Plant Productions

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Mitra Razi; Reza Darvishzadeh; Hamed Doulati Baneh; Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri; Pedro Martinez-Gomez

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 515-530

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.34003.1925

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties ... Read More AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties with good quality, desirable taste and larger berries with various colors, it is necessary to estimate the breeding value of the desired traits. In this study, breeding values of fourteen characters in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) pediction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the breeding value of the grape cultivars and to identify the superior cultivars. The results of this study can be of great help to breeders in selecting cultivars with favorable market traits and cultivars with better yield. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 45 grape cultivars in the collection of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan Province were used. From each of the cultivars in the first year of research, ten 14-year-old plants were selected and TSS, pH, TA, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set in open and under controlled pollination were investigated. The characteristics were measured for three consecutive years. Results and DiscussionBased on the results, considering the sum of the breeding values of all the studied traits, Agh Shani, Taifi, Qzl Ouzum, Lal Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez and Qara Shani cultivars had the highest rank. Among the studied seedless cultivars, Rejin cultivar had the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight, and Keshmeshi Sefid cultivar in terms of seed number. Among the seeded cultivars, Shirazi cultivar showed the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight and Qara Shani cultivar in terms of seed number. Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez, Keshmeshi Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Agh Shani and shirazi had positive breeding value for pollen germination, fruit set in open pollination and fruit set under controlled pollination. Sarghola, Gazandaii and Qzl Ouzum cultivars had the high and positive breeding value for berry weight and fresh weight. Lal Qermez, Rishbaba Qermez and Tabarze Qermez cultivars had high and positive breeding value for cluster weight, cluster width and cluster weight. Genotypes with the highest breeding value had the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring. Therefore, they can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in crop breeding programs. ConclusionIn this study, breeding values of fourteen characters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, fruit set in open pollination, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set under controlled pollination in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) prediction. Studied cultivars showed different breeding values for the studied traits. Genotypes with the highest breeding value can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in grape breeding programs as these genotypes have the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring.

Reduction of the impact of dust on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white seedless grape variety by washing with d-octil

M. Behrouzi; H. Nouri; S. Bazgeer; M.A. Nejatian; D. Akhzari

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 113-125

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.13124

Abstract

Extended AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAtmospheric dust is one of the pollutants that is considered the biggest environmental problems in different parts of the world. Dust can affect, ... Read More Extended AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAtmospheric dust is one of the pollutants that is considered the biggest environmental problems in different parts of the world. Dust can affect, either directly or indirectly, both plants and crops. The direct impact is on critical activities such as plant photosynthesis, evapotranspiration, stomata conductance, pigments, leaf temperature and breathing. The indirect effect may be influenced on reduction of the fruit quality and yield. This study aims at investigating the adverse effects of dust on grape vineyard in Malayer, Hamedan Province, Iran.Materials and methodsThe Experiment was conducted in randomized completely block design for evaluation of the effects of dust on White Seedless Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Grape Research Institute, Malayer, on 27 vines during 2014-2015 year. the first treatment was dust (9 plants) that soil samples were collected from Khuzestan province and after preparation was applied on the plant in four growth stages using mechanical devices; the second treatment, solution treatment that dusts were washed with water and di octyl; the third one was control (9 plants) treatment. Chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, vegetative traits such as length of cane, length of leaf, leaf area, length of peduncle, internodes and reproductive traits such as fruit set, number of berry and number of bunch, length of bunch, number of berries in bunch, weight of berry and brix of berry were measured. ResultsThe results revealed that leaf pigments reduction was caused due to deposition of dust on leaf surface and differences between treatments was significant at the 5% probablity level. The vegetative traits viz. length of peduncle, internodes and leaf area were small in dust treatment and the difference between treatments was significant. Length of cane in the second stage was significant and longest canes were in the solution treatment. Fruit set, number of berries and number of bunch were reduced in dust treatment and a significant difference was observed between treatments. In addition, control and solution treatments were in one class. Moreover, sugar in a single grape was decreased up to 7 % in dust treatment as compared to other ones. DiscussionDust treatment had more effect on b chlorophyll in the first, the third and the fourth growth stages of grape as compared to a chlorophyll and Carotenoid. In addition, the difference among means was significant at 5 % level. The previous studies showed that the leaf dust accumulation decreased pigment content of plant )Kumar Rai and panda, 2014(. Leghari et al., 2013 confirmed that roadside plant could be damaged by dust and had shorter length of cane. The rate of fruit set in control, dust and solution treatments were 36%, 21% and 33%, respectively. Moreover, the percentage of brix in control, dust and solution treatments, were 20%, 7% and 15%, respectively. The researches revealed that dust could reduce photosynthesis and consequently the amount of brix in grapes (Chaurasia et al., 2013) which were in agreement with our study.

Evaluative Effects of Brassinosteroid on Reduction of Harmful Effect of Chilling in Fruit Grape (Vitis vinifera L. Rishbaba) During Storage

BAHAREH GHORBANI; zahra pakkish

Volume 39, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 65-78

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12528

Abstract

Background and Objectives Grapes are generally grown in different regions of Iran. Quality of table grapes is usually considered as a combination of appearance and flavor during shelf-life. ... Read More Background and Objectives Grapes are generally grown in different regions of Iran. Quality of table grapes is usually considered as a combination of appearance and flavor during shelf-life. Brassinosteroids are considered to be a class of plant polyhydroxysteroids and have been recognized as a new kind of phytohormones that play an essential role in plant development. Researchers studied the brassinosteroids levels in cucumber through a chemical genetics approach and found that BR levels were positively correlated with the tolerance to cold stresses. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of BR on chilling d, lipid peroxidation content, and the induction of antioxidant enzymes, such as ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutasein “Rish Baba” grape fruit during storage at 0-1 °C. Materials and methods Grape fruits were harvested and transported to the laboratory on the same day. The harvested fruits were washed, and dried in air. Grape fruits were treated with 0 (control), 0.75 and 1.5 milligram per liter brassinosteroid for 5 min and then stored at 0-1°C, 85-90 % relative humidity for 6 weeks. Characteristics such as chilling injury, ion leakage, lipid peroxidation, and activity of antioxidant enzymes were evaluated. Results Results showed that brassinosteroid significantly reduced the chilling injury, ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide, in treated fruits, compared to control. According to these results, pH and ascorbic acid of treated and controlled fruits increased during storage while titratable acidity of fruits decreased. As for brassinosteroid treatment, the pattern of mentioned changes reduced lower than control. So, the activity of antioxidant enzymes of fruits treated with brassinosteroid highly increased compared to control during storage. Fruits treated with 1.5 mgL-1 brassinosteroid showed the best effect with lowest chilling injury. Discussion In the present study, the plant hormone BR was applied and the results indicated that BR significantly reduces CI of grape fruits during storage at 0-1 °C. Our finding was consistent with previous reports that exogenous application of BR is effective in protecting seedlings of rice, maize and cucumber against cold stress. CI occurrence is often accompanied by oxidative damage, which can be followed through lipid peroxidation content, since it is a final product of lipid peroxidation. In this study, there was a continuous increase in fresh tissue lipid peroxidation content in all fruits, but the application of BR significantly delayed the increase of lipid peroxidation. Moreover, the change in membrane permeability showed trends similar to lipid peroxidation content; that is, fresh tissue H2O2 content increased with storage duration, but BR markedly delayed the increase. BR has been considered to be involved in a network of interacting signal transduction pathways, which regulate defense responses to abiotic stress. When horticultural crops are exposed to severe abiotic stresses, including cold stress, large amounts of intracellular ROS are generated. The detoxification of ROS is dependent on antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase. The increase in these enzymes’ activity contributes to the adaptation of plants to cold stress and ameliorates oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content.

Effect of pre harvest ethephon spray on color and some quality attributes of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bidane- Ghermez)

. Ebrahimi; R. Jalili Marandi; H. Dolati Baneh; M. Esmaiili; R. Hagitagilo

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 11-25

Abstract

Grape is non-climacteric fruit and as a result, the quality of fruit does not change after harvest. Application of ethephon in recent years is known as an effective way to increase ... Read More

Effect of benzyladenine and indole acetic acid on embryo rescue of Askari × Ruby Seedless hybrid grape cultivar

M R; R G; B H; H D; M G; R H

Volume 36, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 69-79

Abstract

Consumers all over the world increasingly prefer seedless table grapes. Hence grape breeding programmes have been aimed at developing new seedless varieties having better fruit quality, ... Read More

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Keywords = Grape

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Abstract

Reduction of the impact of dust on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white seedless grape variety by washing with d-octil

Abstract

Evaluative Effects of Brassinosteroid on Reduction of Harmful Effect of Chilling in Fruit Grape (Vitis vinifera L. Rishbaba) During Storage

Abstract

Effect of pre harvest ethephon spray on color and some quality attributes of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Bidane- Ghermez)

Abstract

Effect of benzyladenine and indole acetic acid on embryo rescue of Askari × Ruby Seedless hybrid grape cultivar

Abstract