Plant Productions

The effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya)

mohammad kazemi; Elham Danaee

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 January 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44549.2118

Abstract

IntroductionPapaya (Carica papaya) is a tropical fruit that leaves, fruits, seeds and roots has many medicinal and edible uses. Choosing the appropriate planting medium is one of the ... Read More IntroductionPapaya (Carica papaya) is a tropical fruit that leaves, fruits, seeds and roots has many medicinal and edible uses. Choosing the appropriate planting medium is one of the important goals in improving seedling growth of fruit trees, because by improving the physical and chemical properties, it causes better absorption of nutrients and improves plant growth. Also, performing aerial root pruning to produce seedlings with branched and strong root systems is one of the effective factors in growing plants.Materials and methodsTo study the effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya), an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized statistical design with three replications and two factors of planting media (cocopeat 100% , peat mass 100% , and cocopeat 70% + perlite 30% , peat moss 70% + perlite 30%) and performing or not performing aerial root pruning was implemented in the greenhouse. The seeds were sown in October in the culture trays containing the desired planting beds, and horizontal cuts were made in the walls of the culture tray cavities to perform aerial pruning of the roots in the desired treatments. Sampling was done 50 days after planting the seeds and some morphologic, physiologic and biochemical traits include fresh and dry weight of seedlings, root length, seedling height, internode length, node number, leaf area, total chlorophyll, peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were analyzed.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the treatments had a significant effect on the assessed traits so that the highest fresh and dry weight of seedlings (1.69 - 0.66 g), root length (17.66 cm), seedling height (7.92 cm), internode length (8.61 mm) and node number (4.67) were observed in 70% peat moss + 30% perlite and no aerial root pruning. The maximum leaf area (9.14 cm3) and total chlorophyll (1.69 mg g-1 FW) content were obtained in the 100% peat moss planting bed treatment and no aerial root pruning and the 70% peat moss + 30 % perlite treatment and root aerial pruning. The highest activity of peroxidase (37.60 U enzyme-1 FW), catalase (7.60 U enzyme-1 FW) and superoxide dismutase (16.08 U enzyme-1 FW) enzymes was also in 100 % peat moss treatment and root aerial pruning. ConclusionIn general, the results of this research showed that the combination of two organic and inorganic substrates, peat mass 70% and perlite 30%, showed the best effect on vegetative characteristics and total chlorophyll content in papaya. Also, the highest activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes was observed in 100% peat moss bed. Root aerial pruning also decreased the evaluated growth characteristics and increased the total chlorophyll content and activity of peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes. According to the results, Different culture media have different physical and chemical characteristics that can affect plant growth, in this research it is recommended to papaya seeds in 70% peat moss and 30% perlite and not to perform aerial root pruning to produce this product.

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Antioxidative and pigment response of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) to Zinc oxide and Cerium dioxide nano elicitors

Hadiseh Sadeghi; Jafar Ahmadi; Farhad Habibzadeh; Sedigheh Fabriki Ourang

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44522.2119

Abstract

Introduction Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is a perennial and woody shrub that grows in different regions of Iran and the world. The Berberidaceae family has a high potential ... Read More Introduction Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) is a perennial and woody shrub that grows in different regions of Iran and the world. The Berberidaceae family has a high potential in food and pharmaceutical industries due to its antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Elicitors are biotic or abiotic stimulators can induce responses in plants. Abiotic elicitors are used to increase secondary metabolites in plants. Nanoparticles have minimum dimensions between one and 100 nanometers, which have specific physical and chemical properties. Like many nanoparticles, zinc oxide and cerium dioxide nanoparticles are toxic to living organisms. The mechanism of toxicity of nanoparticles is generally caused by the induction of oxidative stress caused by the formation of free radicals. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide and cerium dioxide can increase the antioxidant capacity of plants by stimulating oxidative stress. Material and methods In order to study the changes in the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Japanese barberry under the influence of abiotic elicitors, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design in the greenhouse and laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Imam Khomeini International University in 2019. Treatments including zinc oxide elicitors (0.1 g/L) and cerium dioxide nanoparticles (0.0002 g/L) and control (no elicitor) were investigated in three replicates. In this research, the amounts of protein, antioxidant enzymes and photosynthetic pigments in tissues of Japanese barberry were extracted and measured. Data analysis was done with SAS 9.1.3 statistical software. Comparison of means was done with Duncan's multiple range test and graphs were drawn using Excel software. Results and Discussion The results of the data analysis of variance showed that the effect of treatment with cerium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticle elicitors on the amount of leaf protein, antioxidant activity and also the amount of photosynthetic pigments was significant. Comparison of the means showed that these two elicitors increased the leaf protein content by 26.2% and 12.4%, respectively, compared to the control, but they did not have a significant effect on the root protein content. Cerium dioxide decreased the activity of guaiacol peroxidase enzyme by 77.1% in the root; But in leaves, the activity of this enzyme increased by 134.8% due to treatment with zinc oxide. The highest activity of leaf superoxide dismutase enzyme (25.2% increase compared to control) was related to zinc oxide treatment. The lowest content of catalase enzyme in leaves and roots was obtained with cerium dioxide and zinc oxide. Zinc oxide increased the activity of leaf ascorbate peroxidase enzyme by 111.8%; In the root, the highest and lowest activity levels of this enzyme were obtained from the control and cerium dioxide treatments, respectively. Both elicitors significantly increased the leaf peroxidase enzyme activity compared to the control (128.6% and 157.1%, respectively); However, only the treatment with zinc oxide caused a significant increase of 25.5% in the activity of this enzyme in the root. The highest activity of glutathione reductase enzyme in leaf and root was observed in zinc oxide treatment (23.3% and 12.5% increase compared to control). Nano zinc oxide increased the amount of total chlorophyll and carotenoid in the leaves compared to the control by 93.4 and 67.5%, respectively. Conclusion It was concluded that zinc oxide nanoparticles elicitor had the greatest effect in increasing the amount of photosynthetic pigments and enzyme activity. By using this elicitor in Japanese barberry culture, the amount of antioxidant enzymes can be increased and the extract can be used as a strong antioxidant in pharmaceutical products.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on the Storage Life and Some Quality Traits of Thomson Navel Orange

Amirali Mohammadi; Mehrdad Shahabian; Mahmoud Reza Ramezanpour; Shokrollah Hajivand

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 181-192

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.35965.1959

Abstract

IntroductionOranges belong to the Citrus (family Rutaceae) and are an important source of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and vitamin C. These compounds have a protective ... Read More IntroductionOranges belong to the Citrus (family Rutaceae) and are an important source of antioxidants, including phenolic compounds and vitamin C. These compounds have a protective effect against various diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular. Since there is a possibility of decay and rot of Citrus in all stages of harvest and post-harvest, the use of mineral elements may have an important effect on increasing the quality of the fruit and its shelf life. This effect varies depending on the species and cultivar of Citrus. Mineral elements, especially potassium and calcium, affect fruit growth and Citrus fruit quality. Materials and MethodsTo investigate the effect of spraying, a research was conducted in Qaemshahr city in 2019, which in this study, manual foliar application of calcium nitrate (0, 2 and 4 g / l) and potassium phosphite (0, 1.5 and 3 g / l) was done in the late October in three stages with a week interval. Then, one week after the last treatment, the harvesting operation was performed with garden shears. After washing, the fruits were kept in normal temperature for 3 months. Various parameters such as morphology (percentage of weight loss, firmness, percentage of decay, etc.), biochemical (total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and acidity of fruit juice (pH)), antioxidant (percentage of inhibition and vitamin C), enzyme (ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) and marketability traits were evaluated. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the application of higher concentrations of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite improved the measured traits at harvest day. The use of these materials has also increased the shelf life and quality of the fruit during storage. Fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite had more antioxidant properties on the day of harvest. The highest amount of vitamin C and inhibition percentage were observed in the treatment of 4 g / l calcium nitrate and 3 g / l potassium phosphite at harvest day. Treated fruits were more firm and less rotten during storage than control ones. Also, the treated fruits had more soluble solids and titratable acidity. Also, during storage, the quality of the fruit and its marketability decreased, but fruits treated with calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite received higher scores from the evaluators. The use of calcium increases the strength of the membrane and reduces the activity of enzymes that relax the cell wall, which therefore increases the firmness of the fruit and reduces the weight loss and rot of fruits during storage. The use of potassium phosphite has also been effective in reducing caries. Calcium along with potassium play a role in photosynthesis and cause the accumulation of sugars. Vitamin C is associated with a decrease during storage, due to the use of ascorbic acid as an ascorbate peroxidase cofactor. Finally, it seems that the marketability of the fruit has increased due to the increase of quality traits such as sugars, due to the use of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite. ConclusionThe storage of Thomson Novel oranges was affected by the treatments used, and the highest firmness, weight and quality characteristics of the fruit were obtained in the highest amount of calcium nitrate and potassium phosphite. Also, the rate of caries has decreased significantly with the use of these treatments.

Effect of Foliar Spray with Ascorbic acid on Some Qualitative Characteristics and Improving Color of Apple Fruit (Malus domestica cv. Red Spur)

Alireza Farokhzad; m Asghari

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 113-125

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12062

Abstract

Background and Objectives Low quality of fruits is one of the most important problems in marketing of apple fruits. Recently the use of organic compounds such as ascorbic acid in order ... Read More

Effects of Calcium Nitrate on Nitrate Reductase Activity, Amino Acids, Nitrate and Ion Accumulation of Pistacia Vera L., Badami Zarand, Under Sodium Chloride Stress

S. Nasseri Khollari; M. Heydari; S. Jafari; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 35-48

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11833

Abstract

Nitrogen is considered as an essential nutrient for plants and could be taken up in large amounts by plants. Nitrogen fertilizers are known to have beneficial effects when added to ... Read More

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Some Iranian Land Races of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

S. Esfandiyari Bayat; S.A. Eftekhari; M. Heidari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reductase activity, nitrate content and vegetative growth (based on shoot and root dry ... Read More

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Keywords = Enzyme

The effect of different culture media and aerial root pruning on the growth of Papaya (Carica papaya)

Abstract

Antioxidative and pigment response of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) to Zinc oxide and Cerium dioxide nano elicitors

Abstract

Evaluation of the Effects of Calcium Nitrate and Potassium Phosphite on the Storage Life and Some Quality Traits of Thomson Navel Orange

Abstract

Effect of Foliar Spray with Ascorbic acid on Some Qualitative Characteristics and Improving Color of Apple Fruit (Malus domestica cv. Red Spur)

Abstract

Effects of Calcium Nitrate on Nitrate Reductase Activity, Amino Acids, Nitrate and Ion Accumulation of Pistacia Vera L., Badami Zarand, Under Sodium Chloride Stress

Abstract

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Some Iranian Land Races of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Abstract