Plant Productions

Evaluation of seed yield and water productivity of sesame promising line under different irrigation treatments in Borazjan region, Bushehr province

Majid Gholamhoseini; Davod Kiani; Mehrdad Norouzi; Farnaz Shariati; Gholamreza Ghodrati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47304.2185

Abstract

IntroductionSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop grown for its edible oil in dry and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Because of its minimal input requirements, it is a great ... Read More IntroductionSesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop grown for its edible oil in dry and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Because of its minimal input requirements, it is a great crop to cultivate in rotation with other crops. In the context of irrigation planning and determining the optimal time to cut-off irrigation at the end of sesame cultivation in the Bushehr region, a major sesame production hub, there has been no research conducted on the available cultivars or newly introduced lines. This study hypothesises that by reducing water availability during non-critical stages of drought tolerance, it may be possible to enhance irrigation water productivity in existing sesame cultivars and lines while maintaining seed and oil yields. To test this hypothesis, the present research was designed and implemented.Materials and MethodsThe current experiment was carried out in 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center fields in Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran. The region is characterized as hot and arid, and the average yearly precipitation (over a 30-yr period), which occurs mostly during the autumn and winter months, is 250 mm for the site. This study investigated the effect of different irrigation regimes—full irrigation (80 mm evaporation) and low irrigation (160 mm evaporation)—and the timing of irrigation cut-off on yield and yield components, seed oil content, oil yield and irrigation water productivity in two sesame genotypes: Dashtestan 2 cultivar and promising line number 7. The cut-off timings were as follows: beginning of flowering, beginning of capsule formation, and mid-capsule formation. A split-split-plot design was used, with irrigation regime as the main plot, irrigation cut-off timing as the sub-plot, and genotype as the sub-sub-plot, arranged within a randomised complete block design with three replications.Results and DiscussionAs anticipated, the reduction in water availability under the low irrigation regime led to a significant decrease in seed yield components across both genotypes. Results indicated that for the two primary traits determining sesame seed yield—the number of capsules per plant and the number of seeds per capsule—line number 7 outperformed Dashtestan 2 under full irrigation and was less affected by reduced irrigation or earlier irrigation termination. Conversely, Dashtestan 2 had a superior thousand-seed weight. Overall, line number 7 showed a higher average yield than Dashtestan 2 across irrigation treatments, and did not require irrigation beyond the early capsule- formation stage to reach maximum seed yield, leading to water saving of at least 600 cubic metres per hectare without significant yield reduction. While the maximum irrigation water productivity was similar for both genotypes, Dashtestan 2’s efficiency gains were due to lower water use rather than increased yield, whereas line number 7 achieved both water savings and satisfactory yield (733 kg per hectare) with early irrigation cut-off during capsule setting. Although Dashtestan 2 exhibited up to 1.5% higher seed oil content, line number 7 yielded up to 24% more oil yield than Dashtestan 2.Conclusion In conclusion, replacing older sesame cultivars with new lines alongside optimal irrigation management can increase water productivity, reduce water consumption, and prevent yield losses.

Study of phenological, physiological, and yield responses of indehiscent and dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars to sowing dates in Dezful, Iran

Mehdi Attar Roshan; Afrasyab Rahnama; Moosa Meskarbashee; Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh; Matthew Harrison

Volume 47, Issue 4 , January 2025, , Pages 523-542

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47179.2178

Abstract

Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops cultivated for purposes relating to industry and household consumption. It is widely grown in tropical and ... Read More Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops cultivated for purposes relating to industry and household consumption. It is widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Sesame productivity can be highly variable depending upon the growing conditions, cultivars, and cultural practices. Sowing date is a critical field crop management practice that influences the intensity of other practices applied in crop growth and production. Seed yield significantly influences by sowing date and cultivar. The optimal sowing date is one of the most important and low cost field management practices affecting crop growth and yield. In general, early sowing dates correspond to higher growth and seed yields. The aim of this study was to explore an optimum sowing date for new indehiscent sesame cultivars and obtain new superior cultivars with the highest yield potential and adaptation to different sowing date in Dezful region. Materials and Methods In order to study the effects of different sowing dates on phonological traits, photosynthetic parameters, and seed and oil yields of dehiscent and indehiscent sesame cultivars, a field experiment was carried out in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with four replications in 2021-2022. The study site was located in Dezful, Iran. The main plots included three sowing dates, June 5, June 20, and July 20, and the sub-plots consisted three indehiscent (Chamran, Mohajer, Barkat) and one dehiscent (Schewin) sesame cultivars. 5 th June sowing date was considered as early sowing date, and 5 th July sowing date was considered as late sowing date. Data were collected on various parameters, including plant heigh, height of the first capsule, length of the capsule-bearing zone, days to the first capsule emergence, days to flowering, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration, chlorophylle index, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil content and oil yield. Results and Discussion Significant genotypic differences were observed in phenological traits, photosynthetic parameters, and seed and oil yields across cultivars and sowing dates. Different sowing dates influenced photosynthetic properties, phenological traits, and yields of sesame cultivars in distinct ways. Changes in plant height, height of the first capsule, length of the capsule-bearing zone, days to the first capsule emergence, days to flowering, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, chlorophylle index, seed yield, biological yield, harvest index, oil content and oil yield were significant across both years. In 2021, the June 5 sowing date resulted in a significant decrease in the seed yield of Chamran, Schewin, Mohajer and, Barkat cultivars by 1%, 25%, 11 and 6%, respectively, compared to the June 20 sowing date. In contrast, the July 5 sowing date led to significant reductions in the seed yield of Mohajer and Barkat by 21% and 37%, respectively, but increased the seed yields of Chamran and Schewin by 12% and 28%, respectively. There was also genetic variation in seed and oil yield across cultivars in response to sowing dates. The Barkat and Mohajer cultivars, which had higher seed yields, showed greater yield stability across the early sowing date compared to the Schwin cultivar. Conclusion Overall, the results of this experiment suggest that the optimal sowing window for improving sesame production in humid tropical regions is between June 5 and June 20. Moreover, the Barkat cultivar, which exhibited the highest seed and oil yields, is recommended for both early and late sowing conditions in the Khuzestan region, alongside the Mohajer cultivar.

Study of photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and oil compositions of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in Tehran

Kimia Momeni-Shijani; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy; Ali Heidarzadeh; Amir Mohammad Abedi

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 387-403

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46765.2161

Abstract

Introduction Oilseeds are rich in fatty acids, hence they are of paramount importance. Fats and oils are recognized as primary sources of energy in human nutrition. Additionally, fat-soluble ... Read More Introduction Oilseeds are rich in fatty acids, hence they are of paramount importance. Fats and oils are recognized as primary sources of energy in human nutrition. Additionally, fat-soluble vitamins, which play a crucial role in maintaining human health, are supplied through the consumption of oilseeds in the body. Therefore, studying and researching oilseeds and their importance in today's nutrition is crucial. Camelina is an oilseed product belonging to the Brassicaceae family, which can adapt well to various environments and produce suitable oil for biological purposes. Due to its appropriate composition of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid (omega-9), linoleic acid (omega-6), alpha-linolenic acid (omega-3), and low levels of saturated fatty acids, it is considered one of the highest quality edible oils. Materials and Methods This research aimed to investigate the performance and composition of camelina oil under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in a split plot arrangement in randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021 growing season at the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University. In this study, the examined factors included different irrigation regimes at the flowering stage at four levels defined as the main factor. These levels included optimal irrigation (no stress), mild water deficit stress, moderate water deficit stress, and severe water deficit stress. Irrigation continued until the plant's available moisture in the root zone reached 20, 40, 60, and 80 percent, respectively, and then irrigation continued to the field capacity. The secondary factor included the application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea source as foliar spray at six levels (0% (distilled water spray), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and no foliar spray (control)). Results and Discussion Under optimal irrigation conditions, seed yield and oil content showed the highest values, with the optimal irrigation treatment exhibiting the highest yield. In mild water deficit stress conditions, seed yield decreased by 12.83% compared to the control (optimal irrigation), while foliar application of nitrogen at concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% increased seed yield by 18.23%, 27.95%, 16.30%, and 11.74%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of nitrogen foliar spray at a concentration of 3% resulted in a greater increase in grain yield and oil content compared to other concentrations. Oil yield decreased by 4.42% and 21.23% in mild and moderate water deficit stress conditions, respectively, compared to the control (optimal irrigation). Additionally, foliar application of urea at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% increased oil yield by 23.85%, 35.37%, and 23.81%, respectively, compared to the control (no foliar spray). Under severe water deficit stress conditions, the treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration led to the highest amount of seed oil, chlorophyll a, and chlorophyll b. Regarding the anthocyanin content, under severe water deficit stress conditions, foliar application of nitrogen at a concentration of 1% resulted in a greater increase in anthocyanin content compared to other treatments. Conclusion In optimal irrigation conditions, grain yield and oil content showed the highest values. In mild water deficit stress conditions, the use of foliar spraying of urea fertilizer with a concentration of 3% nitrogen led to a greater increase in grain yield and oil content than other concentrations. In severe water deficit stress conditions, urea fertilizer treatment with 2% nitrogen concentration resulted in the highest amount of oil content and chlorophyll a and b.

Investigating integrated weed control on yield and yield components and qualitative traits of canola in rotation with corn

Negar Atashbar; Ali Monsefi; Esfandiar Fateh

Volume 47, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 101-115

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.43934.2106

Abstract

Introduction Conservation tillage practices and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface have a positive effect on crop yields by reducing the germination and establishment ... Read More Introduction Conservation tillage practices and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface have a positive effect on crop yields by reducing the germination and establishment of weeds during crop growth. The presence of weeds is one of the most important factors that reduce agricultural products in the world and it leads to a large reduction in the yield of agricultural products. Weeds, as one of the effective limiting factors for canola cultivation, cause a decrease in the yield of canola due to the competition in absorbing the environmental resources of growth such as nutrients, radiation, and water. On the other hand, mixing weed seeds with canola reduces the quality of its oil. Therefore, this experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of weeds and alternating plowing on the yield and some agricultural characteristics of canola in the conditions of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods In order to investigate the effect of sequential tillage and weed management, research was conducted in the year 2021-2022 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz. The lay out of this research was an experimental design of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factor of tillage in three levels: 1) zero tillage-zero tillage, 2) reduce tillage-conventional tillage and 3) Conventional tillage-zero tillage and the sub-plot of weed control in six levels: 1) control, 2) hand weeding, 3) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare in installments of 15 and 30 days after sowing, 4) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing, 5) crop residues as surface mulch (maize @ 5 tons per hectare) and 6) crap residues + cycloxidem herbicide was 1.5 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS software and comparison of averages with LSD method. Results and Discussion The results of the experiment showed that the highest seed number per silique, the highest seed yield, the highest biological yield, and the percentage of oil in the treatment were related to the mutual effects of conventional tillage and manual weeding. The highest silique number per plant and 1000 seeds weight were in the conditions of conventional tillage and the application of 2 liters of herbicide per hectare in installments. The highest rate of harvest index was obtained with 26.80 percent in the condition without tillage and the application of 2 liters of cycloxidum herbicide per hectare in installments. Conclusion The use of conventional tillage and the use of cycloxidum herbicide 2 liters per hectare in division along with manual weeding can be effective in controlling weeds and increasing crop yield. In other hand the use of integrated management of weeds and the use of an effective combination of different methods of weed control with sequential tillage, which is effective in terms of society and the environment, and can reduce the damage caused by weeds and burning of residue.

Response of New Genotypes of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) to Late Season Withholding Irrigation under Semi-Arid Climate

Hamed Eyni Nargeseh; Majid AghaAlikhani; Amir Hosein Shirani Rad; Ali Mokhtasi-Bidgoli; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 55-68

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22672.1491

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Water deficit stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which affect the crop production. Genetic improvement or application ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Water deficit stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which affect the crop production. Genetic improvement or application of drought tolerant genotypes is recommended to increase crop production under water restricted conditions. The objective of the current study is investigating the withholding irrigation effect in terminal stages of the growing season on agronomic performance of rapeseed new genotypes in a semi-arid climate. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season in Karaj, Iran. Experimental factors (two water irrigation regimes and 17 rapeseed genotypes) were investigated with factorial arrangement of treatments based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, several different traits including plant height, number of siliqueper plant, number of grain per silique, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass, oil percentage and oil yield were measured. To determine the most tolerant genotypes, stress tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, STI and GMP) were calculated under stress (withholding irrigation from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season) and non-stress (normal irrigation) conditions. Also, agronomic water use efficiency (WUEagr) was calculated for both irrigation conditions. Results Mean comparison of the interaction between withholding irrigation and genotypes showed that the responses of genotypes were different in terms of plant height, number of siliqueper plant, number of grain per silique, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and oil yield at irrigation different treatments. Finally under withholding irrigation treatment from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season, Lauren hybrid was identified as the superior genotype due to suitable agronomic traits such as plant height (158.9 cm), number of siliqueper plant (158.6), number of grain per silique(18.6), 1000-grain weight (3.44 g), biomass (15471 kg.ha-1), grain yield (3854.3 kg.ha-1), oil percentage (43.33%) and oil yield (1668.3 kg.ha-1). Based on the stress tolerance indices among 17 rapeseed genotypes, the most tolerant genotypes were Lauren, Zorica, Alonso and Zlanta. Finally with considering to WUEagr (Kg.ha-1.mm-1), Zorica (0.92), Artist and Lauren genotypes (0.88) had the highest WUEagr under normal irrigation conditions, while Alonso (0.86), Lauren (0.84) and KL3721 (0.82) had the highest WUEagr under withholding irrigation conditions. Discussion Generally in this study, the amount of the studied traits was decreased under conditions of withholding irrigation compared to the full irrigation. Yield components such as silique number per plant, grain number per silique and 1000-grain weight could be considered as key traits affecting rapeseed grain yield under withholding irrigation.

Effect of irrigation regimes on content oil, proline content and some physiological characteristics of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under climatic conditions in Ahvaz

A. Karimi; H. Roshanfekr; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 105-117

Abstract

In order to study water deficit stress on safflower in different stages of growth, this experiment was conducted in Shahid Chamran University during 2009 – 2010 growing season ... Read More

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Keywords = Oil yield

Evaluation of seed yield and water productivity of sesame promising line under different irrigation treatments in Borazjan region, Bushehr province

Abstract

Study of phenological, physiological, and yield responses of indehiscent and dehiscent sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars to sowing dates in Dezful, Iran

Abstract

Study of photosynthetic pigments, seed yield and oil compositions of camelina (Camelina sativa L.) under the influence of urea foliar application and irrigation regimes in Tehran

Abstract

Investigating integrated weed control on yield and yield components and qualitative traits of canola in rotation with corn

Abstract

Response of New Genotypes of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) to Late Season Withholding Irrigation under Semi-Arid Climate

Abstract

Effect of irrigation regimes on content oil, proline content and some physiological characteristics of two safflower cultivars (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under climatic conditions in Ahvaz

Abstract