Plant Productions

Effects of different levels of humic acid and limitation in irrigation on the growth and functional characteristics of the medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica L.

Masoud Fattahi; Akbar Saljoghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47380.2190

Abstract

Introduction Humic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which increasing cell membrane permeability, increasing photosynthesis and respiration rates, enhancing mineral ... Read More Introduction Humic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which increasing cell membrane permeability, increasing photosynthesis and respiration rates, enhancing mineral uptake and enhancing protein synthesis. The effects of Humic acid on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of plants under drought stress have been, including the growth parameters, osmotic regulation, antioxidase activity (such as the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and photosynthesis parameters. Also, drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely influences the growth and production of crops and disturbs plant water relationships, reducing leaf size, root growth and root multiplication. Plants exhibit various physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress at cellular and whole organism levels. The results of some study indicated that the appropriate concentration of humic acid could effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress on plants. Materials and Methods In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on germination characteristics, as well as the effect of different levels of humic acid and water deficit on some characteristics of the medicinal plant of lallemantia, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the characteristics of germination of lallemantia under the influence of five levels of drought stress including 0 potential, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2 and -1.6 MPa in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University was evaluated. In the second experiment, in order to investigate the different levels of humic acid and water deficit stress on some characteristics of the lallemantia, a field experiment was conducted in the form of a split plot in the form of a completely randomized block design in three replications. The treatments included four irrigation levels of 50, 70, 90 and 110 mm evaporation, from the evaporation pan surface as the main factor and four humic acid levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 liters per hectare as secondary factors. Results and Discussion The results showed that the percentage and speed of germination and fresh weight of lallemantia seedlings decreased due to drought stress levels and the root length increased. Also, in the results of the field experiment, it was observed that the number of flowers, inflorescences, seeds per plant, seed yield, and the amount of biomass were affected by the simple effects of drought stress and humic acid treatments, and drought stress decreased them, while the use of humic acid increased them. As a result of drought stress, the percentage of mucilage increased and the yield of essential oil decreased. Also, the use of humic acid increased the yield of essential oil compared to the control. In general, the use of humic acid, especially at a concentration of 15 liters per hectare, increased the seed yield and the medicinal properties of the lallemantia plant. In general, the use of humic acid, especially at a concentration of 15 liters per hectare, increased the seed yield and the medicinal properties of the lallemantia plant. Conclusion humic acid is an alicyclic ring, and a hydrophilic group, such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carbonyl group is bonded to enhance the water retention of the plant. Humic acid can be used directly on plants at low concentrations to enhance plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake, thus constituting a popular category of plant biostimulants. Our findings further illustrated that humic acid can relieve the damage of drought stress because humic acid also has the effect of stabilizing the plasma membrane system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and participating in cell osmotic regulation. Our findings may help to elucidate of the effects of humic acid on lallemantia plant under drought stress and provide substantial guidance for the use of humic acid in agricultural production.

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Effect of EMS Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagen on Iranian rose (Rosa persica Michx) to generate morphological variation

Mohammad Mahdi Mehrabi; Mina Taghizadeh; Mousa Solgi

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 335-346

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40690.2031

Abstract

IntroductionGenetic diversity is one of the major goals of plant breeding. Mutation induction is a method to increase genetic variety that is used in plant breeding along with selection, ... Read More IntroductionGenetic diversity is one of the major goals of plant breeding. Mutation induction is a method to increase genetic variety that is used in plant breeding along with selection, recombination or a combination of the both. Rosa persica Michx can serve as a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs, especially due to the market demand for variety in rose cultivars as well as its drought resistance. In two independent experiments, this study examined the effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as a chemical mutagen on seed germination and seedling characteristics of Rosa persica. Materials and Methods The seeds of Rosa persica Mich.seeds were collected from an adult shrub on the Arak University campus, Karbala St., Sardasht (34° N, 49.6° E) and an altitude of 1872 m above sea level during mid-summer. The seeds were separated from the hips by a sharp scalpel and the damaged and abnormal seeds were removed. Before applying the cold stratification, the seeds were washed for several hours and then placed in layers of wet sand at 4 ° C for 60 days.First, the effects of 0, 0.2, and 0.3% EMS at 4, 8 and 12 hours on seed germination characteristics were examined. Second, 0, 0.2, and 0.3 concentrations of EMS at 4 and 8 hours were studied on reproductive buds. Seed germination characteristics such as final germination percentage, germination rate index, coefficient velocity germination, germination rate, mean daily germination, daily germination speed, mean germination rate, germination index, seed vigor, seed dormancy and seedling vegetative traits such as stem lengths, root lengths, and leaf number are evaluated at first experiment. In second experiment, flower diameter, flower opening rate, number of necrotic buds and the number of seeds in each hip were measured. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that increasing the concentration of EMS and the time of seed treatment caused a further decrease in germination indices. In 0.3% EMS treatment for 8 hours on seeds, traits such as germination percentage, germination rate index and daily germination were reduced to zero. According to the results of the second experiment, leaf and seedling lengths were longer at 0.2 and 0.3% EMS concentrations and at 4 h incubation. There was a decline in the number of seeds per hip and an increase in necrotic buds with increasing concentration and time of EMS application. In order to succeed in a breeding program using mutagenic methods, the appropriate concentration and time must first be optimized. To determine the best concentration of mutagens, there are two important factors to consider: first, that the concentration should not be so high as to destroy plants, and second, that the applied concentration should be selected moderately. Although, that the frequency of mutations occurs sufficiently. ConclusionIn order to induce a positive mutation and diversity in Iranian roses for the purpose of introducing a new cultivar, seed treatment with a concentration of 0.3% EMS and an incubation time of 4 h is recommended. It is also recommended to apply a concentration of 0.2% EMS on the reproductive buds for 4 h to induce mutations. Keywords: Seed, breeding, germination, mutation, ornamental plant

Effect of Permissible Inhibitors from Mixing of Several Medicinal Plants on Weed Seed Bank to a Depth of 20 cm Soil

vahid Chamani; Elnaz Farajzadeh-Memari-Tabrizi

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 115-128

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.28826.1748

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWeed seed bank in the soil is an essential source of weeds that enables them to be present in the fields. The seed bank density in a crop may reach ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesWeed seed bank in the soil is an essential source of weeds that enables them to be present in the fields. The seed bank density in a crop may reach a million seeds per square meter. Depending on the crop operation, crop rotation, and herbicide selection, the weed seed bank differs according to the location and time. Due to the economic benefits and improved crop ability, plant remains have become an attractive and acceptable way in agriculture. Allelopathic plant remnants can have a beneficial effect on weed control. The allelopathy of these plants plays a vital role in controlling the seed bank of weed soils. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of mixing different amounts of residues of three medicinal herbs on the potential of the weed seed bank in the Malekan region. Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out at Malakan Azad University labs in 2018. Treatments included mixing different amounts of residues (0, 50, 100, and 150 g / m2), and three medicinal plants were cumin, seaweed, and marjoram. Samples had taken from a depth of 0 to 20 cm in an ocher system (7 cm radius) to measure the soil's seed bank. Weeds were isolated, and their species were identified. Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the germination strength of these seeds. This part of the experiment was carried out with three replications in a completely randomized design. ResultsIn total, 53915 weed seeds were detected per square meter. The highest seeds in the soil belonging to weed carnivorous and lambspeed were 33254 and 12457 seed per square meter of soil, respectively. The seeds of these two weeds included 95.4% of the seed bank of soil weeds. In this study, the remnants of seaweed and marigold caused a significant decrease in germination characteristics and the growth of seedlings of these weeds. Remains of cumin have little effect on the traits studied. Seed germination and seedlings growth of these weeds decreased by 44.7% and 84.9%, respectively. Discussion By increasing the amount of application of the remains, a more significant reduction in germination and weed growth was achieved. The remnants of the two herbs had a similar effect on germination and seedling growth. Overall, this study showed that the remnants of medicinal plants could reduce the diversity and abundance of seed banks of soil weeds.

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

A. Rezai; H. Balouchi; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; I. Adhami

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 69-82

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13551

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The impact of toxicity of heavy metals such as cadmium in living organisms is a major global concern. Plant kingdom also is not exempted from the adverse effects to exposure of heavy metals. This study was conducted in order to investigate the effect of different priming on seed germination indices of sorghum under Cadmium chloride and nitrate stress condition in laboratory. Materials and Methods The germination experiment was carried out as factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications. The first factor was heavy metal treatments including 7 levels of cadmium chloride and nitrate, each in four levels (0, 200, 400 and 600 mM) and the second factor included 9 levels: gibberellic acid priming at concentrations of 400 and 800 mg/l, salicylic acid in two levels 0.3 and 0.6 mM, potassium nitrate with concentrations of 1 and 2% and concentrations of -3 and -6 bar of PEG and non-priming. Results The results of the germination experiment showed that the highest and lowest seed germination rates and percentage were obtained in 200 mM of cadmium nitrate and 600 mM of cadmium nitrate and chloride treatment, respectively, while 0.3 and 0.6 mM of salicylic acid application increased the germination rate. The highest and lowest length and weight vigor index were observed in 0 mM cadmium and 600 mM of cadmium chloride respectively, that 800 mg/l of gibberellic acid application leads to increasing the vigor index. Catalase activity in seed sorghum was increased by increasing of cadmium concentrations but decreased by using different priming. Discussion In relation to the slow germination under stress cadmium cell membrane, probably one of the important points is that the severely damaged cells leak out and vigor will be reduced. Priming with the reconstruction of damaged cells, reduces barriers to the growth of the fetus, increases the quality and quantity of protein synthesis, and increases tolerance to environmental stresses. Cadmium also reacts to sulfhydryl groups in the structure of enzymes and proteins. Plant water relations and gas exchange pores have a negative effect on processes of respiration and photosynthesis and increase production of reactive oxygen species in plant cells causes. Active oxygen species due to the desire for high electron affinity, and the basic biomolecules such as lipids, cells, proteins and nucleic acids can cause damage.

Effect of Seed Deterioration on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Norman var.) Seed

H. Balouchi; R. Ostadian Bidgoly

Volume 40, Issue 2 , September 2017, , Pages 37-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.13116

Abstract

Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds ... Read More Background and Objectives Seed deterioration is a natural phenomenon that occurs in all seeds and leads to gradual decline of seed viability during storage. However, the rate of seeds age depends upon their physiological status, genetic constitution and storage conditions. The lipid peroxidation through the production of free radical plays an important role in the loss of seed viability during seed storage. Material and Methods In order to investigate the effect of deterioration on germination indices and enzymes activity of the flax oil seed, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a Completely Randomized Design with four replications in the seed laboratory of Yasouj University in 2015. The factors included 4 levels of temperature (15, 25, 35 and 45oC) and moisture content (5, 9, 13 and 17%). With relation intended seed moisture, Hampton and Teckrony (1995) was calculated. After determining the moisture content of the seeds in envelopes of aluminum foil was placed, then the amount of water the need added and to ensure that the packaging and moisture exchange with the outside world for 24 hours at 15 °C were identical to the seed moisture and then for 6 months in storage conditions at temperatures of 15, 25, 35 and 45oC were kept. Results Analysis of variance showed that the single effects including temperature and seed moisture content experimental treatments for traits including germination percentage, germination rate, seedling vigor index (weight), activity enzymes antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, soluble proteins, electrical conductivity and oil percentage were significant (P≤0.01). Also, the interaction temperature and seed moisture content of all treatments except for enzyme, activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were significant (P≤0.01) but were significant (P≤0.05) for the activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase. The results showed that with increasing temperature and moisture content, all the physiological and biochemical traits, except for electrical conductivity, decreased. The decrease in germination was also associated with a decrease in the activity of antioxidant catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase and as a result the antioxidant system was not sufficient to protect seeds against free radical damage. With the increase in reactive oxygen species, lipids peroxidation increased, probably due to the destruction of cell membranes, increased electrical conductivity seed the negative correlation between the electrical conductivity and the activity of the enzymes antioxidant indicator of the issue. Discussions Thus, oil flax seed deterioration was closely related to decrease in the activities of free radical detoxifying enzymes and increased lipid peroxidation. In general, the best flax seed storage condition is at 15°C and 5 percent moisture content.

Effect of seed deterioration stress on germination and seedling growth indices in three cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

H.R. Balouchi; R. Kayednezami; F. Bagheri

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 27-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11116

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of seed deterioration (accelerated aging test) on germination and seedling growth indices, an experiment was conducted. The accelerated aging test ... Read More

Isolation of Azospirillum and evaluation of the effect of four superior isolates on the germination of Canola seeds

N. Ghaderi; M. Olamaee; M.H. Arzanesh; Y. Mohammadnezhad; A.R. Rabiezadeh

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 9-21

Abstract

Azospirillum is one of the plant growth-promoting bacteria which is in the rhizosphere and the intercellular of the cereals and other plant roots. One of the characteristics of this ... Read More

The effect of gibberllic acid and bed substrate on seed germination and Seedling characteristics of Persian Cyclamen (C.persicum)

O. Mohammadi; S.N. Mortazavi; J. Mohammadi; H.R. Angourani

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 25-33

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of Gibberellic acid and bed substrate on germination and different traites of Persian cyclamen (C.persicum), an experiment was conducted in 2008 at Zanjan ... Read More

Effect of scarification with sulfuric acid and culture medium type on seed germinatin of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Camaroasa and Paros) in in vitro conditions

R. i Yosef; M. Mousavi; N. Moalemi; M.H. Ghafarian Mogharab

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 35-44

Abstract

In this study, we investigated strawberry seeds (Fragaria ananassa cv.Camarosa and Paros) germination where they scar using different concentrations of Sulfuric acid (1, 12, 24 and ... Read More

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Keywords = Germination

Effects of different levels of humic acid and limitation in irrigation on the growth and functional characteristics of the medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica L.

Abstract

Effect of EMS Ethyl Methane Sulfonate (EMS) mutagen on Iranian rose (Rosa persica Michx) to generate morphological variation

Abstract

Effect of Permissible Inhibitors from Mixing of Several Medicinal Plants on Weed Seed Bank to a Depth of 20 cm Soil

Abstract

Effect of Different Priming on Seed Germination Indices and Enzyme of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) SOR834 Genotype under Cadmium Chloride and Nitrate Toxicity

Abstract

Effect of Seed Deterioration on Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Oil Flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Norman var.) Seed

Abstract

Effect of seed deterioration stress on germination and seedling growth indices in three cultivars of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Abstract

Isolation of Azospirillum and evaluation of the effect of four superior isolates on the germination of Canola seeds

Abstract

The effect of gibberllic acid and bed substrate on seed germination and Seedling characteristics of Persian Cyclamen (C.persicum)

Abstract

Effect of scarification with sulfuric acid and culture medium type on seed germinatin of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Camaroasa and Paros) in in vitro conditions

Abstract