinal herbs on the potential of the weed seed bank in the Malekan region. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out at Malakan Azad University labs in 2018. Treatments included mixing different amounts of residues (0, 50, 100, and 150 g / m2), and three medicinal plants were cumin, seaweed, and marjoram. Samples had taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm in an ocher system (7 cm radius) to measure the soil's seed bank. Weeds were isolated, and their species were identified. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the germination strength of these seeds. This part of the experiment was carried out with three replications in a completely randomized design. ResultsIn total, 53915 weed seeds were detected per square meter. The highest seeds in the soil belonging to weed carnivorous and lambspeed were 33254 and 12457 seed per square meter of soil, respectively. The seeds of these two weeds included 95.4% of the seed bank of soil weeds. In this study, the remnants of seaweed and marigold caused a significant decrease in germination characteristics and the growth of seedlings of these weeds. Remains of cumin have little effect on the traits studied. Seed germination and seedlings growth of these weeds decreased by 44.7% and 84.9%, respectively. Discussion By increasing the amount of application of the remains, a more significant reduction in germination and weed growth was achieved. The remnants of the two herbs had a similar effect on germination and seedling growth. Overall, this study showed that the remnants of medicinal plants could reduce the diversity and abundance of seed banks of soil weeds.

The effect of harvest time on essential oil content, yield and composition of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) in the Hamidiyeh region

M. Mahmodi Sorestani; M. Akbarzadeh

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 115-129

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11136

Abstract

Spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) is one of the most important mint family that has numerous applications in food, cosmetical, and pharmaceutical industries due to its valuable medicinal ... Read More

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Keywords = Medicinal plants

The effect of sodium nitroprusside and triacanthanol on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of the medicinal plant Dracocephalum moldavica in the full bloom stage

Abstract

Evaluation of salinity tolerance of some native ajwain (Trachyspermum copticum L.) populations of Iran

Abstract

Evaluation of genetic diversity of some native population of Iranian coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) based on morphological and physiological

Abstract

Effect of Permissible Inhibitors from Mixing of Several Medicinal Plants on Weed Seed Bank to a Depth of 20 cm Soil

Abstract

The effect of harvest time on essential oil content, yield and composition of spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) in the Hamidiyeh region

Abstract