Plant Productions

Investigating the amount of nutritional elements in reproductive organs on the fruit set of tissue culture derived and offshoot date palm cv. Barhee

Maryam Boroujerdnia; Seyyed Samih Marashi; Hojat Dialami

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 307-318

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43140.2087

Abstract

IntroductionDate is one of the important crops in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Today, plant tissue culture technology, as an important commercial method, provides the possibility ... Read More IntroductionDate is one of the important crops in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Today, plant tissue culture technology, as an important commercial method, provides the possibility of rapid reproduction of trees needed for the development of groves. Despite this, one of the main weaknesses of this method is the possibility of abnormal phenotypes such as delay in flowering, low levels of fruit set and formation of parthenocarp fruits. There is a difference between tissue culture date varieties in terms of the amount of abnormalities. In young tissue culture palm trees of Berhi cultivar, the amount of parthenocarp fruits reaches 59-86% and the yield of the date palm is greatly reduced. Therefore, identifying the causes of these abnormalities in tissue culture palms is very important. Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in order to investigate the changes in nutrient elements related to fruit set in the pollination season on tissue culture derived date palms and derived from offshoot cv. Barhee in Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center of Ahvaz city (year 2022). At the beginning of spring season, palm trees were selected from each group of tissue culture and offshoot trees 10- years -old. Sampling of flowers and fruits were done in the three stages of spath appearance, ripe spath and 2 weeks after pollination from three spathes. In the pollination stage, three spathes in each palm (1-2 days before natural opening) were pollinated with the same male pollen. Nitrogen, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, boron and potassium elements were measured in the flower or fruit samples collected from tissue culture and offshoot trees. In 5th week after pollination, fruit set percentage, parthenocarp fruits percentage and flower and fruit drop percentage were recorded.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that tissue culture derived plants had less fruit set and more seedless fruits and drop as compared to off shoot derived plants. Also, the fruit yield in the tissue culture plants was lower than off shoot derived plants. The levels of magnesium, manganese, boron, zinc and potassium in off shoot derived plants were higher than tissue culture plants in most of the measured stages. By using multiple linear regression analysis and superior model selection, the amount of calcium and iron of flower and fruit had a negative relationship with the amount of fruit set and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and boron had a positive relationship with it. ConclusionThe lack of nutritional elements in tissue culture plants in comparison to offshoot derived plants in different stages, especially pollination and fruit formation, may cause disturbances in the synthesis of carbohydrates, protein, and organic matter, so the growth and development of the plant and ultimately the amount reduce fruit yield. Therefore, optimal feeding of trees and foliar spraying with key elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and magnesium at different stages can be one of the effective ways to improve fruiting and achieve maximum yield and increase the quality of the fruit of these trees.

Study on the effects of dust on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollination and fruit set

A. Torahi; K. Arzani

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 63-74

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19084.1374

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesIn the recent years the phenomenon of dust increased in the environment, so has affected most agricultural products such as date palm. This study has been conducted ... Read More Background and ObjectivesIn the recent years the phenomenon of dust increased in the environment, so has affected most agricultural products such as date palm. This study has been conducted in order to study on the effects of dust on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollination and fruit set. The experiment was carried out in two growing seasons 2014 and 2015 in order to evaluate the effect of combined treatments including dust, rain and pollination on fruit set, parthenocarpic fruits and fruit abscission of 8-years old `Estamaran’ (‘Sayer’) date palms in the field. In addition, dust sediment manner on the flower and stigmatic surface in the simulated environment at the laboratory was studied. Materials and methodsIn each combined treatment in the field, all bunches of experimental trees was treated as replications. At the laboratory, simulation operation has been done by placing the flowers under binocular camera and operating the combined treatments using soft brush for dusting and pollination on the stigma, also manual hand spray was applied. A month after treatments, traits such as fruit set, parthenocarpic fruit and abscission percentage and dust sedimentation manner on the flower and stigma was studied. The data were analyzed statistically using the analysis of variance using MINITAB17 software.Results and Discussion Results showed that treatments had significant effects on the studied traits. Maximum obtained from pollination (66.11%) and minimum fruit set obtained from non-pollinated treatment (0.5%). In the other applied treatments, in spite of pollination, existence of one or two other factors and their operation order had different effects on fruit set. Combined treatments that included dust caused significant reduction in fruit set and led to the increase in fruit abscission. The maximum parthenocarpic fruit set observed in non-pollinated treatment (23.38%) with the significant difference in comparison to other treatments and the minimum parthenocarpic fruit produced by combined dust, rain and pollination treatment (0.48%). The maximum abscission was observed in the combined dust, rain and pollination treatment (83.82%) and the minimum abscission observed in pollination treatment (32.88%). The simulated operation results at the laboratory was approved and quiet similar to the results obtained from the field experiment, so the formation of dust insulator layer on the stigmatic surface inhibited most of the pollen grains for direct contact to the stigmatic surface. The obtained results from this research showed the negative impact of the dust on fruit set, so we conclude and suggest the repeat of pollination after the dust storm during date palm pollination.

Comparision of physicochemical characterristic of pollinated and unpollinated Piarom and Shahani Date Palm during fruit growth and development

S. Rastegar; M. Rahemi

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 65-74

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11132

Abstract

This research compared different characteristics of pollinated and unpollinated fruit of ٬Shahani٫ and ٬Piarom٫ date palms during fruit development. Physical and chemical characteristics ... Read More

Determination of potassium critical level in date palm leaf and effect of potassium on yield and quality of date fruit (cv sayer)

H. Dialami1

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 35-45

Abstract

In order to determine the potassium critical level in date palm leaf, fertilizer experiments with four treatments from 4 levels of potassium, including: 0, 250, 500 and 750g K from ... Read More

A study on the pollen morphology of Khuzestan male date varieties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

S.M.H M; A T; L B

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 97-109

Abstract

Regarding the diversity of male date varieties in Khuzestan province used for pollination of female trees, the importance of pollen type in fertilization, its affect on quality and ... Read More

Effects of Storage Temperature on Date Palm Pollen Viability

A M; S M; T T; S A

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 97-107

Abstract

This research has been conducted to study the effects of near ambient temperatures occurring in drying process on date pollen viability (PV) and pollen viability declining rate (PVDR) ... Read More

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Keywords = Date palm

Investigating the amount of nutritional elements in reproductive organs on the fruit set of tissue culture derived and offshoot date palm cv. Barhee

Abstract

Study on the effects of dust on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) pollination and fruit set

Abstract

Comparision of physicochemical characterristic of pollinated and unpollinated Piarom and Shahani Date Palm during fruit growth and development

Abstract

Determination of potassium critical level in date palm leaf and effect of potassium on yield and quality of date fruit (cv sayer)

Abstract

A study on the pollen morphology of Khuzestan male date varieties by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Abstract

Effects of Storage Temperature on Date Palm Pollen Viability

Abstract