Plant Productions

Effect of girdling time on flowering properties of olive trees in Ahvaz climate

Yahya Mansouri; Shohreh Zivdar; Esmaeil Khaleghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47834.2197

Abstract

Background and Objectives Olive is one of the most important fruit trees. It has special importance in the fruit production industry of Iran and the world. During the past decades, ... Read More Background and Objectives Olive is one of the most important fruit trees. It has special importance in the fruit production industry of Iran and the world. During the past decades, in Khuzestan province, like some regions of the country, many olive orchard have been stablished without considering the selection of suitable cultivars; so that after several years, olive trees have the problems in terms of flower production, such as lack of flowering, poor flowering, poor fruit set and a decrease in oil percentage. Different methods can be used to solve these problems. Girdling is one of the most important methods of bark prunning, which causes early flowering, fruiting, and increasing the tree's productivity time. Considering the role of girdling, this research was designed to investigate the effects of girdling at different times on the flowering and biochemical characteristics of three olive cultivars (Conservalia, Roghani, and Mission) with poor flower production. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted in the olive research orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, on 20-year-old olive trees in 2022-2023. In this experiment, the effects of girdling on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of flowers and some biochemical indicators were investigated.The statistical design was the split plots with a basic design of randomized complete blocks Cultivars (Conservalia, Roghani, Mission) as the main plot and girdling time (control without girdling, girdling in January, February and March) was considered as a sub-plot with 4 replications. Results and Discussion The results showed that girdling at all times increased the number of flowers in the inflorescence compared to the control treatment. In january girdling, the highest number of flower in the inflorescence was recorded (18.17), which was more than the number of flowers in the control (9.1). The highest number of flower in the inflorescence occurred in the Roghani cultivar (14.87). The highest percentage of complete flowers was recorded in january girdling (49.92%) and the Mission showed the highest percentage of complete flowers (45.31%). The relative water content in january girdling showed the highest value (84.49%), which was significantly higher than the relative water content in the control, february and march. The highest relative water content was recorded in Mission (72.33%). Girdling significantly increased the fresh weight of leaves in the ringed branches, but this effect was reduced from January to March. Roghani had the highest leaf dry weight (14.94 g), which was not significantly different from Mission's leaf dry weight (13.69 g), but it was significantly higher than Conservalia's dry weight. The highest amount of leaf dry weight was recorded in January girdling (17 g), which was higher than the dry weight of leaves in the control, February and March girdling.The highest amount of total soluble carbohydrates in the Roghani cultivar was obtained in June (22.23 mg/g). Girdling increased the amount of total soluble carbohydrate, but it decreased from January to March. The results showed that the number of flowers in the inflorescence, fresh and dry weight of flowers and inflorescences, the percentage of complete flowers in the branches treated with girdling, increased and the beginning of flowering was improved. Roghani and Mission cultivars showed better results regarding flowering characteristics, carbohydrates, leaf relative water content and leaf dry weight. Conclusion The immediate effect of girdling is to limit the transfer of sap flow from the leaves to the root tissue and the bottom of the plant, which accumulates sugar and plant hormones in the upper part of the wound. These accumulated materials are transferred to the growing buds and inflorescences and affect them. In general, in the present experiment, girdling improved the flowering traits and the best time of girdling is in January that recommended for olive cultivars.

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Evaluation the morphological and phytochemical response of broccoli seedling to the application of sucrose, Bordeaux mixture and potassium silicate under sudden cold stress

Alireza Nickkhoo; Kamran Ghasemi; Vahid Akbarpour

Volume 47, Issue 2 , August 2024, , Pages 259-273

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44617.2120

Abstract

IntroductionBroccoli is a one of the vegetables that has a very high nutritional value and it is cultivated in many countries all around the world. Due to the intensification of climate ... Read More IntroductionBroccoli is a one of the vegetables that has a very high nutritional value and it is cultivated in many countries all around the world. Due to the intensification of climate change, sudden drops in temperature during the winter in northern countries pose a serious threat to some vegetable species, including broccoli. In this study, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of sucrose, potassium silicate, and Bordeaux mixture on increasing the tolerance of broccoli seedlings to sudden cold stress. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with eight treatments, three replications, and three samples per each replication. The treatments included: control, sucrose1%, potassium silicate 0.2%, Bordeaux mixture 0.2%, sucrose + potassium silicate, sucrose + Bordeaux mixture, potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture, and sucrose + potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture. Results and DiscussionThe effect of the treatments on the growth of broccoli seedlings one week after exposure to low temperature stress, including stem height, leaf number, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, and root dry weight, was not statistically significant. The highest concentration of chlorophyll b (1.647 mg/g fresh weight) was obtained in the Bordeaux mixture treatment which along with the combined treatment of sucrose + potassium silicate + Bordeaux mixture were the only treatments that showed a significant superiority compared to the control. The highest transpiration rate among the tested treatments was observed in the sucrose + Bordeaux mixture treatment, which did not show a significant difference compared to the three-component treatment of sucrose + potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture, but showed a significant superiority compared to the other treatments. The foliar application of Bordeaux mixture caused a higher stomatal conductance compared to the control after a temperature stress of -2 °C, but the other treatments did not show a significant difference compared to the control. In terms of the non-photochemical quenching (Y(NPQ)), the highest Y(NPQ), was observed in the control and potassium silicate treatments, which was significantly higher than all other treatments. Meanwhile, the lowest level of this index was observed in the potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatment, which did not show a significant difference compared to the sucrose + potassium silicate, sucrose + potassium, and silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatments. The highest level of antioxidant activity was observed only in the sucrose treatment and the sucrose + potassium silicate and Bordeaux mixture treatments, which were superior to all other treatments without any significant difference among them. In terms of total phenolic content, only the sucrose+ Bordeaux mixture treatment showed a significant superiority compared to the control, and the other treatments did not show a significant difference from the control. In the trait of soluble sugar content, the sole potassium silicate and the three-component treatments were better than the control, and the other treatments did not show a significant difference compared to the control. The highest ion leakage was observed in the sucrose + Bordeaux mixture treatment, which was higher than the control and all other treatments. The lowest ion leakage was also observed in the sucrose + potassium silicate and potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatments, although the difference between them and the control and potassium silicate-only treatments was not significant. The highest level of proline was observed in the sucrose+potassium silicate treatment, which was significantly superior to all other treatments. ConclusionSucrose+potassium silicate treatment improved the defense system of the plant against sudden cold stress by increasing the amount of carotenoid and proline, and as a result of these activities, the antioxidant of the whole plant and higher chlorophyll also increased. Also, this treatment showed low ion leakage and low non-photochemical quenching, which can show higher sudden cold tolerance. Another favorable treatment was potassium silicate + bordeaux mixture which produced a higher assimilation rate, although this photosynthetic production did not affect the biomass, but since the ion leakage was low and caused the lowest Y(NPQ), it can be said that the plant in this treatment receive lower stress. Overall, considering all the evaluated traits, the top-performing treatment in this experiment was the potassium silicate+ Bordeaux mixture treatment, followed by the sucrose + potassium silicate treatment..

The Effect of Volck Mineral Oil Spraying on Flowering and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Olive Cultivars under Ahvaz Condition

Sara Davoodi; Shohreh Zivdar; Esmaeil Khaleghi

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 41-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.34536.1933

Abstract

IntroductionOlive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree and one of the most important products of the horticultural section in Iran due to high nutritional value of its oil and fruits. ... Read More IntroductionOlive (Olea europaea L.) is an evergreen tree and one of the most important products of the horticultural section in Iran due to high nutritional value of its oil and fruits. Adaptation of olive cultivars to the climatic conditions of different regions are not the same. The results of studies showed that special cultivars are recommended for each region. In tropical and subtropical climates with mild winter such as Ahvaz, the chilling requirement of olive trees is not completed. This condition has led to poor and insufficient flowering in some olive cultivars. Mineral oils, including volck oil are one of the most beneficial treatments to complete chilling requirement and bud break in fruit trees. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of two olive cultivars (Manzanilla and khaziri) to the application of volck mineral oil and studying their flowering and biochemical characteristics in Ahvaz condition. Materials and MethodsIn this experiment, the effect of volck mineral oil spraying [control (water spray), 1, 3, 5 %] on two olive cultivars were investigated. The experimental design was split plot arranged in complete block design with four replications. Measured traits included flowering characteristics such as the number of inflorescences in the branch, flowers in inflorescence, complete flowers, flowering days after treatments, percentage of flower fall, fresh and dry weight of flower and inflorescence. Biochemical properties such as bud carbohydrates and ABA, leaf proline and chlorophyll were measured. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that foliar application of 3 and 5 % volck oil caused flowering (31.8 and 28.7 days after treatment, respectively) in Manzanilla cultivar. Bud carbohydrate content increased significantly after tree spraying with volck oil in all of three concentrations. The highest content of bud carbohydrates (78.68 mg/g) was obtained in khaziri when treated with 3% volck oil. The use of volck oil was effective in increasing the ABA concentration in Manzanilla cultivar and its effect was as 3 and 5% volck oil (83.1 and 105.4 µg/g, respectively). The amount of proline in both cultivars increased until 60 days after applying three concentrations of volck oil. The levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll increased until 30 days after treatment and then were decreased. Volck oil (3%) can be used for flowering of Manzanilla cultivar in climatic conditions of Ahvaz. Based on the obtained results, it seems that the effect of volck oil on flowering and biochemical traits depends on the type and concentration of mineral oil and type of the cultivar. In the present study, flowering occurred when Manzanilla cultivar treated with mineral volck oil (3 and 5%) and the flowering traits were improved at 3% oil more than other treatments. ConclusionAccording to the obtained results, olive cultivars show different reactions to the use of Volck oil, and Volck oil with a concentration of 3% can be used for the flowering of Manzanilla cultivar in the weather conditions of Ahvaz.

Investigation on physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters associated with the drought tolerance in four edible fig and two capri fig cultivars

M. Sajedi; M. Esna-Ashari; M. Jafari; E. Aslmoshtaghi

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 101-112

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.18347.1354

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Plant responses to water deprivation are usually monitored through selected parameters which have been proven to be good indicators of drought in ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Plant responses to water deprivation are usually monitored through selected parameters which have been proven to be good indicators of drought in different studies. Some of the most important standards for evaluating plants under drought stress are measurements of physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters. These parameters have been found to generally reflect drought adaptation and could be used to select drought-tolerant species suitable to cultivate in dry and/or semi-dried lands. In this study, the effect of drought stress on some above-mentioned parameters in six fig cultivars including Sabz, Siah, Siahe Dorosht, Shah Anjir, Bare Veil and Bare poozdombali was investigated through a two-year experiment. Materials and methods The study was conducted in a factorial experiment based on a complete randomized design with four replications and three drought stress levels including field capacity as the control and 50 and 25% of field capacity as mild and severe stress, respectively. Results The highest amount of reduction in the above-mentioned parameters was observed under severe stress showing significant differences with the control and mild stress. The highest amount of relative water content associated with Sabz and Siah Dorosht cultivars and the greatest level of electrolyte leakage belonged to Siah cultivar. Chlorophyll reduction in Sabz was higher than the others and the least was observed in Siah Dorosht. The greatest proline accumulation was related to Bare Veil and the highest carbohydrate accumulation belonged to Bare Veil and Siah cultivars. The highest amount of protein reduction was also observed in Siah and Siah Dorosht without a significant difference. Maximum increase in the amount of potassium and sodium was observed in Siah Dorosht cultivar. Discussion Results indicated that, Siah and Bare Veil cultivars had approximately similar physiological and biochemical characteristics, so they evaluated as drought tolerant cultivars. It seems that fig plant employs a combination of mechanisms to overcome drought stress. Osmotic regulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of the fig plant tissue’s fluid to maintain the homeostasis of the tissue’s water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or too concentrated. In this study, the two above-mentioned drought-tolerant fig cultivars synthesized considerable amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and proline to regulate their tissues osmotic pressure resulting in better growth under drought stress.

Seasonal changes of electrolyte leakage, carbohydrate contents and Re-growth in four cultivars of grape vine (Vitis vinifera l.) cuttings, under freezing stress

H. Araghi; A. Tehranifar; B. Abedi; M. Shoor

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 49-61

Abstract

Grapes are one of the temperate fruit crops most frequently damaged by freezing temperatures. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of freezing temperatures during ... Read More

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Keywords = Carbohydrate

Effect of girdling time on flowering properties of olive trees in Ahvaz climate

Abstract

Evaluation the morphological and phytochemical response of broccoli seedling to the application of sucrose, Bordeaux mixture and potassium silicate under sudden cold stress

Abstract

The Effect of Volck Mineral Oil Spraying on Flowering and Biochemical Characteristics of Two Olive Cultivars under Ahvaz Condition

Abstract

Investigation on physiological, morphological and biochemical parameters associated with the drought tolerance in four edible fig and two capri fig cultivars

Abstract

Seasonal changes of electrolyte leakage, carbohydrate contents and Re-growth in four cultivars of grape vine (Vitis vinifera l.) cuttings, under freezing stress

Abstract