Plant Productions

The effect of synthesis nanosilver by plant extract on morphological and antioxidant properties of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under salinity stress

Hanieh Shahraki; Nafiseh Mahdi Nezhad; Barat Ali Fakheri

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 103-114

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.29011.1746

Abstract

Introduction:Salinity stress is one of the environmental factors limiting the growth of plantsand has a negative effect on their physiological processes. The harmful effects of salinity ... Read More Introduction:Salinity stress is one of the environmental factors limiting the growth of plantsand has a negative effect on their physiological processes. The harmful effects of salinity appear in plants in various ways such as death or reduction of production. Artichoke is a plant with lowdemand and resistance to salinity. The Artichoke is a perennial plant; the height of the stem is about 2 meters. Its leaves are wide, long and white in color. One of the pillars of sustainable agriculture is the use of nano fertilizersin crop ecosystems to remove or reduce the use of chemical input. Using nano fertilizers Compared to traditional fertilizerscan lead to benefits like efficiency and quality increase due to high absorption velocity, prevention of leaking waste, availability even during growth and complete absorption by plants because of appropriately fast nutrition release, reduction of plants toxicity and any other stress deriving from high concentration of local salty areas in soil, yield increase due to efficient nutrition condition of plants. Salinity stress disturbs nutritional balance in plants. Iron is one of the essential elements in plants. The balanced consumption of this element increases the yield and quality of plants.Using micronutrients through soil or sprayingimproves plant growth under stress conditions. Foliar application of elements, which prevents soil contamination, is a useful method for rapidly absorbing elements in plants.Material and methods:In order to investigate the effects of salinity and nanosilver on morphological and physiological traits of artichoke, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications in the greenhouse of Zabul University Institute. Salinity stress in 3 levels (0, 6, and 12 mM) and nanosilver spraying in 3 levels (0, 40, and 80 mM) were considered as treatments. The nanosilver spraying was performed at seedling stage (6-8 leaves).The control was distilled water. Application of salinity stress began in the seedling stage and continued until sampling. Sampling and evaluation of the fresh weight plant, and fresh and dry weight of root were done at the beginning of the flowering. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed by SAS software (version 9.1) based on all data. Then means of results were compared with LSD test at P < 0.05 level.Results and discussion:The main effects of salinity stress, nanosilver and their interaction on all traits were significant at 1% probability level. Maximum numbers of leaves (5 numbers), fresh weight of plant, fresh and dry weight of root (8.82, 5.93, 0.64 g per plant, respectively) and plant height were obtained by using nanosilver and lack of salinity.Conclusion:Nanosilver foliar application reduced the effects of salinity and increased the physiological and morphological characteristics of Artichoke.

The Effect of Lead on the Regeneration and the Metal Accumulation in Brassica Oleracea Var. Acephala by In Vitro Culture

Omid Sadeghi; Mina Taghizadeh; Mousa Solgi

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 265-278

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.24671.1560

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Among the major environmental pollutants, lead is the most substantial contaminant due to causing toxicity in plants and organisms. Recently, ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Among the major environmental pollutants, lead is the most substantial contaminant due to causing toxicity in plants and organisms. Recently, the remediation of these metals has been considered in plants. Plant in vitro culture is a key tool in phytoremediation research. In general, Plant tissue culture and in vitro selection techniques are used to increase the tolerance and the accumulation of heavy metals which have been reported in numerous plant species and populations. The application of ornamental plants for phytoremediation in metal-contaminated soil is a new alternative. Ornamental kale is an important bedding plant in many landscapes of cold temperate regions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the Pb resistance and remediation of Brassica OleraceaVar. Acephala affected by in vitro culture as a bedding plant. This experiment was carried out in 2016 at Arak University. Materials and Methods In this study, the stalk explants of Brassica OleraceaVar. Acephala was used for callus induction. Callus and plantlet were exposed to different concentrations of lead in the media. The Callus induction medium was MS (Murashige and Skoog) supplemented with 0.1 mgL-1 2,4-D and BA. The regeneration medium was MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mgL-1 NAA in combination with 1 mgL-1 BA. The rooting medium was half-strength MS medium without plant growth regulators and sucrose. All of the media containing 30 gL-1 sucrose, 7 gL-1 agar, and pH were adjusted to 5.8. All of the regeneration stages from callus induction to rooting and the acclimatization stages were done by different concentration of Pb(NO3)2 (0, 10, 25, and 50 mgL-1). The traits, such as callus browning, fresh and dry weight, callus formation, survival rate, root and shoot length, leaf number, and the lead accumulation, were evaluated during various stages of callus regeneration and rooting in plantlets. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) arrangement with three replications was used in this experiment. Data were analyzed using the ANOVA procedure of SAS statistical software (version 9.2). Results Based on the results, not only did different concentrations of lead not have the toxic effects but also they had a stimulation effect in some concentrations on callus growth and regeneration. Lead concentrations increased leaf number and length of shoots in the regenerated ornamental kale. Lead accumulation in cultures was increased by increasing the concentration of lead in the medium at all stages of the regeneration. The highest accumulation of Pb was obtained 2395.7 ppb in callus treated by 25 mg L-1 Pb in media. Discussion The results of the present study showed the occurrence probability of the somaclonal variation due to 2,4-D supplemented in the media. In the regenerated plant, results revealed that the growth traits and Pb uptake were affected by Pb concentrations. Some in vitro derived plantlets showed an increase in uptake potential of lead in their organs (6.1 to 2.7 times compared to the control) and that it is remarkable and suitable for phytoremediation studies.

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

A. Rezai; H. Balouchi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; I. Adhami

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 69-82

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13551

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from the adverse effects to exposure of heavy metals. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different priming on seed germination indices of sorghum under Cadmium chloride and nitrate stress condition in laboratory. Materials and Methods The germination experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor was heavy metal treatments including 7 levels of cadmium chloride and nitrate, each in four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM) and the second factor included 9 levels: gibberellic acid priming at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/l, salicylic acid in two levels 0.3 and 0.6 mM, potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1 and 2% and concentrations of -3 and -6 bar of PEG and non-priming. Results The results of the germination experiment showed that the highest and lowest seed germination rates and percentage were obtained in 200 mM of cadmium nitrate and 600 mM of cadmium nitrate and chloride treatment, respectively, while 0.3 and 0.6 mM of salicylic acid application increased the germination rate. The highest and lowest length and weight vigor index were observed in 0 mM cadmium and 600 mM of cadmium chloride respectively, that 800 mg/l of gibberellic acid application leads to increasing the vigor index. Catalase activity in seed sorghum was increased by increasing of cadmium concentrations but decreased by using different priming. Discussion In relation to the slow germination under stress cadmium cell membrane, probably one of the important points is that the severely damaged cells leak out and vigor will be reduced. Priming with the reconstruction of damaged cells, reduces barriers to the growth of the fetus, increases the quality and quantity of protein synthesis, and increases tolerance to environmental stresses. Cadmium also reacts to sulfhydryl groups in the structure of enzymes and proteins. Plant water relations and gas exchange pores have a negative effect on processes of respiration and photosynthesis and increase production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells causes. Active oxygen species due to the desire for high electron affinity, and the basic biomolecules such as lipids, cells, proteins and nucleic acids can cause damage.

Effect of zeolite on root dry matter and yield parameters of wheat in polluted soil by chemical weapons

A. Azogh; S.K.i Marashi; T. Babaeinejad

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 21-30

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13444

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Nowadays, regarding the adverse effect of war and use of military weapons in the environment and also its limitations against cereal cultivation and population growth, the use of lands affected by military weapons in order to produce foods for human is a critical necessity. One of the most effective factors on wheat yield management is the application of zeolite as a source of manure and monitoring heavy metal concentrations affected by this mineral. The best option is to use zeolites as inorganic fertilizers and also for monitoring polluted by the mineral elements. So, studying the effect of zeolite on yield characteristics of wheat in polluted soil with chemical weapons seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications where the treatments were polluted and non-polluted soil samples and four amounts of zeolite (0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5 % w/w). Results The results showed that the effect of zeolite on root dry matter was significant in polluted and non-polluted soils. The most amount of applied zeolite led to increasing dry matter to 11.11 g/pot in polluted soil and 6.93 g/pot in non-polluted soil. Also, the effect of zeolite on 1000-grain weight in polluted and non-polluted soils was significant. The maximum 1000-grain weight was observed in 2.5 % zeolite in polluted soil and the minimum was observed in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil. Effect of zeolite treatment on number of grains per spikelet and number of spikelet per spike was not significant in non-polluted soil. Results of this experiment showed that the effect of zoelite on grain yield in polluted and non-polluted soil was significant. The maximum grain yield was observed in 2.5% zeolite treatment with 63.2 g/pot and the minimum was obtained in non-used zeolite treatment in non-polluted soil with 8.8 g/pot. Discussion In general, the zeolite has a significant effect on agronomic traits and yield of wheat. That was due to favorable physical and chemical properties, such as porosity, air permeability, cation exchange capacity, enhancing the long-term availability of nutrients and trapping heavy metals of bombs and weapons and reducing the negative impact of these elements in the soil, which lead to plant health.

Articles in Press

Current Issue

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Heavy metals

The effect of synthesis nanosilver by plant extract on morphological and antioxidant properties of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) under salinity stress

Abstract

The Effect of Lead on the Regeneration and the Metal Accumulation in Brassica Oleracea Var. Acephala by In Vitro Culture

Abstract

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

Abstract

Effect of zeolite on root dry matter and yield parameters of wheat in polluted soil by chemical weapons

Abstract