Plant Productions - Articles List

Microtuberization Efficiency of Three Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars under Osmotic Stress in vitro

Banafsheh Jamshidi; Marzieh Ghanbari Jahromi; Amir Mousavi

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 109-122

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30032.1782

Abstract

IntroductionPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. It is vegetatively propagated using pieces or whole potato tubers, but a virus infection causes ... Read More IntroductionPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. It is vegetatively propagated using pieces or whole potato tubers, but a virus infection causes crop reduction to almost a half or even one third, which varies from place to place and from season to another. Micropropagation is the practice of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants, using modern plant tissue culture methods. Microtuberization in potato needs the right interaction between several factors such as cyto, sucrose and osmotic stress. The purpose of present study was to investigate microtuberization efficiency of three potato cultivars under osmotic stress and in vitro conditions. Materials and MethodsThis experiment was carried out based on completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Potato seeds of three cultivars (Agria, Savalan and HPS-II/67) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. After proliferation, plantlets were transferred to the media containing nine treatments with polyethylene glycol hydrogel (PEG) at four levels (0.003, 0.006, 0.009, 0.012 M), sorbitol at four levels (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 M). For this purpose, potato quality, microtuberization percentage, proline concentration, chlorophyll content, and Catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that plantlets grown under non-stressed conditions (control) possessed higher rates of leaf number, new shoot length and proliferation index compared to the under stressed conditions. Agria cultivar presented better growth characteristics under stressed conditions compared to other experimental cultivars. The highest potato destruction was observed at 0.012 M PEG in Savalan cultivar followed by 0.4 M sorbitol in all cultivars. Microtuberization percentage increased in all three cultivars by stress conditions, in which it increased with progressing in stress levels. The greatest percentage of microtuberization was obtained from Agria cultivar at 0.003 M PEG. Compared to the control, proline concentration, and also CAT and SOD activities increased under stress conditions. Moreover, total chlorophyll content decreased under the stress conditions in comparison to the control. Generally, based on the results, maximum rates of microtuberization and viability were observed in Agria followed by HPS-II/67, and the highest microtuber weight was obtained in HPS-II/67 cultivar. When plants are faced to stress conditions like osmotic stress, free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) increases. On the other hand, plants use different strategies to scavenge the generated ROS. The reduction of chlorophyll content and increases of antioxidant enzyme activities are due to increase of ROS under osmotic stress conditions. ConclusionAt slight stress conditions, potato plants utilize the strategy to generate more tuber. Therefore, the lower concentrations of PEG can be introduced as a stimulator of microtuber.

Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Reaction of Strawberry to Drought Stress and Dust

Farzad Marivani; Nasser Ghaderi; Taimoor Javadi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 535-550

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26308.1618

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In recent years, dust has been identified as a major source of adverse environmental and agricultural effects in west and southwest of Iran. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In recent years, dust has been identified as a major source of adverse environmental and agricultural effects in west and southwest of Iran. Reducing light penetration, decreasing photosynthesis, changing stomatal performance, and reducing flowering are some of the adverse effects of air pollution on plants. Strawberries have a shallow root system, high leaf area, and are sensetive to drought stress. Kurdistan province is the major producer of strawberries in Iran. Since in Kurdistan dust occurs mostly in the spring and during the strawberry flowering and fruit production, we investigated the interaction effect of dust and drought stress on some physiological characteristics of two strawberry cultivars (cvs. Paros and Queen elisa) during 2013-2014. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with four treatments (control, -1.2 MPa soil water potential as drought stress, dust and dust + drought stress) and three replications. In this experiment, leaf relative water content, membrane stability index, proline, soluble carbohydrates, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase activity were evaluated. Results Results showed that relative water content and membrane stability index decreased in response to dust and drought in both cultivars. Also, the amount of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and activity of antioxidant enzymes increased by dust and drought treatments. Most increase was obsereved in the proline and total soluble carbohydrates, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was obtained by dust + drought stress. Drought stress + dust had the highest levels of POD and APX. There was a significant difference between the two cultivars, so that Paros cultivar had higher activity of POD and APX compared to queen elisa. Dust and drought treatments reduced shoot and root dry weigth in both years and both cultivars. Discussion Probably due to the stress caused by dust, the total leaf soluble sugars increased in the first year. In this condition, the plant can continue to absorb water from the soil by increasing the soluble carbohydrates through osmotic regulation. In the second year, the long-term reduction in photosynthesis led to a reduction in total soluble carbohydrates, due to prolonged exposure to dust or damage to light absorption pigments resulting from dust accumulation and its negative effects on stomatal function. Dust and drought stress decreased relative water content (RWC) through decreasing water absorption by the strawberry plants, and the decrease of water led to the increase of H2O2. With the increase of H2O2 in dust and drought stress, membrane lipid degradation increased and led to the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA). The increase of MDA indicates cell wall destruction, which is accompanied by the decrease of memberan stability index MSI). MDA increased in all treatments in Queen Eliza cultivar, which could indicate the higher sensitivity of this cultivar to dust and drought stress. In this study, Paros showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity accompanied with lower H2O2 content and consequently a lower MDA, thus, more resistance to drought and drought stress. In conclusion, dust had negative effects on evaluated characteristics, and drought stress exacerbated these effects. Adverse effects of dust and drought were observed on dry matter production in both years. Reducing the dry matter of the roots and the shoot might be due to increased free radicals, reduced leaf water content and, consequently, loss of photosynthesis of the leaf.

The Effect of Drought Stress on Some Vegetative and Physiological Characteristics of Superior Local Olive Genotypes (Olea europaea L.) in Pot Conditions

Rahmatollah Gholami; Hojatollah Gholami

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22497.1483

Abstract

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean area, so understanding the mechanisms ... Read More Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean area, so understanding the mechanisms by which olive plants face drought stress under environmental conditions is essential for the improvement of olive yield and oil quality. Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses that affect plant growth and development negatively. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological characteristics of some superior local olive genotypes in pot condition was conducted in Dallaho Olive Research Station (geographical characters was longitude of 45˚, 51΄ E and latitude of 34˚, 30΄ N and the height of sea level 581m) located in Kermanshah province. In order to select drought resistant or tolerant local olive genotypes an experiment in pot conditions was conducted. Seven olive genotypes (D1, Dd1, GW, Ps1, Bn3, Bn6 and Ds17) used as plant materials. Pot experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications and two factors (irrigation regimes and genotypes) was conducted in 2015. Irrigation Ttreatment were including of 100% (control), 80%, 60% and 50% of evapotranspiration respectively. Some vegetative characteristics such as plant height, trunk diameter, leaf number, leaf, shoot, and root fresh and dry weight were recorded. Collected data were analyzed with MSTATC program. Obtained results showed that Bn3 genotype had the highest height and D1 had the lowest height. Bn3 genotype had the highest number of leaf and D1 had the lowest but D1, Dd1 and Gw were in a statistic class. Genotypes showed significant differences in leaf fresh and dry weight so that Bn3 genotype had the highest leaf fresh and dry weight and D1 had the lowest. Genotypes indicated significant differences in pot in shoot and root fresh and dry weight so that Ds17 genotype had the lowest shoot fresh and dry weight and Gw had the lowest root fresh and dry weight. and Bn6 had the lowest root dry weight/ shoot dry weight ratio. irrigation treatments significant differences in recorded vegetative and physiological characteristics so that 100 percent irrigation treatment increase relative water content percent (RWC), total chlorophyll. among olive genotypes Bn3 and Ds17 had the highest, relative water content percent (RWC), total chlorophyll and mda less produced. The results indicated that olive genotypes had different resistance to drought and vegetative growth status of Bn3 and Ds17 genotypes were better in drought stress conditions. It can be concluded that Bn3 and Ds17 genotype had the relatively high resistance to drought stress.

Investigation on physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters associated with the drought tolerance in four edible fig and two capri fig cultivars

M. Sajedi; M. Esna-Ashari; M. Jafari; E. Aslmoshtaghi

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 101-112

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.18347.1354

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Plant responses to water deprivation are usually monitored through selected parameters which have been proven to be good indicators of drought in ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Plant responses to water deprivation are usually monitored through selected parameters which have been proven to be good indicators of drought in different studies. Some of the most important standards for evaluating plants under drought stress are measurements of physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters. These parameters have been found to generally reflect drought adaptation and could be used to select drought-tolerant species suitable to cultivate in dry and/or semi-dried lands. In this study, the effect of drought stress on some above-mentioned parameters in six fig cultivars including Sabz, Siah, Siahe Dorosht, Shah Anjir, Bare Veil and Bare poozdombali was investigated through a two-year experiment. Materials and methods The study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a complete randomized design with four replications and three drought stress levels including field capacity as the control and 50 and 25% of field capacity as mild and severe stress, respectively. Results The highest amount of reduction in the above-mentioned parameters was observed under severe stress showing significant differences with the control and mild stress. The highest amount of relative water content associated with Sabz and Siah Dorosht cultivars and the greatest level of electrolyte leakage belonged to Siah cultivar. Chlorophyll reduction in Sabz was higher than the others and the least was observed in Siah Dorosht. The greatest proline accumulation was related to Bare Veil and the highest carbohydrate accumulation belonged to Bare Veil and Siah cultivars. The highest amount of protein reduction was also observed in Siah and Siah Dorosht without a significant difference. Maximum increase in the amount of potassium and sodium was observed in Siah Dorosht cultivar. Discussion Results indicated that, Siah and Bare Veil cultivars had approximately similar physiological and biochemical characteristics, so they evaluated as drought tolerant cultivars. It seems that fig plant employs a combination of mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Osmotic regulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of the fig plant tissue’s fluid to maintain the homeostasis of the tissue’s water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated. In this study, the two above-mentioned drought-tolerant fig cultivars synthesized considerable amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and proline to regulate their tissues osmotic pressure resulting in better growth under drought stress.

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Nitroprusside Foliar Application on Photosynthetic Pigments and Some Traits of Spring Safflower under Water Deficit Stress

S. Arab; M. Baradaran Firouzabadi; H.R. Asghari

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 93-104

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11845

Abstract

Abstract Nowadays, the application of antioxidants and plant growth regulators is assumed to decrease the negative effect of different stresses. Ascorbic acid and Sodium nitroprusside ... Read More

Effects of drought stress and soil compaction on some agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays L.)

A. Afarinesh; G. Fathi; R. Chugan; S.A. Syadat; Kh. Alamisaid; S.R. Ashrafizadeh

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11250

Abstract

In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were ... Read More In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 704 single cross hybrid corn. Drought stress was considered as the main plot at 4 levels (irrigation after 75, 95, 115 and 135 mm evaporation from A pan), and soil compaction was as the subplot at 4 levels (no traffic congestion, mild with four times, the average density with 8 times and the intensity density with 12 times of tractor traffic). Based on the results, the drought and soil compaction stresses affected many of the traits. The effects of drought and soil compaction were statistically significant on stem diameter, root deep, number of brace roots per plant, root and shoot dry weight, harvest index, number of ear bearing plants at harvest and grain yield characteristics. The effect of soil compaction stress was significant on root dry weight and reduced it. Only the effect of drought stress was significant on chlorophyll and protein characteristics. Brace roots growth in soil compaction stress conditions was stimulated and was higher than drought conditions. But grain yield was not affected by increasing the number of brace roots. Increase in soil compaction prevented root growth to depth. Conversely, the drought stress cause increased root growth to depth. Stresses weakened maize stem diameter with constant process. The constant processes were observed in reduction of shoot and grain yield dry weight by application of stresses. The drought stress more than soil compaction can affect chlorophyll and protein content of grain. This indicates the important role of water in the field. Drought stress was able to reduce the harvest index, but soil compaction in the most severe condition can reduce it. Both stresses reduced the number of ear bearing plants.

Influence of mycorrhizal symbiosis on growth and proline content in Leek (Allium porrum L.) and two genotypes of persian Leek (Allium ampeloprasum ssp. persicum L.) under drought stress

N. Ghasem Jokar; H. Nadian; B. Khalil Moghaddam; M. Heidary; M.H. Gharineh

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 15-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11115

Abstract

In recent years, biological approaches such as mycorrhizal symbiosis have been used to alleviate the detrimental effects of drought stress. In a pot experiment the responses of three ... Read More

Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and salicylic acid on nutrient elements content of abareqi pistachio seedling under drought stress

M.H Shamshiri; M.R. Hasani; H.R. Karimi; M. Esmaail Zadeh

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 75-89

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11133

Abstract

To investigate the combined effects of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus and salicylic acid on nutrient uptake and distribution of Abareqi Pistachio seedlings under drought stress, an experiment ... Read More

Response to direct and indirect selection of grain yield, oil and yield components in canola varieties under normal and soil moisture stress

M. Jafarzadeh ghahdrijani; M.M. Majidi; A.F. Mirlohi; M. Ebrahimiyan

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 129-141

Abstract

Breeding based on selection indices is an effective method for improving complex traits such as yield. To assess the efficiency of different selection indices 28 cultivars of canola ... Read More

Studying the effect of kaolin on fluorescence and chlorophyll content in leaves of olive plants (Olea europaea L. cv Dezful) under water deficit sress

E. Khaleghi; K. Arzani; N. Moallemi; M. Barzegar

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 127-139

Abstract

With respect to arid and semi-arid climate of Iran, using methods which mitigate detrimental effects of water deficit on horticultural products would be of significant importance. Kaolin ... Read More With respect to arid and semi-arid climate of Iran, using methods which mitigate detrimental effects of water deficit on horticultural products would be of significant importance. Kaolin is an anti-transpiration material the application of which has been expanded during the recent years. For this purpose, the effect of three different levels of kaolin (0, 3 and 6%) as well as three different levels of irrigation (100, 65 and 40% potential ETcrop) on chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence in olive leaves “Dezful’ were examined as factorial test based on a completely randomized design in three replications (each replication including 3 pots) in the greenhouse of Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran, Iran). The obtained results demonstrated that chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll were reduced under water deficit. The amount of reducing of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll in 80 days after treatment was greater than that in 40 days after treatment. In addition, the amount of total chlorophyll in the sprayed plants with 6% kaolin was the highest (1.425 mg/g fresh weigh of leaf) in 80 days after treatment. Furthermore, it was shown that by reducing of water content to 65 and 40% ETcrop the content of chlorophyll “a” was greater than the plants which were sprayed at kaolin concentrations of 3 and 6% in comparison with the control. Meanwhile, the results of fluorescence parameters showed that maximum fluorescence indices (Fm), fluorescence variable (Fv) and ratio of fluorescence variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm) were reduced under drought stress. However, the kaolin treatment had no significant effect on these indices. Generally, it can be expected that spraying of the olive gardens in Iran with kaolin, especially in regions exposed to water deficit can moderate the drought stress and mitigate the detrimental effects of water deficit, while improving photosynthesis efficiency of the leaf.

Effects of regulated irrigation on some physiological characteristic of Frankenia leavise L.

S. Chegah; M. Chehrazi; M. Albaji

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 71-80

Abstract

Cover plants application has several advantages such as beauty in landscape, inhibition of soil erosion and the best way of using water. Frankenia (Frankenia Leavise) is one of ... Read More

Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Manganese on the Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea may L.) Cultivars Under Water Deficit Stress

M GH; A S; G A; M.A A

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 41-54

Abstract

In order to study the effects foliar application of Zn and Mn of deficit irrigation at vegetative and reproductive growth stages of two corn cultivars, including SC-301 and SC-400, ... Read More

Effect of Nutrient Solution Culture on Stomatal Response to Drought Stress in Tradescantia virginiana Grown Under High Relative Air Humidity

A R; O V

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 117-127

Abstract

In this research, we aimed to elucidate the effect of nutrient solution culture on stomatal response to drought stress in high relative air humidity (RH) grown plants using the new ... Read More

Study of Terminal Drought Stress on Yield, yield Components Oil and Protein, Percentage and Root Growth Canola Under Ahvaz Climate Conditions

A S.A; M.H GH; A B; GH F; A N

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 53-66

Abstract

This research was carried in a pot experiment in order to study the effect of terminal drought stress on yield, yield components oil and protein percentage and root growth, in Khuzestan ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Drought stress

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