Plant Productions

Effect of biological stimuli on Some Biochemical Characteristics of Fennel Plant under Cadmium Stress

Seyedeh Yalda Raeisi Sadati; Fereshteh Raeisi Sadati; Mir Reza Raeisi Sadati

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 355-372

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46447.2152

Abstract

Introduction With the industrialization of societies in recent days, many toxic compounds have been released into the environment. Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is ... Read More Introduction With the industrialization of societies in recent days, many toxic compounds have been released into the environment. Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is one of the most important global factors of soil pollution that threatens food security. Medicinal plants are important economic plants and their products are widely consumed in the world and Iran. Since cadmium is known as the main element in causing various cancers, especially digestive cancer, it is necessary and important to investigate the effects of this toxic metal on the quantitative and qualitative properties of fennel. Using nano fertilizers in soil and nutrients can be a suitable solution to reduce the adverse effects of this heavy metal. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate some biochemical characteristics of fennel plant and the possibility of mitigating the effects of cadmium heavy metal stress by foliar spraying of selenium nanoparticles, algae extract and their interaction in greenhouse conditions in a factorial manner based on a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications in 2023-2024 was implemented. The first factor included the heavy metal cadmium chloride at two levels (control and 20 mg/kg of soil) and the second factor is foliar application at three levels (control, algal extract, and selenium nanoparticle with concentrations of 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L). Results The findings showed that under cadmium stress, the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, proline content and ion leakage percentage increased significantly, while the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased compared to the control. Also, the highest level of malondialdehyde concentration and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were observed in foliar spraying with algal extract under cadmium stress compared to the control. The synergistic effect of selenium nanoparticle and algal extract decreased ion leakage by 3.91% and increased proline and photosynthetic pigments by 16.73%, especially chlorophyll b by 33.11%. In other words, the adverse effects of cadmium stress have been reduced by strengthening the antioxidant and photosynthetic system of fennel plant by selenium nanoparticles and algae extract. Conclusions In general, foliar application of algal extract (concentration of 2 mg/L) due to the high content of macro and micro elements and antioxidant properties compared to selenium nanoparticles, has been able to inhibit free radicals by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and by reducing the electrolyte leakage, maintain the integrity of the membrane in the condition of cadmium stress.

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Cadmium Chloride on Oxidative Stress in Shoot Cultures of Lemon Balm

Sayyedeh Razieh Nourbakhsh Rezaei; Leila Shabani; Majid Rostami; Mohammad Abdoli

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 509-522

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.24806.1567

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plant is used in many fields. Although ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Melissa officinalis is a medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The essential oil of this plant is used in many fields. Although more than 100 types of chemical substances have been identified in this plant, the most important compositions of its essential oil include citral, citronella, geraniol and linalool. Heavy metals are one of the main causes of non-biotic stress for living organisms due to increased use in the field of industrial and agricultural development and its high accumulation and toxicity. Cadmium is an unnecessary heavy metal, which, due to its high mobility and low concentration, easily enters the food chain from the soil. Cadmium induces oxidative stress by stimulating the synthesis of free oxygen radicals in the plant. In this study, the effect of cadmium chloride on oxidative stress induction in lemon balm was investigated. This experiment was carried out in 2016-2017 at Shahrekord University. Materials and Methods This research was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in vitro condition. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 10, 20 and 40μm) on the biochemical parameters of the lemon balm. In this study, sterile stems of lemon balm propagated on the medium (1/2 MS) were used. After 60 days, seedlings were removed from solid MS medium and the roots were cut and cultured in liquid medium of 1/2 MS with different concentrations of cadmium. The cultivation was carried out in Erlenmeyer flask (250 cc) and was kept in an incubator shaker device. Sampling for the experiment was conducted one week after the growth of the stems in the medium. Results Based on the results obtained in this study, fresh weight of shoots grown in 10 and 20μM of cadmium chloride increased compared to the control. This heavy metal significantly reduced the amount of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, while the total chlorophyll content decreased only at 40μm concentration relative to control. Cadmium significantly increased hydrogen peroxide levels in all treatments. Also, it increased the activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. Malondialdehyde increased in all treatment concentrations, but this increase was not significant at 40μm of cadmium chloride. Chloride cadmium reduced the absorption of molybdenum and iron, yet increased the adsorption of manganese and zinc. Discussion The results of this study revealed that the cadmium chloride in lemon balm shoots may have the potential to accumulate compounds such as hydrogen peroxide which, as a messenger molecule, produces antioxidants and can help the plant tolerate stressed conditions. It seems that two concentrations of 10 and 20 μm of cadmium chloride have no toxic effects for the stems and the plant has managed to withstand this tension with defense mechanisms.

The effect of potassium on cadmium distribution and accumulation in differen t organs of durum wheat

S. Larki; A. Rahnama; A. Aynehband

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 79-92

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11455

Abstract

Understanding of the mechanisms affecting root uptake, transport and grain deposition of cadmium can successfully improve the success of breeding programs aiming to produce low cadmium ... Read More

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Keywords = Cadmium

Effect of biological stimuli on Some Biochemical Characteristics of Fennel Plant under Cadmium Stress

Abstract

The Effect of Different Concentrations of Cadmium Chloride on Oxidative Stress in Shoot Cultures of Lemon Balm

Abstract

The effect of potassium on cadmium distribution and accumulation in differen t organs of durum wheat

Abstract