Plant Productions

Study of yield and yield components of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under water deficit stress conditions with the application of zeolite and wood vinegar

Amirmohammad Abedi; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Ali Heidarzadeh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 August 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46482.2155

Abstract

Introduction: The agricultural sector bears the responsibility of ensuring food security through domestic production and natural resource conservation. Oilseeds are among the essential ... Read More Introduction: The agricultural sector bears the responsibility of ensuring food security through domestic production and natural resource conservation. Oilseeds are among the essential food items that require a significant amount of water. Introducing Camelina plant as a suitable alternative with characteristics compatible with unfavorable environmental conditions and low requirements for water and nutrients can serve as an effective solution for diversifying cultivation and meeting the country's oil needs. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to investigate the yield and yield components of Camelina under zeolite and wood vinegar application in water deficit stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in 2023 in a split-plot factorial design with three replications at the Agricultural Faculty Farm of Tarbiat Modares University. The factors examined included irrigation regimes at four levels: optimal irrigation, mild water stress, moderate water stress, and severe water stress, corresponding to 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent of available water capacity after depletion (absorption in the root zone or evaporation), followed by irrigation to field capacity. These regimes were studied in main plots, combined with two levels of zeolite application (no application and 8 tons per hectares) and four levels of wood vinegar application (0, 5000, 10000, 15000 ppm) in subplots in a factorial combination. Results and Discussion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of zeolite and foliar spraying of wood vinegar in optimal irrigation conditions can have significant improvements in all the measured traits. Also, in moderate and severe irrigation conditions, these effects become more significant. But it should be noted that in severe irrigation, no significant effects of zeolite were observed, while the use of wood vinegar with a concentration of 10,000 ppm can have significant improvements in some plant characteristics, such as grain yield and harvest index. Overall, these results show that the use of zeolite and wood vinegar can be used as effective methods in improving the performance of plants, especially in low water conditions. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of zeolite and foliar spraying of wood vinegar in optimal irrigation conditions can have significant improvements in all the measured traits. Also, in moderate and severe irrigation conditions, these effects become more significant. But it should be noted that in severe irrigation, no significant effects of zeolite were observed, while the use of wood vinegar with a concentration of 10,000 ppm can have significant improvements in some plant characteristics, such as grain yield and harvest index. Overall, these results show that the use of zeolite and wood vinegar can be used as effective methods in improving the performance of plants, especially in low water conditions. According to the results, it can be concluded that the use of zeolite and foliar spraying of wood vinegar in optimal irrigation conditions can have significant improvements in all the measured traits. Also, in moderate and severe irrigation conditions, these effects become more significant. But it should be noted that in severe irrigation, no significant effects of zeolite were observed, while the use of wood vinegar with a concentration of 10,000 ppm can have significant improvements in some plant characteristics, such as grain yield and harvest index. Overall, these results show that the use of zeolite and wood vinegar can be used as effective methods in improving the performance of plants, especially in low water conditions. Conclusion: For increasing seed yield and biological yield, moderate water stress along with zeolite application is recommended as the most cost-effective treatment. In severe water stress conditions, the application of wood vinegar foliar application at 10000 ppm concentration is recommended to enhance seed yield and biological yield.

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The effect of plant density on agronomic and physiological traits of different corn lines in the north of Khuzestan province

Gholamhosein Eslamnia; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Khalil Alami-Saeid; Ali akbar Saneinejad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47210.2179

Abstract

Fodder corn varieties are divided into three classes including: I. early varieties with a life period of less than 85 days, II. medium varieties with a life period between 85-135 days ... Read More Fodder corn varieties are divided into three classes including: I. early varieties with a life period of less than 85 days, II. medium varieties with a life period between 85-135 days and late varieties with a life period of more than 135 days. Optimum planting density is one of the important factors to achieve the highest yield according to the climatic conditions of each region and especially the cultivated cultivars..Commercial varieties of corn for cultivation in different regions of the world for the production of seeds and fodder include hybrid varieties that are supplied annually by seed production companies for planting in farmers' fields. Therefore, investigating the growth, performance and physiological adaptation characteristics of corn lines in different management and agricultural conditions can lead to the identification of optimal management of the desired lines for the production of corn hybrids. Therefore, in order to investigate the ecophysiological responses of different corn lines to the planting density in the north of Khuzestan, an experiment was conducted in the summer of 2018 and 2019 at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Training Center in Safiabad, Dezful, Khuzestan province. This research was conducted as a two-factor factorial experiment in the basic design of randomized complete blocks with three replications. In this experiment, plant density (60, 78 and 110 thousand plants per hectare) as the first factor in the main plots and genotypes (lines SD-95-11, C3-95-5, C3-95-15, C4-95-2, C4-95-3 and control line MO17) were investigated as the second factor in the sub-plots. The examined traits included leaf area index, leaf specific area, leaf chlorophyll, plant height, yield and yield components, harvest index, and biological yield. The results showed a significant difference between corn lines in response to plant density per unit area of the field. According to the comparison results, the highest seed yield was observed at a density of 110 thousand plants per hectare and line 103 (2115 kg per hectare) and the lowest seed yield was observed at a density of 60 thousand plants per hectare and line 119 (1030 kg per hectare). The results of the statistical analysis obtained from this research showed that the density of 110 thousand plants per hectare in most of the measured traits had the highest value of that trait and was the best planting density for the tested lines. Among the morphological traits affecting plant growth, specific leaf area showed a positive and significant correlation with biological performance and grain yield. Also, line number 103 was selected as the best line that can be used in the corn improvement program in hot and dry regions of the country. Achieving the appropriate density in corn lines can be very important for individuals or companies that are active in the field of seed production, because in this field pure maternal and paternal lines are used. On the other hand, among the 6 lines used, line number 103 was selected as the best line that can be used in the corn improvement program in hot and dry regions of the country.

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Investigation on Some Physiological Traits of Tritipyrum Lines in Response to Salinity Stress

Fatemeh Razeghi Jahromi; Mohammad Esmailpour; Hossein Shahsavand Hassani

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 409-420

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.41353.2047

Abstract

IntroductionSoil salinity is one of the largest global challenges especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. It adversely and severely affected agricultural production and consequently ... Read More IntroductionSoil salinity is one of the largest global challenges especially in the arid and semi-arid regions. It adversely and severely affected agricultural production and consequently food security. The new cereal, tritipyrum, is an artificial hexaploeid wheat (2n=6x=42, AABBEbEb) derived from crossing between Triticum durum (2n=4x=28, AABB) and Thinopyrum bessarabicum (2n=2x=14, EbEb) species that has good potential to be used as a seed or forage plant. The aim of present research was evaluating saline tolerance of new primary different tritipyrum lines through assessing some agronomical traits and ion distribution in plant under mild and severe salinity stress conditions. Materials and MethodsA split-plot hydroponic experiment based on completely randomized block design with two factors and three replications was carried out at Shahrekord University in 2020. The NaCl salinity stress was considered as the main factor with 3 levels (0, 100, 200 Mm) and the genotypes were considered as sub plots with 8 levels. Genotypes included three primary tritipyrum lines (Ka/b, La/b, St/b), three combined tritipyrum lines (i.e. F4, F5 and F6 generations of a combined (Ka/b) (Cr/b) lines), as well as one durum wheat (cv. Creso) and a promising triticale line (Ma45). Different salinity stress levels were imposed from three leaf stage till maturity via irrigating the plants by appropriate saline water. The leaf surface area, fertile florets per spike, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biological yield as well as concentration of Na+ and K+ and Ca++ ions in both root and aerial parts of genotypes were measured. Results and DiscussionThere were significant differences between genotypes in the case of all measured traits. Regardless of salinity levels, tritipyrum line (ka/b) (cr/b) (F6) had the highest amount of biological yield, grain yield, concentration of K+ and Ca++ and K+/Na+ ratio in shoot and the least amount of Na+ in shoot. With increase in salinity level from 0 to 200 mM, flag leaf area, number of fertile florets, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and amount of K+ and Ca++ in both root and shoot were significantly reduced in almost all genotypes and concentration of Na+ was increased. At 200 mM salinity, all of the three combined tritipyrum lines had significantly higher amount of biological yield and K+ concentration in shoot and less amount of Na+ in shoot than durum wheat and triticale. Shoot Na+ concentration had negative significant correlation with flag leaf area and 1000 grain weight. In the other hand, positive correlation was observed between shoot K+ concentration and flag leaf area, number of fertile florets, 1000 grain weight and grain yield. At 200 mM salinity, the highest and lowest shoot K+/Na+ ratio were observed in tritipyrum line F5 and durum wheat, respectively. On average, root sodium concentration in tritipyrum lines was higher than that of wheat and triticale while shoot sodium concentration in tritipyrum lines was less than that of the two other genotypes. ConclusionResults of our experiment suggest that hindrance in the transfer of Na+ from root to the aerial parts is probably one of the mechanisms that used by tritipyrum lines to cope with the high NaCl concentrations.

The Effect of Sugarcane Residue Compost on Growth and Grain Yield of Triticale under Drought Stress

Seyed Naser Safi; Ali Moshatati; Mohamad Hosein Gharineh; aydin khodaei joghan

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 253-266

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.36017.1961

Abstract

IntroductionTriticale is a commercial cereal with a vast potential to feed human and animal. This plant can be cultivated in poor soils that are not suitable for wheat production. In ... Read More IntroductionTriticale is a commercial cereal with a vast potential to feed human and animal. This plant can be cultivated in poor soils that are not suitable for wheat production. In irrigation cutoff stress conditions, reduces growth and yield and yield components of triticale. One of the most important ways to reduce the negative effect of drought stress on plant is using compost fertilizer in the soil. Using compost fertilizer in agricultural soils lead to increase nutrient elements and conserving the soil water. Generally, compost fertilizer of sugarcane residues, improves moisture storage and physical and chemical conditions of the soil. So that sugarcane residue compost fertilizer contributes to preserving the moisture storage of the soil and to supply the nutrients required by the plant. In this study, the most important aim is to study the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on triticale yield and yield components under irrigation cutoff stress condition in Mollasani region, Ahwaz, Kuzestan province. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of triticale under drought stress conditions, a field experiment using a split-plot arrangement accomplished in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan (in 31º N, 48º E, 35 Km north-east of Ahwaz, and 20 m above the sea level) during 2018-2019 growing season. Experimental factors include four levels of drought stress (complete irrigation, irrigation cutoff from spike emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation cutoff from pollination stage to physiological maturity and irrigation cutoff from milky-dough stage to physiological maturity) as a main factor in main plots and five amounts of sugarcane residues compost (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) as a sub factor in sub-plots. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress, sugarcane residue compost and their interaction on the measured traits were significant. Mean comparison showed that the maximum amount of triticale traits was obtained in full irrigation and the lowest amount was observed in drought stress from spike emergence to physiological maturity. Also, with increasing the amount of sugarcane residue compost, the amount of traits increased and reached a maximum at the level of 40 t ha-1. Mean comparison of grain yield under the interaction of drought stress and sugarcane residue compost showed that the highest grain yield (4288 kg ha-1) was under full irrigation and 40 t.ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost and the lowest grain yield (1134 kg ha-1) was obtained in drought stress from spike emergence to physiological maturity and non-use of sugarcane residue compost. In the conditions of drought stress caused by the interruption of irrigation, the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant is reduced, which causes a decrease in yield components and ultimately leads to a decrease in seed yield. On the other hand, the use of compost fertilizer reduces the effect of stress by preserving water and providing nutrients needed for plant growth and leads to an increase in seed yield. ConclusionGenerally, the results showed that drought stress conditions decreased growth, grain yield and yield components of triticale but using sugarcane residues compost fertilizer decreased the negative impact of drought stress conditions on measured traits. Also, in areas with irrigation shortage or lack of rainfall at the beginning of flowering stage, 40 tons per hectare of sugarcane residues compost fertilizer is recommended for maintaining grain yield.

Evaluation of Succeptibility of Some Phenological Stages of Wheat Genotypes in Response to Drought Stress

Ahmad Naderi; Mohammad Reza Eslahi

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 133-148

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.19143.1379

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Wheat is ihe most important crop in Khoozestan proviance. Under such a condition wheat experience drought stress in response to both low water ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Wheat is ihe most important crop in Khoozestan proviance. Under such a condition wheat experience drought stress in response to both low water resource limitaion and respiration. Detremination of tolerant trais, is one of the most important goals in wheat breeding programs under stress conditions. This research was carried-out to study the susceptibilty of some phenological stages of wheat genotypes based on grain yield and its components. Materials and Methods The research was conducted in split plot experiment using complete randomized block desgin with three replications, in 2010-11 and 2011-12 cropping seasons. The main plots included full irrgation as the check and irrigation withholding at tillering, stem elongation, heading and grain filling stages, and the sub plots consisted of four wheat genotypes. Days to some phenological stages, grain yield and yield components were measured. Planting seeds of each genotype was conducted based on 400 seeds per square meter in six planting lines with six meters in length and 20 cm spacing between lines. By monitoring the meteorological forecast, in case of probability of rainfall, for protection of the field from possible rain, a metal guard with 1.2m height and covered with transparent polyethylene was used. Results The effect of year was not significant for any of the studied traits. The effect of irrigation stress treatment on grain yield and its components was significant. Except for biological yield and number of grain per spike, the differences between genotypes were significant for all traits, and the interaction of irrigation × genotype treatment for all traits studied in this study was significant.Results indicated that grain yield in normal irrigation was 4919 Kg/ha and in irrigation withholding at tillering, stem elongation, heading and grain filling growth stages were 4109, 4442, 3988 and 4455 Kg/ha respectivley. Heading stage was evalated as the highest susceptible, for biological yield, grain yield, haevest index, grain per spike and grain per unit area with succeptibilty indices of 1.47, 1.39, 1.33, 4.80 and 1.75 respectivley. Discussion According to the results of this study, due to the more severe effect of drought stress on grain yield at spike emergence stage, irrigation is important at this stage. In the absence of irrigation at the mentioned stage, yield reduction will be higher than non-irrigation at other stages. Thus, based on succeptibilty index, compared to other stages, heading and grain filling stages were evaluated as the highest and lowest susceptible stages in response to water dificit respectivley.

Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield, Grain Yield Components and some Phonological Traits of Triticale Genotypes.

a Naderi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12060

Abstract

Background and Objectives Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the ... Read More Background and Objectives Triticale is a crop species resulting from a plant breeder's cross between wheat (Triticum) and rye (Secale). Plant breeders originally wanted to include the combination of grain quality, productivity, and disease resistance of wheat with the vigor and hardness of rye. Triticale is mainly introduced as a crop which is more adapted under low-potential condition than the wheat and other small cereals. Triticale could be used as a feed grain. As a feed grain, triticale is already well established and of high economic importance. The aim of a triticale breeding program is mainly focused on the improvement of quantitative traits, such as grain yield, nutritional quality and plant height, as well as traits which are more difficult to improve, such as earlier maturity and improved test weight. In order to study the relationship between grain yield and its related traits and to select high yielding lines of triticale, this research was carried-out in a low-potential condition. Material and Methods This research was conducted in Ahvaz Agricultural Research station during 2013-2014 cropping season, with 36 lines, using α-lattice design with two replications. Fertilizers were used based on soil test results. Each line was planted in six 6-meter rows with 0.2 meter spacing in Nov.8 and irrigation was done immediately. Days from germination to heading, physiological maturity and ripening stages, and grain yield and its components were determined. Genetic variation coefficient was calculated based on GC={[(Vg-Ve)/r]/M}×100, equation in which GC, Vg, Ve, r and M are genetic variation coefficient, phenotype variance, variance of error, replication and mean trait, respectively. Data were analyzed using MSTATC software. Results Results indicated that genotypes were significantly different for all traits. Ranges of days from germination to ear emergence and physiological maturity were 89-103 and 129-141 respectively. T he highest grain yield (4790 Kg.ha-1) and grain crop growth rate (14.1 g.m-2.day-1) was belonged to line No.29. The highest genetic variation coefficients were obtained from days from germination to ear emergence (43.6%) and biological yield (36.4%). Range of mean grain yield was 1898-4652 Kg/ha and lines No,:5, 8, 15, 17, 20, 22, 23, 26 and 29 with grain yields 4494, 3748, 3820, 3777, 3757, 3717, 4007, 3780 and 4651 Kg.ha-1 respectively, were selected for advanced trails. Discussions Regarding high similarity among grain yields with both grain growth rate (95%) and biological yield (86%) in cluster analysis and high genetic variation of the mentioned traits, the lines with both high biological yielding and grain growth rate were evaluated as the optimum genetic sources for breeding programs of triticale. Lines with both traits have capability to accumulate high amount of dry matter and to allocate a large proportion of this dry matter to grains.

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Keywords = Biological yield

Study of yield and yield components of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under water deficit stress conditions with the application of zeolite and wood vinegar

Abstract

The effect of plant density on agronomic and physiological traits of different corn lines in the north of Khuzestan province

Abstract

Investigation on Some Physiological Traits of Tritipyrum Lines in Response to Salinity Stress

Abstract

The Effect of Sugarcane Residue Compost on Growth and Grain Yield of Triticale under Drought Stress

Abstract

Evaluation of Succeptibility of Some Phenological Stages of Wheat Genotypes in Response to Drought Stress

Abstract

Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield, Grain Yield Components and some Phonological Traits of Triticale Genotypes.

Abstract