Plant Productions - Articles List

Investigation of Seed Storage Proteins Diversity in Some Durum Wheat Landraces and Cultivars

Fatemeh Soorninia; Abdollah Najaphy; Danial Kahrizi; Ali Mostafaie; Ali Ashraf Mehrabi

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 385-396

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.39915.2012

Abstract

IntroductionReducing the genetic diversity of crops as a result of the use of breeding processes leads to the loss of a large number of useful genes and thus reduces the diversity of ... Read More IntroductionReducing the genetic diversity of crops as a result of the use of breeding processes leads to the loss of a large number of useful genes and thus reduces the diversity of genetic resources, which is one of the undeniable tools of breeding programs. Therefore, researches aimed at studying the genetic diversity of crops can be an effective aid in preserving genetic resources and identifying superior genotypes. Electrophoresis of seed storage proteins is a useful tool to study the characteristics of wheat genotypes in terms of storage proteins diversity. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, the diversity of seed storage proteins of 25 durum wheat genotypes obtained from different regions of Iran, including some landraces and commercial cultivars, was investigated using SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Storage proteins of the studied genotypes were scored and analyzed after extraction and electrophoresis. Grain protein content and total gluten were measured by NIR and glutomatic gluten washer machines, respectively. Results and DiscussionElectrophoresis identified 14 polymorphic bands. Molecular analysis of variance between landraces and commercial cultivars showed 100% intragroup diversity. Cluster analysis using Jaccard coefficients by UPGMA method divided the studied genotypes into 4 groups. Genotypes No. 9 (Land race of Mashhad), 18 (Land race of Ahar) and 24 (Landrace of Islamabad Gharb) were placed each in a separate group and the rest of the genotypes formed another group. The two-dimensional graph resulting from principal component analysis also confirmed these four groups. Based on Jaccard similarity matrix, the lowest similarity and highest genetic distance were determined between genotypes No. 24 (Land race of Islamabad Gharb) with genotypes No. 21 (Dehdasht cultivar), 22 (Land race of Khorramabad), 23 (Dena cultivar) and 25 (Land race of Khorramabad) with a similarity coefficient of 0.41 was obtained. On the other hand, comparing the mean of genotypes for qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten, the highest amount of these two traits for genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) and the lowest values of both traits were obtained for genotype No. 24 (Landrace of Islamabad-West). Genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) is also one of the genotypes with high amounts of gluten. ConclusionThe electrophoretic pattern of seed storage proteins can determine genetic diversity based on the presence or absence of protein bands. Therefore it can be a useful tool to identify the genetic diversity of different plants. It is also possible for genotypes that have the greatest genetic distance and at the same time have good quantitative and qualitative traits to participate in breeding programs as parents. In the present study, according to the study of genotypes by analyzing the variance of qualitative traits of grain protein content and total gluten and comparing the mean and grouping them using the information obtained by electrophoresis, a cross can be found between genotypes genotypes No. 3 (Landrace of Kermanshah), 4 (Landrace of unknown-Iran), 1 (Landrace of Khoram Abad) and 2 (Landrace of Khoramabad) Due to their high content of gluten and protein with genotype No. 18 (Landrace of Ahar) due to its high content of gluten and acceptable genetic distance with the mentioned genotypes

Study of the Relationship Between Morphological and Phytochemical Traits of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Accessions

Roghayeh Fathi; Mehdi Mohebodini; esmaeil chamani

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 305-319

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32495.1874

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionSummer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is used as a spice and traditional herb in Iran. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, ... Read More AbstractIntroductionSummer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is used as a spice and traditional herb in Iran. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, sedative and antimicrobial activities. The basic requirement for plant breeding programs is a germplasm diversity that provides necessary facilities for breeding species with desirable features. Therefore, accurate identification of genotypes is considered as a prerequisite in this manner. Phenotypic characteristics are the first markers that have been used for diversity researches. Materials and MethodsIn this research, 20 accessions of S. hortensis were chosen from Iran, Bulgaria, Germany, Czech, Georgia, Syria, Hungary, Poland, Italy and Uzbekistan. Some morphological and phytochemical characteristics such as internode number, shoot number, number of days to germination, collar diameter, fresh weight of aerial part, bract fresh weight, flower number, peduncle length, 1000-seeds weight, flower fresh and dry weight and essential oil components were studied. The measurements began after the 50% of flowering stage. Results and DiscussionBased on the results of morphological studies, internode number (11.03), shoot number (18.58), 1000-seeds weight (925.97 mg) high variable Uzbekistan accessions were best in this traits. Maximum flower number (26.34) and flower fresh weight (26.14 mg) were obtained from Bulgaria accession. Essential oil amount was higher in Karaj accession. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that fresh weight of aerial part had the highest correlation with flower fresh weight (0.97). Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance divided the accessions into four major groups in which the third and fourth groups had valuable characteristics. The Bulgaria accession had the highest ɣ-Terpinene and Borneol. The Karaj accession was the best in carvacrol and delta-3-carene content. Clustering from essential oil component assigned accessions into five clusters. It can be suggested that there is a considerable genetic variation among S. hortensis accessions. The main purpose of this study was to determine genetic diversity among S. hortensis accessions from Iran and other parts of the world. Significant differences were found among the accessions in almost every parameter measured. The range of vegetative and flower values obtained in this study was more than those reported in previous researches about S. hortensis. With increasing shoot and leaf number, Iran appears to be the main place to trap sunlight for photosynthesis and consequently provides the condition to produce flowers, seeds and secondary metabolites. Thus, Uzbekistan and Bulgaria accessions having high values of leaf and flower can also be considered for cultivation and breeding programs. ConclusionIn this study, agro-morphological and essential oil properties of S. hortensis accessions originated from Iran and some Asian and European countries were evaluated. The study revealed a high level of diversity in morphological and phytochemical traits among S. hortensis accessions. This needs a breeding approach during the domestication process to obtain homogenous cultivars with suitable agricultural properties. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Essential oil, Genetic diversity

Response of Different Tomato Varieties to the Replacement of Chemical Toxins Controlling Tomato Fruit Borer (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner) by Some Endogenous Plant Compounds

Zahra Qalebi; Mohammad Modarresi; Fariba Sohrabi; Dariush Saberi; Mohammad Hedayat

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 531-544

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.34980.1940

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionPests and their controlling pesticides are among the most serious threats to the health of agricultural products. The present study was aimed to investigate ... Read More AbstractIntroductionPests and their controlling pesticides are among the most serious threats to the health of agricultural products. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of variety and the possibility of replacing chemical pesticides controlling fruit borer with some compounds of natural origin for plant traits improvement and damage reduction of tomato fruit borer. Factorial experiment was done in the template of randomized complete block design with three repetitions. Materials and MethodsFactors included 9 levels of pest control compounds and 5 varieties (PA-136, PA-162, PA-135, PA-688 and PA-483). Compounds involved Salicylic acid (5 and 15 mM), Jasmonic acid (50 and 100 μM), two pesticides, Abamectin (750 and 1500 mg/L), Chlorpyrifos (1250 and 2500 mg/L) and control. Measured traits involved morphological traits (fruit yield, fruit weigh, numbers of fruit per cluster, plant height and chlorophyll index), phonological traits (days to flowering and days to physiological maturation), phytochemical traits (TA, TSS, and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)) and relative properties to evaluating resistance to fruit borer (the percentage of leaf and fruit damage). Results and DiscussionSignificant variation was observed between varieties. The maximum fruit yield per plant was related to PA-136 variety with applications of two-levels of Chlorpyrifos and Jasmonic acid, PA-162 variety with application of first level of Abamactin, second level of Salicylic acid and PA-135 and PA-688 varieties with the second level of Chlorpyrifos. The highest significant positive correlation with yield related to single fruit weight (r=0.48**) and the highest significant negative correlation were related to days to flowering (r= -0.52**). In stepwise regression analysis of single plant yield as a dependent variable, three traits including days to flowering, single fruit weight, and a percentage of pest damage on leaf (as the most important traits) were incorporated in the regression model that totally explained 49% of variations. Path analysis results indicated that the highest positive direct effect (0.42) was related to single fruit weight, and the highest indirect effects (-0.047) had to do with this trait via days to flowering. The first four components were chosen in principal component analysis, explaining totally 62.5% of phenotypes variation. ConclusionReducing pest damage on leaf and fruit in applying Salicylic acid and Jasmonic acid is suitable and resulted in the same level of chemical control use.Thus, findings may be used in the design of breeding programs for plant trait improvement and integrated pest management of tomato fruit borer.

Evaluation of Some Chrysanthemum Cultivars Using Morphological Traits in Beiran-Shahr, Lorestan Province

Shirin Taghipour; Abdollah Ehteshamnia; Hamed Khodayari; Hassan Mumivand

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 47-62

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22802.1496

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Chrysanthemum, due to numerous applications in floriculture and medicinal industries has been considered one of the most important ornamental ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Chrysanthemum, due to numerous applications in floriculture and medicinal industries has been considered one of the most important ornamental plants and medicinal plants in the global area. In addition to being used as a cut flower, it also has a special place among potted flowers and gardens. Also, it is used as a medicinal plant with strong healing properties in traditional Chinese medicine and considered to treat eye diseases, headaches, colds, and etc. However, only a few reports have been presented in the field of genetic diversity of Chrysanthemums by morphological and molecular markers. Therefore, there is a need for further identification of germplasm and cultivars of Chrysanthemums in Iran. This study aimed to assess the genetic diversity of 15 cultivars of Chrysanthemums based on morphological characteristics and selection of cultivar adapted to Khorramabad region. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the area of Beiran-Shahr, Lorestan province in 2017. Twenty-one morphological characteristics were determined from fresh materials. These traits in accordance with the given instructions describing World UPOV Chrysanthemums, were measured. Quantitative measurements were carried out on 10 leaves per cultivars. Some variables including diameter (branches, petioles, discs, buds and flowers) were measured by digital caliper. The traits such as length and width of leaf, plant height, length and width of the tab florets with ruler were measured. Results Based on data analysis most of the traits in cultivars showed significant differences (p≤0.01). Results showed that the correlation between leaf area with leaf width, petiole diameter and number of leaves has a positive and significant correlation with the probability level of 5%. The most significant and negative correlation (r = 0.99) was observed between number of flowers per plant and number of florets. Based on the results obtained from principal components analysis, seven independent and major components with Eigen values greater than one could explain 89 percent of the total variation. The first component, verified 24.4 percent of the total variation. Cluster analysis of cultivars in Euclidean distance of 26.68, was categorized into two main groups. The cultivars "Avadis" and "Norooz3" in the first group were distinguished from the rest of the cultivars with the lowest height. The "Fariba"; "Ashraf" and "Andiea" cultivars were placed in the group and most abundant cultivars. Discussion Based on the results, leaf size, plant height, number of branches and number of flowers in plant traits were most important in recognizing the diversity of cultivars Chrysanthemum. By using some cultivars belonging to the first cluster with less height and cultivars in the second cluster with more leaves and flowers as a parent, a new cycle of Chrysanthemum breeding program can be initiated.

Estimates of Variance Components and Heritability of Grain Yield and Yield Components in Confectionary Sunflower Landraces in Different Levels of Irrigation

E. Gholinezhad; R. Darvishzadeh

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19226.1383

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a limiting factor for sunflower. Various reports have mentioned the effect of water stress and limited irrigation on sunflower for many respects, including phonological traits, morphology, agronomic and physiological. Sunflower is a crop that can withstand a variety of environmental conditions, particularly drought and due to the developed root system. It has high efficiency in absorbing water from the soil. Sunflower is one of the most important oil crops and due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids and a lack of cholesterol, the oil benefits from a desirable quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity and the heritability of agro-morphological traits in confectionary sunflower under different levels of drought stress. Materials and Methods 56 local populations were studied in three separate experiments in rectangular lattice design (7×8) with two replications at Agricultural Research Center of West-Azerbaijan province, Urmia, Iran in 2012. Water treatments were well-watered, moderate and severe water stress conditions so that irrigation was applied with 50%, 70% and 90% depletion of available water, respectively. Various agronomic and morphological traits were calculated based on measuring traits in sunflower. Productivity effort as a physiological trait was measured by dividing the total dry weight of reproductive organs (head) to the total dry weight of plant. Results The results showed that in all three different water treatment conditions, heritability of head diameter, stem diameter, plant height, grain and biological yield was more than other traits. In well-watered conditions, moderate heritability varied between 0.52% for number of seeds per head to 80.61% for plant height. In moderate drought stress condition, the maximum and minimum heritability belonged to head diameter (76.21%) and chlorophyll index (26.45%), respectively. In severe drought stress condition, the most and the least heritability was observed for stem diameter (83.64%) and number of seeds per head (0 %), respectively. Among yield components, the heritability of 1000-grain weight at three water treatment conditions was higher compared to number of seeds per head, so for increasing grain yield, selection via 1000-grain will be more efficient. Discussion For the traits of grain yield, head diameter, stem diameter, biomass yield, chlorophyll index, dry weight of leaf, head and head with grain, the heritability in severe drought stress was higher than optimum conditions and this showed that the phenotypic variance is a large proportion of the genetic variance of more favorable traits. Due to the fixed component in the numerator and the denominator of genetic variance, environmental variance decreased in drought stress conditions in comparison with optimum irrigation conditions.

Assessing the Morphological, Phonological and Physiological Diversity of Some Center and South Iranian Onion (Allium cepa L.) Genotypes as Regards Bolting Resistance

S. M. Zarrin; A. Masoumiasl

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 117-131

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.18873.1369

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives After the potato and tomato, onion production is in the third place in world, but planting it in the fall season is faced with the problem of bolting. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives After the potato and tomato, onion production is in the third place in world, but planting it in the fall season is faced with the problem of bolting. Although flower production is one of the main stages of seed production, flowering branches formation by consuming foods stored in the bulb reduces the quality and quantity of products. Critical size of plants for stimulating the production of flowering branches depends on genotype (Brewster, 1985). Temperature requirement for stimulating flower production varies between 5 and 12 degree Centigrade (Khokhar et al., 2007; Wiebe, 1990; Brewster, 1982). Thus, studying how this phenomenon, effective environmental conditions and its inducing factors for identifying bolting resistant genotypes is considered important. Materials and Methods The seeds of six Iranian landraces genotypes of onion including Lorestan, Qom, Tehran, Kerman, Hormozgan and Sistan (received from Iranian Gene Bank, Karaj), 10 indigenous genotypes collected from different regions of the center and south of Iran, as well as two foreign commercial cultivars were planted in pots in the greenhouse condition. After reaching the eight leaf stage, plants were transferred to the cold room. The average temperature of cold room was 8 °C and photoperiod was 11 hours brightness to simulate winter condition. To evaluate cold requirement for bolting, two different treatment times (45 and 70 days) were considered. After that treatment, pots were transferred to the greenhouse. Some morphological, phonological and physiological traits were measured. Results According to results of analysis of variance, differences of all traits between all studied genotypes were significant showing high variability in genotypes. Also, the effect of genotype and treatment for plant height, flowering percentage, total leaf soluble solids and total leaf soluble protein was significant. In this study, Kerman genotype was identified as the most resistance genotype to bolting in both treatments. Then Ghale Reiysi, Golden and Badrood genotypes, with the small flowering percentage showed the highest resistance to bolting. Badrood genotype had the highest sensitivity to bolting. Discussion Kazemi Shahandashti et al. (2011) suggested that cold treatment inhibits cell division so the temperature decrease leads to stoping the growth and changing the synthesis of proteins. However, in some plants during the cold treatment, adaptability to cold is normal and higher height in some genotypes can be attributed to cold adaptability of them. These results generally reflect the diversity between genotypes in terms of flower production and indicate that in line with other studies (Darabi, 2010), the flower production reduced weight, length, diameter and volume of bulb. In general, increase in total soluble solids can be considered as a physiological index for resistance to bolting.

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

A. Hajiali; R. Darvishzadeh; B. Zahedi; J. Abbaskohpayegani

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12555

Abstract

Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of ... Read More Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation among Iranian watermelon accessions originating from different regions of the country by morphological traits. Materials and Methods Sixteen accessions together with two commercial watermelon cultivars were planted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Urmia in 2013.Fifteen traits including leaf length, leaf width, plant length, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit mass, fruit skin, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, pH, TSS and yield were assessed on the studied accessions. During fruit ripening, four fruits from each plot were randomly selected and the traits were measured according to InternationalBoard for PlantGenetic Resources Institute descriptor. The TSS was assessed by using refractometer and the pH by using pH meter. Results Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between genotypes for all studied traits except for pH, stem length and number of fruits per plant. According to the results, fruit yield ranged from 24626 kg h-1 in Charleston Gray genotype to 13444 kg h-1 in Hamedan 817 accession. The percentage of TSS varied from 9.27% in Crimson sweet genotype to 5.1% in Khorasan 806 accession and fruit pH varied from 5.63 in Hamedan 817 accession to 4.78 in Charleston Gray genotype. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits, indicating the significant effects of environmental effects. The highest positive correlation (0.968) was observed between pulp weight and fruit weight and the highest negative one (-0.815) was observed between TSS and seed length. The highest heritability was seen for 100 seed weight and the lowest one for pH. Cluster analysis with Ward method, classified the studied accessions in to three different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 3. Discussions The results revealed a rather high level of genetic polymorphism and wide genetic variation between accessions, which offer valuable information for conservation and management of genetic resources and utilizing them in watermelon breeding programs. The genetic distance between accessions is a valuable parameter to conserve and use a given germplasm in breeding activities. It was proved that crosses between unrelated and genetically distant parents will show more power hybrid than crosses between genotypes closely related.

Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Some of Iranian Snake Melon (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) Accessions Using Morphological Markers

Narges Dastranji; Abdolali Shojaeiyan; Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran; Sajad Rashidi-Monfared; Azam Nikzad-Gharehaghaji

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 15-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12061

Abstract

Background and Objectives Local accessions have developed traits that may improve their ability to adapt to local invironmental conditions. These accessions may contain genes responsible ... Read More

Determination of plant diversity using morphological characters and path analysis in dill germplasms

Z. Fathalipoor; D. Nabati Ahmadi; H. Rajabi Memari; A. Siahpoosh; F. Sedighi Dehkordi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 57-67

Abstract

The most important composition character within a plant breeding program is to have type and amount of genetic diversity. In addition to using a visual approach and genetic tools to ... Read More

Evaluation of genetic diversity in some strawberry (fragaria × annanasa Duch.) cultivars in Iran using morphological characteristics

H.A. Asadi Gharneh; K. Arzani; A. Shojaeiyan; A.R. Golparvar; N. Sabaghnia

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 93-106

Abstract

Strawberry is one of the most important small fruits in Iran and the world. Identification of elite cultivars according to morphological characteristics is an important task in any ... Read More

Evaluation of genetic diversity of some spring and winter wheat cultivars with SSR markers

B F; B Y; M.R N; M M

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 71-79

Abstract

In the present study, 37 microsatellite primerpairs were used for germplasm analysis and estimation of the genetic relationship and diversity between 21 spring and winter genotypes ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Genetic diversity

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