Plant Productions

Evaluation of pear seedlings Pyrus betulifolia for tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis

Mitra Mirabdulbaghi; Hamid Abdollahi; Mahyar Tavusi; Ali Rezaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 March 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.45717.2137

Abstract

The calcareous nature of soils is considered one of the fundamental and limiting challenges in pear production. Overcoming these challenges requires the use of rootstocks that are more ... Read More The calcareous nature of soils is considered one of the fundamental and limiting challenges in pear production. Overcoming these challenges requires the use of rootstocks that are more tolerant. The P.betulifolia pear rootstock shows relatively high tolerance to abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity. However, detailed and documented information on its tolerance to calcareous soils is lacking. In this study, the effects of soil substrates with lime content in the range of 15% (clay-loam texture), 20% (clay texture), 25% (loam texture), and 45% (sandy loam texture) on growth characteristics (length and width of leaves, diameter, height, and internode length) and leaf nutrient uptake (nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, active iron, and total iron) were investigated. Additionally, the tolerance to iron chlorosis due to soil calcareousness was measured using the “Chlorosis Power Index” or CPI for both rootstocks. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design. Results indicated a significant positive correlation between the “Chlorosis Power Index” and the amount of soil calcium carbonate in a regression, while a negative and significant correlation was observed with soil iron content. P.betulifolia exhibited lower sensitivity to the “Chlorosis Power Index” compared to the Pyrodwarf rootstock (control). Negative and significant regression relationships between increasing “Chlorosis Power Index” and the studied traits were not observed in the P.betulifolia rootstock. Differences in phenological and leaf greenness traits during spring observations were significant between rootstocks, specifically in the parameter of minimum and maximum chlorophyll fluorescence. Soil lime factor alone resulted in significant differences in trunk diameter. In fall observations, differences in growth traits were statistically significant between rootstocks, soil treatments, and their interaction for internode length. Leaf width and trunk height were significant in the rootstock factor. Nutrient uptake results showed the lowest leaf uptake of total iron and active iron in both rootstocks fewer than 45% lime soil (sandy loam texture). However, in 45% lime soil and the P.betulifolia rootstock, leaf uptake of total iron and active iron was approximately 7% higher than the Pyrodwarf rootstock. Differences in leaf uptake of calcium and nitrogen did not show significance due to increased calcium carbonate in the soil for both rootstocks. In the P.betulifolia rootstock, leaf uptake of calcium, potassium, and zinc was approximately 12% more, and magnesium was nearly 40% more compared to the Pyrodwarf rootstock. However, leaf uptake of nitrogen and boron was 78% and 56% higher, respectively, in the Pyrodwarf rootstock. Regarding nutrient leaf uptake and their regression relationships with the soil CPI index in P.betulifolia and Pyrodwarf rootstocks, the results showed that the Pyrodwarf rootstock had a significant decrease in leaf uptake of total iron and active iron with an increase in the CPI index, while this decrease was not significant in the P.betulifolia rootstock. The regression slopes and intercepts for growth traits between the regression curves of P.betulifolia and Pyrodwarf were homogeneous. The regression slopes for the mentioned traits in both Pyrodwarf and P.betulifolia rootstocks were below zero, indicating that the “Chlorosis Power Index” was a suitable calibration for estimating the correlation level. The superior characteristics of the P.betulifolia rootstock, compared to the Pyrodwarf rootstock, in terms of tolerance to active soil lime up to 45%, including leaf nutrient uptake such as potassium, boron, total iron, and active iron, chlorophyll content, and growth traits such as length and width of leaves, height, and trunk diameter, favored this rootstock over the Pyrodwarf rootstock.

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Effect of Artificial (LEDs) and Natural Lighting on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Petunia, Geranium and Solenostemon Transplants

Parya Dehkhodaei; Saeed Reezi; Masoud Ghasemi Ghehsareh

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 369-381

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32166.1865

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionAccording to the researches, plants behave differently under different light levels. Recent studies have demonstrated that proper light adjustment is critical for ... Read More AbstractIntroductionAccording to the researches, plants behave differently under different light levels. Recent studies have demonstrated that proper light adjustment is critical for bedding plants transplant production. Transplant production under proper light and environmental conditions can increase their quality compared to traditional greenhouse production conditions. Materials and MethodsIn order to compare the effects of different LED light intensities in a growth chamber (a combination of white+ blue+ red LEDs equally in 60±5 and 120±5 µmol.m-2.s-1 levels) with sunlight during winter and spring cultivation at 9.6±5 and 14±5 µmol.m-2.d-1 DLI, respectively, a completely randomized design was established with 10 replications. Morphological and physiological traits of Pelargonium (Pelargonium hortorum 'Maverik Star'), Solenostemon (Solenostemon escutellariodes 'Wizard Scarlet') and Petunia (Petunia × hybrida 'Scarlet eye') transplants were evaluated during the treatment period. Transplants were evaluated in terms of morphological traits such as shoot fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, leaf area and plant height and root height. To determine dry weight, shoots and roots were dried in a drying oven at 72°C for 24 hours. Chlorophyll efficiency (Fv/Fm), anthocyanin and carotenoid contents also were measured during the experiment. Results and DiscussionEight weeks after seeding, leaf area, root length, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf number, leaf surface temperature, carotenoid and chlorophyll contents, and photosynthetic efficiency were measured in transplants. Solenostemon and Geranium transplants were also evaluated for height, internode length, stem diameter and leaf anthocyanin content. Results showed that leaf area, leaf number, internode length, stem diameter, photosynthetic efficiency, shoot and root fresh and dry weight in Geranium and Solenostemon and chlorophyll content and leaf number in Petunia at 60±5 µmol.m-2.s-1 were significantly higher than the other treatments. The leaf surface temperature of transplants in both spring and winter cultivation treatments was higher than that of LEDs. The results showed that there was a significant difference between LED treated plants and sun light treatments. The LED treatments resulted in more compararison with the sun light treatment. ConclusionTransplants grown under identical proportion of white, blue and red LEDs manifested better morphological and physiological characteristics which led to better morphological features. According to the results, use of alternative or complementary light for the production of high-quality seedlings is beneficial. It is especially recommended in winter cultivation for production of proper transplants of Geranium, Solenostemon and Petunia.

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Vegetative and Physiological Characteristics of Superior Local Olive Genotypes (Olea europaea L.) in Pot Conditions

Rahmatollah Gholami; Hojatollah Gholami

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22497.1483

Abstract

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean area, so understanding the mechanisms ... Read More Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean area, so understanding the mechanisms by which olive plants face drought stress under environmental conditions is essential for the improvement of olive yield and oil quality. Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth and development negatively. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics of some superior local olive genotypes in pot condition was conducted in Dallaho Olive Research Station (geographical characters was longitude of 45˚, 51΄ E and latitude of 34˚, 30΄ N and the height of sea level 581m) located in Kermanshah province. In order to select drought resistant or tolerant local olive genotypes an experiment in pot conditions was conducted. Seven olive genotypes (D1, Dd1, GW, Ps1, Bn3, Bn6 and Ds17) used as plant materials. Pot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications and two factors (irrigation regimes and genotypes) was conducted in 2015. Irrigation Ttreatment were including of 100% (control), 80%, 60% and 50% of evapotranspiration respectively. Some vegetative characteristics such as plant height, trunk diameter, leaf number, leaf, shoot, and root fresh and dry weight were recorded. Collected data were analyzed with MSTATC program. Obtained results showed that Bn3 genotype had the highest height and D1 had the lowest height. Bn3 genotype had the highest number of leaf and D1 had the lowest but D1, Dd1 and Gw were in a statistic class. Genotypes showed significant differences in leaf fresh and dry weight so that Bn3 genotype had the highest leaf fresh and dry weight and D1 had the lowest. Genotypes indicated significant differences in pot in shoot and root fresh and dry weight so that Ds17 genotype had the lowest shoot fresh and dry weight and Gw had the lowest root fresh and dry weight. and Bn6 had the lowest root dry weight/ shoot dry weight ratio. irrigation treatments significant differences in recorded vegetative and physiological characteristics so that 100 percent irrigation treatment increase relative water content percent (RWC), total chlorophyll. among olive genotypes Bn3 and Ds17 had the highest, relative water content percent (RWC), total chlorophyll and mda less produced. The results indicated that olive genotypes had different resistance to drought and vegetative growth status of Bn3 and Ds17 genotypes were better in drought stress conditions. It can be concluded that Bn3 and Ds17 genotype had the relatively high resistance to drought stress.

Comparison of Vegetaitive Growth of Six Superior Ber Cultivars in Baluchestan

EBRAHIM SABOKI

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 95-104

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12059

Abstract

Background and Objectives Ber (Ziziphus spp.) is one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to India and grows in tropical, subtropical and dry areas of the world. Growing of commercial ... Read More Background and Objectives Ber (Ziziphus spp.) is one of the most ancient fruits indigenous to India and grows in tropical, subtropical and dry areas of the world. Growing of commercial cultivars of ber is common in many countries. Some of such cultivars originated in India and Pakistan, have been cultivated in the south part of Baluchestan region since several years ago. However, there is very little information about adaptability and fruit quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these cultivars. Thus, conducting the present research was deemed necessary. The objectives of this research were to evaluate vegetaitive growth and fruit properties of six superior Ber cultivars in Baluchestan. Materials and methods In the first phase of the research (2006-2011), vegetative growth of six superior ber cultivars existing in Baluchestan were studied in a complete randomized block design, with four replications and three plants per replication at Tropical Fruits Research Station in Chabahar district. The cultivars were Behzadi, Farzadi, Hanifi, Soopi, Sibi Seyah and Sibi Sefid. One season after budding, vegetative growth, length of main branch, trunk diameter at lower part and upper part of budding were measured. Fruit morphological chractristics including fruit weight, length, diameter, fruit shape, seed weight and fruit pulp were evaluated at the harvest time. Statistical analysis was performed with MSTAT-C software and the means were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results The results showed that all these cultivars have good vegetative growth in this region and significant differences in vegetative growth indexes were observed between different cultivars. Maximum longitudinal growth of main branch during the growth season (200 cm), diameters of main branch at the lower part (38.8 mm) and at the upper part of budding position (38.1 mm) were observed on Hanifi ber cultivars. Although plants still did not reach economic bearing age, there was a significant difference among cultivars in some fruit characteristics including fruit weight, length, diameter and shape, stone weight and fruit pulp percentage. Discussion Based on the obtained results from the present study can be concluded that, all sex ber cultivars had good adaptibility in the Chabahar climate. Most fruit morphological chractristics of different ber cultivars in the current research, were in the range accomplished by previous studies. However, final recommendations will be achieved after the plants reach to the economic bearing age.

A comparison of various Substrates impact on yield and quality of Chrysanthemum ×morifolium cv. Puma in Hydroponic and Aquaponic systems

M. Alaei; H.R. Roosta; N. Mortazavi; H. Alaei

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 115-127

Abstract

Abstract With expansion of hydroponic culture, demand for subsrate materials also has increased and necessity for more study to find the best substrate according to the plant characteristics ... Read More Abstract With expansion of hydroponic culture, demand for subsrate materials also has increased and necessity for more study to find the best substrate according to the plant characteristics seems to be necessary. For this purpose, a study was carried out on chrysanthemum cv puma using a factorial design with two factors, first a different substrate (cocopeat: perlite, 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, 100:0) and second, a culture system (aquaponic and hydroponic) with compeletly randomized design and three replicates for 5 months. Results of ANOVA showed that the culture system and substrate form and their interaction has a significant (p<0.01) effect on chrysanthemum quantity and quality characteristics. According to the results of this study, in hydroponic system, vegetative growth characteristics of plants were higher compared to aquaponic. In substrate with 100% pelite, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots were the lowest, whereas plants in 25% perlite+75% cocopeat had the highest fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Thus, the substrate ratio of 25% perlite+75% cocopeat was the best substrate for vegetative growth. There was a significant difference between hydroponic and aquaponic in reproductive characteristics of plants e.g., flower number per plant, flower number on one shoot, flower bud number, quality index and length of king flower. Plants in hydroponic system had the highest flower in the substrate ratio of 50% perlite+50%cocopeat, although this increment in flower number caused the reduction of flowers quality compared to other cocopeat contained substrates, whereas, in aquaponic system the highest flower number of plants was observed in 100% perlite substrate. Generally, plants in the substrate with mixture of cocopeat and perlite especially in the higher ratios of cocopeat had the best growth which is related to good physical characteristics of perlite and good physicochemical characteristics of cocopeat especially higher water and nutrient maintenance of cocopeat.

The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Vegetative Characteristics of Ber tree (Ziziphus spina-christi ) Seedlings

N M; M GH; M S

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 81-88

Abstract

Application of gibberellic acid (GA3) increases the rate of vegetative growth of plants. This research was conducted to study the effect of gibberllic acid (0, 250, 500 and 750 mg l-1) ... Read More

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Keywords = Vegetative growth

Evaluation of pear seedlings Pyrus betulifolia for tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis

Abstract

Effect of Artificial (LEDs) and Natural Lighting on Quantitative and Qualitative Traits of Petunia, Geranium and Solenostemon Transplants

Abstract

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Vegetative and Physiological Characteristics of Superior Local Olive Genotypes (Olea europaea L.) in Pot Conditions

Abstract

Comparison of Vegetaitive Growth of Six Superior Ber Cultivars in Baluchestan

Abstract

A comparison of various Substrates impact on yield and quality of Chrysanthemum ×morifolium cv. Puma in Hydroponic and Aquaponic systems

Abstract

The Effect of Gibberellic Acid on Vegetative Characteristics of Ber tree (Ziziphus spina-christi ) Seedlings

Abstract